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Su M, Yan Y, Huang Y, Ren J, Niu S, Zhao Y, Yan F, Tian WX, Wang Y. Isolation and characterization of a subtype G2c variant of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus that adapts well to cell culture. Arch Virol 2024; 169:217. [PMID: 39379633 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06140-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes the third most important disease in the pig industry, after African swine fever and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, and leads to illness or death of the entire litter, causing significant economic losses. In this study, three PEDV strains (HN-1, HN-2, and SC2023) were isolated from swine farms with suspected PEDV infections in Sichuan and Henan provinces. Phylogenetic analysis based on complete S gene sequences showed that all three strains belonged to the G2c subgroup. HN-1 adapted readily to cell culture, grew to a viral titer as high as 2 × 108 TCID50/mL in Vero cells, and caused the formation of large syncytia. We analyzed the amino acid sequence of the HN-1 isolate and found that its S1 subunit contained a three-amino-acid insertion (355KRL358). A seven-amino-acid-deletion (1377FEKVHVQ1383) in the S2 subunit resulted in the partial deletion of the endocytosis signal YxxΦ and the complete deletion of the endoplasmic reticulum retrieval signal (ERRS) KVHVQ in the cytoplasmic tail of the S protein. Consequently, HN-1 is predicted to be less pathogenic than its parent strain, an attribute that facilitates rapid cell-to-cell spread by enhancing syncytium formation. In addition, strain HN-1 was found to have the mutation 884-885SG→RR, which may favor adaptation to cell culture by providing new trypsin cleavage sites. These results suggest that HN-1 is a G2c subtype variant that adapts well to cell culture and can be used to study the adaptive mechanisms of PEDV and develop attenuated vaccines.
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Wu Y, Yu X, Zhu Y, Shi C, Li X, Jiang R, Niu S, Gao P, Li S, Yan L, Maulik PK, Guo G, Patel A, Gao R, Blumenthal JA. Integrating depression and acute coronary syndrome care in low resource hospitals in China: the I-CARE randomised clinical trial. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2024; 48:101126. [PMID: 39040037 PMCID: PMC11261764 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Background Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) often co-occurs with depression, which adversely affects prognosis and increases medical costs, but effective treatment models are lacking, particularly in low-resource settings. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of an ACS and depression integrative care (IC) model compared to usual care (UC) in improving depression symptoms and other health outcomes among patients discharged for ACS in Chinese rural hospitals. Methods A multicentre, randomised controlled trial was conducted in sixteen rural county hospitals in China, from October 2014 to March 2017, to recruit consecutively all ACS patients aged 21 years and older after the disease stablised and before discharge. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either the IC or UC, stratified by hospital and depression severity. Patients allocated to IC received an ACS secondary prevention program and depression care including case screening, group counselling, and individual problem-solving therapy. Patients allocated to UC received usual care. The primary outcome was change in Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) from baseline to 6 and 12 months. Main secondary outcomes included major adverse events (MAEs) composed of all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction and stroke, and all-cause re-hospitalisation. Participants were followed up till March 2018. All data were collected in person by trained assessors blinded to treatment group and MAEs were adjudicated centrally. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02195193. Findings Among 4041 eligible patients (IC: 2051; UC: 1990), the mean age was 61 ± 10 years and 63% were men. The mean PHQ-9 score lowered at both 6 and 12 months in both groups but was not lower in IC compared to UC at 6 months (mean difference (MD): -0.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.20, 0.11) or 12 months (MD: -0.06, 95% CI: -0.21, 0.09). There were no treatment group differences for MAEs or other secondary outcomes except for secondary prevention medications at 12 months (45.2% in IC vs 40.8% in UC; relative risk: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.05-1.40). Pre-specified subgroup analyses showed that IC, compared to UC, may be more effective in lowering PHQ-9 scores in women, older patients, and patients with low social support, but less effective in moderately and severely depressed patients (all p for interaction <0.05). Interpretation The study found that the cardiology nurse-led ACS- and depression-integrated care, compared to usual care, did not improve depression symptoms in all patients discharged with ACS. Greater benefits in certain subgroups warrants further studies. Funding R01MH100332 National Institute of Mental Health.
