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Oyefabi A, Awaje M, Usman NO, Sunday J, Kure S, Hammad S. Knowledge and Compliance with Malaria National Treatment Guidelines among Primary Health Care Workers in a Rural Area in Northern Nigeria. West Afr J Med 2023; 40:469-475. [PMID: 37245219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge and compliance with malaria treatment guidelines are among the major issues affecting treatment outcome for malaria in Nigeria. Primary health care (PHC) facilities are the first point of contact with the national health system for patients with malaria and other diseases. OBJECTIVE This study assessed the knowledge and compliance with malaria National Treatment Guidelines (NTG) among PHC workers in Lere local government area of Kaduna State, North western Nigeria. METHODS This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among 42 community health workers. The total population of all eligible participants was used for subject selection. Data were analysed with SPSS IBM version 25.0 and STATA/SE 12. The level of statistical significance p-value was set at p<0.05. RESULTS The mean age of the respondents was 38.02±9.23 years. Majority of the respondents were males (25; 59.5%) and community health extension workers (CHEWs) (24; 57.1%). Almost one-third (28.6%) of the PHC workers had poor knowledge of the recommendations of the NTG for malaria, while 14.3% had poor compliance with the NTG. Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between older age and good knowledge of the NTG ( χ2 =0.03, p=0.04). Multivariate analysis further revealed that the odds for poor knowledge of NTG was 40% higher among CHEWs compared to other health workers (AOR=1.40, 95% CI=0.25-7.93). The odds for good knowledge was lower by 55% among those who had practiced for <10 years compared to >10 years (OR=0.45, 95% CI=0.06-3.32). CONCLUSION Poor knowledge and compliance to malaria NTG were commoner among lower cadre (CHEWs) staff with relatively fewer years in PHC practice. There is a need for training, retraining and equitable distribution of the NTG to ensure access and also improve knowledge and utilisation of the NTG for malaria by rural PHC workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Oyefabi
- Department of Community Medicine, Kaduna State University, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - M Awaje
- Department of Community Medicine, Kaduna State University, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - N O Usman
- Department of Community Medicine, Kaduna State University, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - J Sunday
- Kaduna State Ministry of Health, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - S Kure
- Department of Community Medicine, Kaduna State University, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - S Hammad
- Department of Community Medicine, Kaduna State University, Kaduna State, Nigeria
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Abd EL-wahab A, Shamaa M, Hafez A, El-Wassefy N, Hammad S. Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to a new version of zirconium all ceramic restoration: An in vitro comparative study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16249. [PMID: 37251835 PMCID: PMC10213195 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Esthetic restorations such as monolithic zirconia crowns are highly requested for adults nowadays. Bonding orthodontic braces on this type of material became a challenge for orthodontists, because of the special surface treatment needed. This study aims to assess the shear bond strength (SBS) of metal, and ceramic brackets bonded on two types of zirconia ceramics, surface roughness (SR) after different surface treatments for their surfaces, and adhesive remnant index (ARI). Materials and methods Brackets' base surface area (BSA) was scanned by an extra-oral scanner, then measured. The doubled labial surface of monolithic zirconia crowns (n = 30) and monolithic high translucent zirconia crowns (n = 30) were prepared and each was divided into three groups (n = 10) depending on surface treatment (hydrofluoric acid etching, no treatment, and rocatec airborne abrasion). Extracted lower central incisors (n = 20) were prepared. Each of them was divided into two subgroups depending on the type of bracket bonded on their surfaces (metal and ceramic). The SR, SBS, and ARI were assessed. Statistical analysis used Tests used are independent-samples t-test, Fisher's exact test, One-Way ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results The highest SBS and SR were observed in Enamel/Metal and Zirconia/Metal/Rocatec subgroups, respectively. Conclusion Adequate bond strength could be obtained with the high translucent zirconia group if bonded with ceramic or metal brackets even if no treatment was used. Clinical significance A proportion of simulation was done like practicing inside the dental clinic to reach the best results regarding the adhesion strength of orthodontic brackets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assem Abd EL-wahab
- Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Egypt
- Orthodontic Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Delta University for Science and Technology, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Marwa Shamaa
- Orthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hafez
- Orthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Noha El-Wassefy
- Biomaterial Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Shaza Hammad
- Orthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Egypt