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Ren J, Tan S, Chen X, Wang X, Lin Y, Jin Y, Niu S, Wang Y, Gao X, Liang L, Li J, Zhao Y, Tian WX. Characterization of a novel recombinant NADC30‑like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in Shanxi Province, China. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1879-1889. [PMID: 38349546 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10319-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most important pathogens affecting the swine industry. In this report, a novel PRRSV strain SXht2012 was isolated from Shanxi province in China. To identify genetic characteristics of SXht2012, we conducted phylogenetic and homology analyses after sequencing its complete genome. The results revealed that SXht2012 belonged to NADC30-like strain and shared 91.3% nucleotide (nt) identity with strain NADC30. Notably, sequence alignment showed that a distinctive feature in the NSP2 region, where a 131-amino acid (aa) deletion was found in the hypervariable region (HVR). Additionally, variations were also detected in the GP5 protein, specifically in the decoy peptide, T cell peptide, and a potential glycosylation site (aa 32). Furthermore, we also found that SXht2012 was likely a recombination virus originating from NADC30-like and JXA1-like strains, and three recombination breakpoints were identified in the genome at nt positions 1516, 5280 and 6851, which correspond to the NSP2, NSP3, and NSP7 regions. Overall, these findings have significant implications for understanding the genetic variation and evolutionary dynamics of PRRSV strains.
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Wang Y, Deng J, Wang X, Zhang L, Xu Y, Ren J, Niu S, Zhao Y, Yan F, Tian WX, Yan Y. Isolation, identification, and proteomic analysis of outer membrane vesicles of Riemerella anatipestifer SX-1. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103639. [PMID: 38547673 PMCID: PMC11180376 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer, belonging to Weeksellaceae family Riemerella, is a bacterium that can infect ducks, geese, and turkeys, causing diseases known as duck infectious serositis, new duck disease, and duck septicemia. We collected diseased materials from ducks on a duck farm in China and then isolated and purified a strain of serotype 1 R. anatipestifer named SX-1. Animal experiments showed that SX-1 is a highly virulent strain with an LD50 value of 101 CFU/mL. The complete genome sequence was obtained. The complete genome sequence of R. anatipestifer SX-1 was 2,112,539 bp; 847 genes were involved in catalytic activity, and 445 genes were related to the cell membrane. The total length of the repetitive sequences was 8746 bp. Four CRISPR loci were predicted in R. anatipestifer strain SX-1, and 4 genomic islands were predicted. Concentration and ultra-high-speed centrifugation were used to extract the outer membrane vesicles of R. anatipestifer SX-1. The OMVs were extracted successfully. Particle size analysis revealed the size and abundance of particles: 147.4 nm, 94.9%; 293.6 nm, 1.1%; 327.2 nm, 1.1%; 397.2 nm, 0.3%; and 371.8 nm, 1.1%. The average size was 173.5 nm. Label-free proteomic technology was used to identify proteins in the outer membrane vesicles. ATCC 11845 served as the reference genome sequence, and 148 proteins were identified using proteomic analysis, which were classified into 5 categories based on their sources. Among them, 24 originated from cytoplasmic proteins, 4 from extracellular secreted proteins, 27 from outer membrane proteins, 10 from periplasmic proteins, and 83 from unknown sources. This study conducted a proteomic analysis of OMVs to provide a theoretical basis for the development of R. anatipestifer OMVs vaccines and adjuvants and lays the foundation for further research on the relationship between the pathogenicity of R. anatipestifer and OMVs.
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Wang Y, Su M, Huang Y, Ren J, Niu S, Zhao Y, Yan F, Yan Y, Tian WX. Development of a novel PCV2 and PCV3 vaccine using virus-like vesicles incorporating Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus-containing vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1359421. [PMID: 38840631 PMCID: PMC11150706 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1359421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus disease (PCV) causes substantial economic losses in the pig industry, primarily from porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3). Novel vaccines are necessary to prevent and control PCV infections. PCV coat proteins are crucial for eliciting immunogenic proteins that induce the production of antibodies and immune responses. A vaccine platform utilizing Semliki Forest virus RNA replicons expressing vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G), was recently developed. This platform generates virus-like vesicles (VLVs) containing VSV-G exclusively, excluding other viral structural proteins. In our study, we developed a novel virus-like vesicle vaccine by constructing recombinant virus-like vesicles (rVLVs) that also express EGFP. These rVLVs were created using the RNA replicon of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEEV) and New Jersey serotype VSV-G. The rVLVs underwent characterization and safety evaluation in vitro. Subsequently, rVLVs expressing PCV2d-Cap and PCV3-Cap proteins were constructed. Immunization of C57 mice with these rVLVs led to a significant increase in anti-porcine circovirus type 2 and type 3 capsid protein antibodies in mouse serum. Additionally, a cellular immune response was induced, as evidenced by high production of IFN-γ and IL-4 cytokines. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of developing a novel porcine circovirus disease vaccine based on rVLVs.
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Yang R, Han P, Han P, Li D, Zhao R, Niu S, Liu K, Li S, Tian WX, Gao GF. Molecular basis of hippopotamus ACE2 binding to SARS-CoV-2. J Virol 2024; 98:e0045124. [PMID: 38591877 PMCID: PMC11092335 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00451-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has a wide range of hosts, including hippopotami, which are semi-aquatic mammals and phylogenetically closely related to Cetacea. In this study, we characterized the binding properties of hippopotamus angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hiACE2) to the spike (S) protein receptor binding domains (RBDs) of the SARS-CoV-2 prototype (PT) and variants of concern (VOCs). Furthermore, the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the SARS-CoV-2 PT S protein complexed with hiACE2 was resolved. Structural and mutational analyses revealed that L30 and F83, which are specific to hiACE2, played a crucial role in the hiACE2/SARS-CoV-2 RBD interaction. In addition, comparative and structural analysis of ACE2 orthologs suggested that the cetaceans may have the potential to be infected by SARS-CoV-2. These results provide crucial molecular insights into the susceptibility of hippopotami to SARS-CoV-2 and suggest the potential risk of SARS-CoV-2 VOCs spillover and the necessity for surveillance. IMPORTANCE The hippopotami are the first semi-aquatic artiodactyl mammals wherein SARS-CoV-2 infection has been reported. Exploration of the invasion mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 will provide important information for the surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in hippopotami, as well as other semi-aquatic mammals and cetaceans. Here, we found that hippopotamus ACE2 (hiACE2) could efficiently bind to the RBDs of the SARS-CoV-2 prototype (PT) and variants of concern (VOCs) and facilitate the transduction of SARS-CoV-2 PT and VOCs pseudoviruses into hiACE2-expressing cells. The cryo-EM structure of the SARS-CoV-2 PT S protein complexed with hiACE2 elucidated a few critical residues in the RBD/hiACE2 interface, especially L30 and F83 of hiACE2 which are unique to hiACE2 and contributed to the decreased binding affinity to PT RBD compared to human ACE2. Our work provides insight into cross-species transmission and highlights the necessity for monitoring host jumps and spillover events on SARS-CoV-2 in semi-aquatic/aquatic mammals.
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Niu S, Tang S, Huang S, Liang L, Li S, Liu H. [Low-dose CT reconstruction based on high-dimensional partial differential equation projection recovery]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2024; 44:682-688. [PMID: 38708501 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2024.04.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We propose a low-dose CT reconstruction method using partial differential equation (PDE) denoising under high-dimensional constraints. METHODS The projection data were mapped into a high-dimensional space to construct a high-dimensional representation of the data, which were updated by moving the points in the high-dimensional space. The data were denoised using partial differential equations and the CT image was reconstructed using the FBP algorithm. RESULTS Compared with those by FBP, PWLS-QM and TGV-WLS methods, the relative root mean square error of the Shepp-Logan image reconstructed by the proposed method were reduced by 68.87%, 50.15% and 27.36%, the structural similarity values were increased by 23.50%, 8.83% and 1.62%, and the feature similarity values were increased by 17.30%, 2.71% and 2.82%, respectively. For clinical image reconstruction, the proposed method, as compared with FBP, PWLS-QM and TGV-WLS methods, resulted in reduction of the relative root mean square error by 42.09%, 31.04% and 21.93%, increased the structural similarity values by 18.33%, 13.45% and 4.63%, and increased the feature similarity values by 3.13%, 1.46% and 1.10%, respectively. CONCLUSION The new method can effectively reduce the streak artifacts and noises while maintaining the spatial resolution in reconstructed low-dose CT images.