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Abd El-wahab AM, Hammad S, El-wassefy N, Hafez A, Shamaa M. Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets Bonded to a New Version of Zirconium All Ceramic Restoration: An in Vitro Comparative Study. SSRN Journal 2022. [DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4263971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Mahomoodally MF, Aumeeruddy MZ, Rengasamy KRR, Roshan S, Hammad S, Pandohee J, Hu X, Zengin G. Ginger and its active compounds in cancer therapy: From folk uses to nano-therapeutic applications. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 69:140-149. [PMID: 31412298 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ginger is a spice that is renowned for its characteristic aromatic fragrance and pungent taste, with documented healing properties. Field studies conducted in several Asian and African countries revealed that ginger is used traditionally in the management of cancer. The scientific community has probed into the biological validation of its extracts and isolated compounds including the gingerols, shogaols, zingiberene, and zingerone, through in-vitro and in-vivo studies. Nonetheless, an updated compilation of these data together with a deep mechanistic approach is yet to be provided. Accordingly, this review highlights the mechanisms and therapeutics of ginger and its bioactive compounds focused on a cancer context and these evidence are based on the (i) cytotoxic effect against cancer cell lines, (ii) enzyme inhibitory action, (iii) combination therapy with chemotherapeutic and phenolic compounds, (iv) possible links to the microbiome and (v) the use of nano-formulations of ginger bioactive compounds as a more effective drug delivery strategy in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - M Z Aumeeruddy
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Kannan R R Rengasamy
- Bionanotechnology Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - S Roshan
- Deccan School of Pharmacy, Darussalam, Aghapura, Hyderabad, 500001, Telangana, India
| | - S Hammad
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - J Pandohee
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius; Centre for Integrative Metabolomics and Computational Biology, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Xuebo Hu
- College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - G Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Turkey
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Plazak M, Reed B, Gale S, Hammad S, Ton V, Kaczorowski D, Trobiano T, Ravichandran B. Clinical Outcomes of Perioperative Desensitization in Orthotopic Heart Transplant Recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2019.01.680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Hammad S, Ravichandran B, Kim J, KuKuruga D, McLenon M, Kon Z. Desensitization in Lung Transplant Recipients with a Positive Virtual Crossmatch. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.1182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Lampen A, Luckert C, Schulz C, Lehmann N, Thomas M, Hofmann U, Hammad S, Hengstler J, Braeuning A, Hessel S. Comparison of 3D culture methods on human HepG2 cells. Toxicol Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Manganese/aluminium mixed oxide solids having the formula 0.2MnCO3/Al2O3 were prepared by mechanical mixing of a known weight of finely powdered manganese carbonate and aluminium hydroxide. The solids obtained were treated with NaNO3 (0.75–6 mol%) solution and dried at 110°C, then calcined in air at 500°C and 800°C for 6 h. The phases produced were identified by XRD analysis. The surface properties (SBET, Vp and r̄) of the pure and doped solids were studied by using N2 adsorption at – 196°C and their catalytic activities were determined by studying the oxidation of CO by O2at 125–300°C. The results obtained reveal that pure and doped mixed solids preheated in air at 500°C and 800°C consist of Mn2O3 (partridgite) and a poorly crystalline γ-alumina. Doping with sodium oxide at 500°C and 800°C resulted in a small decrease (14–19%) in the SBET value of the treated solids. However, this treatment brought about a significant modification in the catalytic activity of the doped solids. Doping with 0.75% Na2O at 500°C led to an increase of about 30–50% in the specific catalytic activity which was found to decrease on increasing the percentage of Na2O above this limit, falling to values smaller than that measured for the undoped catalyst. Doping at 800°C led to a progressive decrease in the activity of the treated solid to an extent proportional to the amount of dopant present. The doping process at 500°C and 800°C did not modify the mechanism of the catalytic reaction but altered the number of catalytically-active sites contributing in the catalysis of CO oxidation by O2 without changing their energetic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A.M. Ghozza
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - S. Hammad
- National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Abdel Noor R, Gabr M, Alnaggar M, Enaba M, Hammad S. SAT0498 Importance of Anti- Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide as A Marker Differentiating Hepatitis C Related Arthropathy from Rheumatoid Arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.2430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Hammad S, Shah L, Restivo M, Robbins H, Scheffert J. Outcomes Associated with Ganciclovir-Resistant Cytomegalovirus in Lung Transplant Recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2016.01.883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Godoy P, Schmidt-Heck W, Natarajan K, Lucendo-Villarin B, Szkolnika D, Asplund A, Bjorquist P, Widera A, Stoeber R, Campos G, Hammad S, Sachinidis A, Damm G, Weiss T, Nussler A, Synnergren J, Edlund K, Küppers-Munther B, Hay D, Hengstler J. Gene networks and transcription factor motifs defining the differentiation of stem cells into hepatocyte-like cells. Toxicol Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hengstler J, Drasdo D, Celliere G, Hammad S, Ghallab A, Reif R, Marchan R, Fluri D, Kelm J, Godoy P. Functional intravital imaging of hepatotoxicity: Comparing intact livers to 3D in vitro systems. Toxicol Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kim J, Marchan R, Boonen K, Hammad S, Landuyt B, Hengstler J, Hierlemann A, Frey O, Kelm J. Pro-drug activation in dynamic microphysiological fluidic systems interconnecting liver and tumor microtissues. Toxicol Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hashmi IH, Hammad S, Rajagopal R, Croft D, More R, Rogers S, Finnie J, Tang A, Sogliani F, Roberts D. 146 IS SURTAVI RISK MODEL A STEP TOWARDS ‘TAVI RISK SCORE’: TIME TO RETHINK? Heart 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2013-304019.