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Niu S, Zhao Z, Liu Z, Rong X, Chai Y, Bai B, Han P, Shang G, Ren J, Wang Y, Zhao X, Liu K, Tian WX, Wang Q, Gao GF. Structural basis and analysis of hamster ACE2 binding to different SARS-CoV-2 spike RBDs. J Virol 2024; 98:e0115723. [PMID: 38305152 PMCID: PMC10949455 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01157-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Pet golden hamsters were first identified being infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) delta variant of concern (VOC) and transmitted the virus back to humans in Hong Kong in January 2022. Here, we studied the binding of two hamster (golden hamster and Chinese hamster) angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) proteins to the spike protein receptor-binding domains (RBDs) of SARS-CoV-2 prototype and eight variants, including alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and four omicron sub-variants (BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, and BA.4/BA.5). We found that the two hamster ACE2s present slightly lower affinity for the RBDs of all nine SARS-CoV-2 viruses tested than human ACE2 (hACE2). Furthermore, the similar infectivity to host cells expressing hamster ACE2s and hACE2 was confirmed with the nine pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 viruses. Additionally, we determined two cryo-electron microscopy (EM) complex structures of golden hamster ACE2 (ghACE2)/delta RBD and ghACE2/omicron BA.3 RBD. The residues Q34 and N82, which exist in many rodent ACE2s, are responsible for the lower binding affinity of ghACE2 compared to hACE2. These findings suggest that all SARS-CoV-2 VOCs may infect hamsters, highlighting the necessity of further surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in these animals.IMPORTANCESARS-CoV-2 can infect many domestic animals, including hamsters. There is an urgent need to understand the binding mechanism of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants to hamster receptors. Herein, we showed that two hamster angiotensin-converting enzyme 2s (ACE2s) (golden hamster ACE2 and Chinese hamster ACE2) can bind to the spike protein receptor-binding domains (RBDs) of SARS-CoV-2 prototype and eight variants and that pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 viruses can infect hamster ACE2-expressing cells. The binding pattern of golden hamster ACE2 to SARS-CoV-2 RBDs is similar to that of Chinese hamster ACE2. The two hamster ACE2s present slightly lower affinity for the RBDs of all nine SARS-CoV-2 viruses tested than human ACE2. We solved the cryo-electron microscopy (EM) structures of golden hamster ACE2 in complex with delta RBD and omicron BA.3 RBD and found that residues Q34 and N82 are responsible for the lower binding affinity of ghACE2 compared to hACE2. Our work provides valuable information for understanding the cross-species transmission mechanism of SARS-CoV-2.
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Zhao R, Niu S, Han P, Gao Y, Liu D, Luo C, Liu H, Liu B, Xu Y, Qi J, Chen Z, Shi W, Wu L, Gao GF, Wang Q. Cross-species recognition of bat coronavirus RsYN04 and cross-reaction of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies against the virus. Zool Res 2023; 44:1015-1025. [PMID: 37804113 PMCID: PMC10802104 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), several severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-related coronaviruses have been discovered. Previous research has identified a novel lineage of SARS-CoV-2-related CoVs in bats, including RsYN04, which recognizes human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and thus poses a potential threat to humans. Here, we screened the binding of the RsYN04 receptor-binding domain (RBD) to ACE2 orthologs from 52 animal species and found that the virus showed a narrower ACE2-binding spectrum than SARS-CoV-2. However, the presence of the T484W mutation in the RsYN04 RBD broadened its range. We also evaluated 44 SARS-CoV-2 antibodies targeting seven epitope communities in the SARS-CoV-2 RBD, together with serum obtained from COVID-19 convalescents and vaccinees, to determine their cross-reaction against RsYN04. Results showed that no antibodies, except for the RBD-6 and RBD-7 classes, bound to the RsYN04 RBD, indicating substantial immune differences from SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, the structure of the RsYN04 RBD in complex with cross-reactive antibody S43 in RBD-7 revealed a potently broad epitope for the development of therapeutics and vaccines. Our findings suggest RsYN04 and other viruses belonging to the same clade have the potential to infect several species, including humans, highlighting the necessity for viral surveillance and development of broad anti-coronavirus countermeasures.
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Liu Y, Deng Y, Niu S, Zhu N, Song J, Zhang X, Su W, Nie W, Lu R, Irwin DM, Gao GF, Wang W, Wang Q, Tan W, Zhang S. Discovery and identification of a novel canine coronavirus causing a diarrhea outbreak in Vulpes. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:2598-2606. [PMID: 37758615 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Cross-species transmission of viruses from wildlife animal reservoirs, such as bats, poses a threat to human and domestic animal health. Previous studies have shown that domestic animals have important roles as intermediate hosts, enabling the transmission of genetically diverse coronaviruses from natural hosts to humans. Here, we report the identification and characterization of a novel canine coronavirus (VuCCoV), which caused an epidemic of acute diarrhea in Vulpes (foxes) in Shenyang, China. The epidemic started on November 8, 2019, and caused more than 39,600 deaths by January 1, 2022. Full-length viral genomic sequences were obtained from 15 foxes with diarrhea at the early stage of this outbreak. The VuCCoV genome shared more than 90% nucleotide identity with canine coronavirus (CCoV) for three of the four structural genes, with the S gene showing a larger amount of divergence. In addition, 67% (10/15) of the VuCCoV genomes contained an open reading frame (ORF3) gene, which was previously only detected in CCoV-I genomes. Notably, VuCCoV had only two to three amino acid differences at the partial RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) level to bat CoV, suggesting a close genetic relationship. Therefore, these novel VuCCoV genomes represent a previously unsampled lineage of CCoVs. We also show that the VuCCoV spike protein binds to canine and fox aminopeptidase N (APN), which may allow this protein to serve as an entry receptor. In addition, cell lines were identified that are sensitive to VuCCoV using a pseudovirus system. These data highlight the importance of identifying the diversity and distribution of coronaviruses in domestic animals, which could mitigate future outbreaks that could threaten livestock, public health, and economic growth.
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Ren J, Tan S, Chen X, Yao J, Niu Z, Wang Y, Ma L, Gao X, Niu S, Liang L, Li J, Zhao Y, Tian WX. Genomic Characterization and gE/gI-Deleted Strain Construction of Novel PRV Variants Isolated in Central China. Viruses 2023; 15:1237. [PMID: 37376537 DOI: 10.3390/v15061237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) variants have caused substantial economic losses in the swine industry in China since 2011. To surveil the genetic variation in PRV field strains, here, two novel variant strains of PRV were isolated from Shanxi Province in central China and were designated SX1910 and SX1911. To identify the genetic characteristics of the two isolates, their complete genomes were sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis and sequence alignment revealed that field PRV variants have undergone genetic variations; notably, the protein-coding sequences UL5, UL36, US1 and IE180 exhibited extensive variation and contained one or more hypervariable regions. Furthermore, we also found that the glycoproteins gB and gD of the two isolates had some novel amino acid (aa) mutations. Importantly, most of these mutations were located on the surface of the protein molecule, according to protein structure model analysis. We constructed a mutant virus of SX1911 with deletion of the gE and gI genes via CRISPR/Cas9. When tested in mice, SX1911-ΔgE/gI-vaccinated mice were protected within a comparable range to Bartha-K61-vaccinated mice. Additionally, a higher dose of inactivated Bartha-K61 protected the mice from lethal SX1911 challenge, while a lower neutralization titer, higher viral load and more severe microscopic lesions were displayed in Bartha-K61-vaccinated mice. These findings highlight the need for continuous monitoring of PRV and novel vaccine development or vaccination program design for PRV control in China.