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Abd El-Ghafar M, Ibrahim I., Abd El khaleq A, Hammad S, Salem M. EFFICIENCY OF Bacillus thuringiensis AND Bacillus larvae ON Ceratitis capitata (WIED) LARVAE ( DIPTERA : TEPHRITIDAE) IN NORTH SINAI GOVERNORATE . Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology 2012; 3:1033-1040. [DOI: 10.21608/jppp.2012.84391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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El-Saeady A, Ibrahim I, Hammad S, Abd El Fattah S. EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CONSTANT TEMPERATURE AND PHOTOPERIODS ON SOME BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF Chrysoperla carnea (STEPHENS) (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE) REARED ON COWPEA APHID, Aphis craccivora KOCH. Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology 2011; 2:973-979. [DOI: 10.21608/jppp.2011.86628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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El-Mistiri M, El-Mangush M, El-Sahli N, El-Hamri F, Habil S, Bugrara F, Azzuz R, Attia A, El-Katib A, Hammad S. Cancer incidence in Eastern Libya: preliminary result of the year 2003. Tunis Med 2005; 83 Suppl 12:18-9. [PMID: 16430059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
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El-Gilany AH, Hammad S. Epidemiology of diarrhoeal diseases among children under age 5 years in Dakahlia, Egypt. East Mediterr Health J 2005; 11:762-75. [PMID: 16700393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Using multistage cluster sampling, we conducted a household survey of diarrhoea among 4458 children under age 5 years in Dakahlia governorate from June 2002 to May 2003 to determine the prevalence and determinants of diarrhoeal diseases. Frequency of diarrhoea in the previous 2 weeks and last 24 hours were 23.6% and 8.7% respectively. Oral rehydration solution use rate was 24.3% among children with diarrhoea in the past 2 weeks. The frequency of diarrhoea was significantly higher among children in rural areas, those aged 6-24 months and of higher birth order, in the summer, when mothers were younger, had lower education or were not working, and when fathers had lower education or were farmers or manual labourers. Overcrowding, improper refuse disposal and non-flush toilets were also significantly correlated with diarrhoea incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H El-Gilany
- Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.
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Al-Asheh S, Jumah R, Banat F, Hammad S. The Use of Experimental Factorial Design for Analysing the Effect of Spray Dryer Operating Variables on the Production of Tomato Powder. Food and Bioproducts Processing 2003. [DOI: 10.1205/096030803322088215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kandil H, Darwish O, Hammad S, Zagloul N, Halliday D, Millward J. Nitrogen balance and protein turnover during the growth failure in newly born low-birth-weight infants. Am J Clin Nutr 1991; 53:1411-7. [PMID: 2035469 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/53.6.1411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Weight gain, nitrogen balance, protein turnover, and energy and protein intakes were measured during the first week of life of 14 low-birth-weight (LBW) infants, 5 small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants and 9 appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) infants enterally fed at rates determined by the infants ability to assimilate feed. Mean gross intakes were 334 KJ and 1.75 g/kg protein; 4 infants were increasing and 10 were losing weight at rates proportional to gross energy and protein intakes and to nitrogen balance (0.031 g protein balance/g wt gain). Rates of protein synthesis and degradation measured by an intragastric infusion of [1-13C]leucine, averaged 14.5 and 15.9 g protein.kg-1.d-1, some 50% higher than previously reported in older preterm infants and not correlated with nitrogen balance. The growth failure of these infants was not associated with inadequate overall rates of protein turnover, but appeared to reflect an influence of the insufficient energy and protein intakes on the high rates of protein turnover, inducing changes in protein balance in either direction through relatively small changes in protein synthesis and/or degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kandil
- High Institute of Public Health, University of Alexandria, Egypt
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Zeitoun MM, Ibrahim A, Hammad S, Morsi R, Hammouda NA, Ahmed SH. Evaluation of the urine precipitin test and the intradermal test for the early diagnosis of schistosomiasis in infants and children. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 1981; 11:25-31. [PMID: 7299159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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el-Din MK, Hammad S. Serum vitamin A in infancy and childhood. I. In the normal. J Trop Pediatr Afr Child Health 1966; 12:59-62. [PMID: 5299727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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el-Din MK, Hammad S. Serum vitamin A in infancy and childhood. II. In the malnourished. J Trop Pediatr Afr Child Health 1966; 12:63-70. [PMID: 5299728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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