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Rong ZH, Ni L, Zhang R, Niu S, Li FS, Liu CW. [Research progress on the role of non-coding RNA in the functional regulation of vascular smooth muscle cells]. ZHONGHUA XIN XUE GUAN BING ZA ZHI 2023; 51:535-541. [PMID: 37198127 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20230310-00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
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Wan H, Wen Y, Niu S, Jia Y, Zhang Q. Explosion hazards of mixed aluminum/aluminum hydride dust cloud in a closed vessel. POWDER TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Zhou J, Qiao ML, Jahejo AR, Han XY, Wang P, Wang Y, Ren JL, Niu S, Zhao YJ, Zhang D, Bi YH, Wang QH, Si LL, Fan RW, Shang GJ, Tian WX. Effect of Avian Influenza Virus subtype H9N2 on the expression of complement-associated genes in chicken erythrocytes. Br Poult Sci 2023:1-9. [PMID: 36939295 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2023.2191308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
The H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus can infect both chickens and humans. Previous studies have reported a role for erythrocytes in immunity. However, the role of H9N2 against chicken erythrocytes and the presence of complement-related genes in erythrocytes has not been studied. This research investigated the effect of H9N2 on complement-associated gene expression in chicken erythrocytes. The expression of complement-associated genes (C1s, C1q, C2, C3, C3ar1, C4, C4a, C5, C5ar1, C7, CD93 and CFD) was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to analyse the differential expression of complement-associated genes in chicken erythrocytes at 0 h, 2 h, 6 h and 10 h after the interaction between H9N2 virus and chicken erythrocytes in vitro and 3, 7 and 14 d after H9N2 virus nasal infection of chicks. Expression levels of C1q, C4, C1s, C2, C3, C5, C7 and CD93 were significantly up-regulated at 2 h and significantly down-regulated at 10 h. Gene expression levels of C1q, C3ar1, C4a, CFD and C5ar1 were seen to be different at each time point. The expression levels of C1q, C4, C1s, C2, C3, C5, C7, CFD, C3ar1, C4a and C5ar1 were significantly up-regulated at 7 d and the gene expression of levels of C3, CD93 and C5ar1 were seen to be different at each time point. The results confirmed that all the complement-associated genes were expressed in chicken erythrocytes and showed the H9N2 virus interaction with chicken erythrocytes and subsequent regulation of chicken erythrocyte complement-associated genes expression. This study reported, for the first time, the relationship between H9N2 and complement system of chicken erythrocytes, which will provide a foundation for further research into the prevention and control of H9N2 infection.
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Hou S, Wang X, Yu Y, Ji H, Dong X, Li J, Li H, He H, Li Z, Yang Z, Chen W, Yao G, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Bi M, Niu S, Zhao G, Zhu R, Liu G, Jia Y, Gao Y. Invasive fungal infection is associated with antibiotic exposure in preterm infants: a multi-centre prospective case-control study. J Hosp Infect 2023; 134:43-49. [PMID: 36646139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous antibiotic exposure is an important risk factor for invasive fungal infection (IFI). Antibiotic overexposure is common in lower-income countries; however, multi-centre studies concerning IFI in relation to antibiotic exposure are scarce. AIM This prospective, multi-centre matched case-control study explored the correlation of IFI and antibiotic exposure in very preterm infants or very-low-birthweight infants admitted to 23 tertiary hospitals in China between 2018 and 2021. METHODS Using a 1:2 matched design for gestational age, birth weight and early-onset sepsis (yes/no), the risk factors between infants diagnosed with IFI and infection-free controls were compared. The antibiotic use rate (AUR) was calculated using calendar days of antibiotic therapy in the 4 weeks preceding IFI onset divided by onset day of IFI. FINDINGS In total, 6368 infants were included in the study, of which 90 (1.4%) were diagnosed with IFI. Median AUR, length of antibiotic therapy (LOT) and days of antibiotic therapy (DOT) within the 4 weeks preceding IFI onset were 0.90, 18 days and 30 days, respectively. Multi-variate analysis showed that a 10% increase in AUR, each additional day of DOT and LOT, and each additional day of third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems were notably associated with IFI. CONCLUSION Prolonged antibiotic therapy is common before the onset of IFI, and is an important risk factor, especially the use of third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems. Antibiotic stewardship should be urgently developed and promoted for preterm infants in order to reduce IFI in lower-income countries such as China.
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Wang Y, Deng J, Ren J, Liang L, Li J, Niu S, Wu X, Zhao Y, Gao S, Yan F, Liu Y, Ma H, Tian WX, Yan Y. RAP44 phage integrase-guided 50K genomic island integration in Riemerella anatipestifer. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:961354. [PMID: 36524231 PMCID: PMC9745183 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.961354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. Bacteria and bacteriophages have been fighting for survival. Over time, the evolution of both populations has been affected. Pathogenic Flavobacteriaceae species including Riemerella anatipestifer mainly infects ducklings, geese, and turkeys. However, it does not infect humans, rats, or other mammals, and is a suitable and safe research object in the laboratory. Our previous study showed that there is a 10K genomic island in R. anatipestiferIn this study, we found another integrated 50K genomic islands and focused on the relationship between R. anatipestifer genomic islands and the RAP44 phage genome. The phage RAP44 genome was integrated into R. anatipestifer chromosome, and an evolutionary relationship was evident between them in our comparative analysis. Furthermore, the integrated defective RAP44 phage sequence had the function of integration, excision, and cyclization automatically. Integrases are important integration elements. The integrative function of integrase was verified in R. anatipestifer. The integrase with the attP site can be integrated stably at the attB locus of the R. anatipestifer genome. A recombinant strain can stably inherit and express the exogenous gene. By studying the integration between host bacterium and phage, we have provided evidence for the evolution of the genomes in R. anatipestifer.
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Li S, Yang R, Zhang D, Han P, Xu Z, Chen Q, Zhao R, Zhao X, Qu X, Zheng A, Wang L, Li L, Hu Y, Zhang R, Su C, Niu S, Zhang Y, Qi J, Liu K, Wang Q, Gao GF. Cross-species recognition and molecular basis of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV binding to ACE2s of marine animals. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 9:nwac122. [PMID: 36187898 PMCID: PMC9517163 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has an extremely broad host range that includes hippopotami, which are phylogenetically closely related to whales. The cellular ACE2 receptor is one of the key determinants of the host range. Here, we found that ACE2s from several marine mammals and hippopotami could efficiently bind to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 and facilitate the transduction of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses into ACE2-expressing cells. We further resolved the cryo-electron microscopy complex structures of the minke whale ACE2 and sea lion ACE2, respectively, bound to the RBDs, revealing that they have similar binding modes to human ACE2 when it comes to the SARS-CoV-2 RBD and SARS-CoV RBD. Our results indicate that marine mammals could potentially be new victims or virus carriers of SARS-CoV-2, which deserves further careful investigation and study. It will provide an early warning for the prospective monitoring of marine mammals.
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Huang M, Wu L, Zheng A, Xie Y, He Q, Rong X, Han P, Du P, Han P, Zhang Z, Zhao R, Jia Y, Li L, Bai B, Hu Z, Hu S, Niu S, Hu Y, Liu H, Liu B, Cui K, Li W, Zhao X, Liu K, Qi J, Wang Q, Gao GF. Atlas of currently-available human neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and escape by Omicron sub-variants BA.1/BA.1.1/BA.2/BA.3. Immunity 2022; 55:1501-1514.e3. [PMID: 35777362 PMCID: PMC9197780 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Liu T, Deng C, Duan K, Tsuboi T, Niu S, Wang D, Zhang Q. Zero-Zero Energy-Dominated Degradation in Blue Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Employing Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:22332-22340. [PMID: 35511443 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Blue-emitting organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) fall significantly behind other OLEDs in operational stability. To better understand the key factors governing the stability of blue OLEDs employing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), nine efficient sky-blue to green TADF emitters with different frontier orbital energy levels and different TADF lifetimes have been designed and synthesized on the basis of charge-transfer (CT) acridine/phenyltriazine derivatives. Among them, ToDMAC-TRZ, a molecule composed of a 9,9-dimethyl-2,7-di-o-tolyl-9,10-dihydroacridine donor and a 2,4,6-triphenyl-1,3,5-triazine acceptor, shows a quantum yield of nearly 1 and a TADF lifetime as short as 0.59 μs in thin film. However, the stability of OLEDs is independent of the frontier orbital energy levels and TADF lifetime of the emitter. In contrast, the device half-life is found to decrease by five-sixths as the 0-0 energy of the singlet excitons increases by about 0.06 eV, which can be well-explained by the Arrhenius equation employing a photoreaction model. Whether in photoluminescence or electroluminescence, the contribution of long-lifetime triplet excitons to degradation is much lower than expected, which can be accounted for by how the solid-state solvation effect reduces the energy of the 3CT state and how most molecules have a low-lying locally excited triplet state.
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Niu S, Wang J, Bai B, Wu L, Zheng A, Chen Q, Du P, Han P, Zhang Y, Jia Y, Qiao C, Qi J, Tian W, Wang H, Wang Q, Gao GF. Erratum To: Molecular basis of cross-species ACE2 interactions with SARS-CoV-2-like viruses of pangolin origin. EMBO J 2022; 41:EMBJ2021109962. [PMID: 39448793 PMCID: PMC8724768 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021109962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Niu S, Ma BT, Zhang R, Rong ZH, Ni L, Di X, Liu CW. [Treatment strategies and research progress of acute ilio-femoral deep vein thrombosis]. ZHONGHUA WAI KE ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF SURGERY] 2021; 59:799-803. [PMID: 34404180 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112139-20210424-00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In the past,treatment of acute ilio-femoral deep vein thrombosis (IFDVT) was mainly based on anticoagulation alone,but 30%-50% of patients will develop post-thrombotic syndrome,causing a serious medical burden.Thrombus removal technology such as catheter-directed thrombolysis and percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy can effectively remove blood clots and compensate for the deficiencies of simple anticoagulation,which is expected to improve the prognosis of such disease,but the current evidence is insufficient,and other treatments such as filter implantation and compression therapy are also controversial.This article summarizes the treatment strategies and the latest progress of acute IFDVT,hoping to help the treatment of this type of disease.
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Niu S, Wang J, Bai B, Wu L, Zheng A, Chen Q, Du P, Han P, Zhang Y, Jia Y, Qiao C, Qi J, Tian W, Wang H, Wang Q, Gao GF. Molecular basis of cross-species ACE2 interactions with SARS-CoV-2-like viruses of pangolin origin. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107786. [PMID: 34018203 PMCID: PMC8209949 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021107786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pangolins have been suggested as potential reservoir of zoonotic viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 causing the global COVID-19 outbreak. Here, we study the binding of two SARS-CoV-2-like viruses isolated from pangolins, GX/P2V/2017 and GD/1/2019, to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2), the receptor of SARS-CoV-2. We find that the spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) of pangolin CoVs binds to hACE2 as efficiently as the SARS-CoV-2 RBD in vitro. Furthermore, incorporation of pangolin CoV RBDs allows entry of pseudotyped VSV particles into hACE2-expressing cells. A screen for binding of pangolin CoV RBDs to ACE2 orthologs from various species suggests a broader host range than that of SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, cryo-EM structures of GX/P2V/2017 and GD/1/2019 RBDs in complex with hACE2 show their molecular binding in modes similar to SARS-CoV-2 RBD. Introducing the Q498H substitution found in pangolin CoVs into the SARS-CoV-2 RBD expands its binding capacity to ACE2 homologs of mouse, rat, and European hedgehog. These findings suggest that these two pangolin CoVs may infect humans, highlighting the necessity of further surveillance of pangolin CoVs.
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Olivero A, Liu K, Checcucci E, Lei L, Ma L, Wang G, Mantica G, Tappero S, Amparore D, Sica M, Fiori C, Huang Q, Niu S, Wang B, Ma X, Hou X, Porpiglia F, Terrone C, Zhang X. Adrenocortical Carcinoma with venous tumor invasion. Is there a role for mini-invasive surgery? Eur Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(21)01069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ning GB, Niu S, Li YJ, Lu XX, Yang SX, Jahejo AR, Zhang D, Hao WF, Gao WW, Zhao YJ, Li JH, Yan F, Gao RK, Bi YH, Tian WX, Han LX. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Immune Response of Chicken Erythrocytes to Marek’s Disease Virus Infection. PAK J ZOOL 2021. [DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/20191012061013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Jahejo AR, Jia FJ, Raza SHA, Shah MA, Yin JJ, Ahsan A, Waqas M, Niu S, Ning GB, Zhang D, Khan A, Tian WX. Screening of toll-like receptor signaling pathway-related genes and the response of recombinant glutathione S-transferase A3 protein to thiram induced apoptosis in chicken erythrocytes. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:103831. [PMID: 32818608 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The expression of genes related to the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling pathway were determined. Group A, B and C fed with basal diet and group D, E and F induced TD by feeding a basal diet containing 100 mg·kg-1 thiram. rGSTA3 protein was injected at 20 μg·kg-1 in group B, E and at 50 μg·kg-1 in C, F. Results suggested that lameness and death of chondrocytes were significant on day 14. TLRs signaling pathway related genes were screened based on the transcriptome enrichment, and validated on qPCR. IL-7, TLR2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 15, MyD88, MHC-II, MDA5 and TRAF6 were significantly (p < 0.05) expressed in group E and F as compared to group D on day 14 and 23. IL-7, MHCII, TRAF6, TLR3, TLR5, TLR7, and TLR15 determined insignificant in group D compared to group A on day 23. TD occur in an early phase and alleviated in the later period. rGSTA3 protein can prevent apoptosis and repair degraded chondrocytes.
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