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Mubaraki MA, Faqihi A, AlQhtani F, Hafiz TA, Alalhareth A, Thagfan FA, Elshanat S, Abdel-Gaber RA, Dkhil MA. Blood Biomarkers of Neonatal Sepsis with Special Emphasis on the Monocyte Distribution Width Value as an Early Sepsis Index. Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59:1425. [PMID: 37629715 PMCID: PMC10456917 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59081425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Early detection of neonatal sepsis is critical because it is potentially fatal. Therefore, sepsis biomarkers of sufficient sensitivity and specificity are needed. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of peripheral blood parameters as neonatal sepsis biomarkers and the diagnostic performance of the monocyte distribution width (MDW) in sepsis in a neonatal intensive care unit. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2019 to August 2020 at the King Saud University Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Samples were collected and organised as follows: 77 study cases were subdivided into two subgroups (other health complication (49) and sepsis (28)), and there were 70 controls. The causative microorganisms of neonatal sepsis were isolated. Peripheral blood samples were collected from each neonate in an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tube for a complete blood count and a leukocyte differential count. Moreover, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to measure the diagnostic performance of the MDW. Results: The haematological parameters and neonatal sepsis cases had a considerable correlation. The MDW was the most significant haematological parameter. The ROC analysis of the MDW demonstrated that the area under the curve was 0.89 (95% confidence interval: 0.867 to 0.998) with a sensitivity of 89.3%, a specificity of 88.2%, and a negative predictive value of 97.2% at the cut-off point of 23. Conclusions: The use of haematological parameters is feasible and can be performed rapidly. Neonatal sepsis showed a strong correlation with leukopenia, anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and an elevated MDW value. Moreover, the ROC curve analysis confirmed the high diagnostic ability of the MDW in neonatal sepsis prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murad A. Mubaraki
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.M.)
| | - Ayman Faqihi
- Pathology Department, King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC), Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatmah AlQhtani
- Pathology Department, King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC), Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taghreed A. Hafiz
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.M.)
| | | | - Felwa A. Thagfan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif Elshanat
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 22758, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed A. Dkhil
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Sciences, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
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Thagfan F, Dkhil MA, Al-Shaebi EM, Abdel-Gaber R, Al-Quraishy S, Elshanat S. Biosynthesized Nanosilver from Ginger Extract Exhibits Antioxidant and Hepatic Responses during Eimeria papillata Infection. ACS Omega 2023; 8:23806-23811. [PMID: 37426206 PMCID: PMC10324095 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Although several anticoccidial medications have long been used to prevent coccidiosis, their adverse effects necessitate the use of alternative control methods. In this study, Eimeria papillate was used to infect the mouse jejunum, and the response of the liver to induced coccidiosis on treatment with nanosilver synthesized from Zingiber officinale (NS) and the reference anticoccidial drug amprolium was compared. Mice were infected with 1000 sporulated oocysts to induce coccidiosis. NS was able to inhibit the sporulation of E. papillate by approximately 73%, and also, the NS treatment improved the liver function in mice, as proven by lower levels of the liver enzymes AST, ALT, and ALP. Furthermore, treatment with NS improved the parasite-induced liver histological injury. Also, glutathione and glutathione peroxidase levels increased following treatment. Moreover, the concentrations of metal ions, Fe, Mg, and Cu, were studied, where only the Fe concentration was affected after treatment of the E. papillate-infected mice with Bio-NS. The presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in NS is thought to be responsible for its positive effects. Overall, the current study found that NS outperformed amprolium in E. papillata-induced mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felwa
A. Thagfan
- Department
of Biology, College of Science, Princess
Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Dkhil
- Department
of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11732, Egypt
- Applied
Science Private University, Amman 11937, Jordan
| | - Esam M. Al-Shaebi
- Department
of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud
University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rewaida Abdel-Gaber
- Department
of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud
University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Al-Quraishy
- Department
of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud
University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif Elshanat
- Department
of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 11511, Egypt
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Dkhil MA, Thagfan FA, Morad MY, Al-Shaebi EM, Elshanat S, Bauomy AA, Mubaraki M, Hafiz TA, Al-Quraishy S, Abdel-Gaber R. Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles have anticoccidial and jejunum-protective effects in mice infected with Eimeria papillata. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:44566-44577. [PMID: 36694067 PMCID: PMC9873539 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25383-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Eimeriosis, an infection with Eimeria spp. that affects poultry, causes huge economic losses. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have antibacterial and antifungal properties, but their action against Eimeria infection has not yet been elucidated. This study demonstrates the action of AgNPs in the treatment of mice infected with Eimeria papillata. AgNPs were prepared from Zingiber officinale rhizomes. Phytochemical screening by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS) was used to detect active compounds. Mice were divided into five groups: uninfected mice, uninfected mice that were administered AgNPs, untreated mice infected with 103 sporulated oocysts of E. papillata, infected mice treated with AgNPs, and infected mice treated with amprolium. Characterization of the samples showed the AgNPs to have nanoscale sizes and aspherical shape. Phytochemical screening by GC-MS demonstrated the presence of 38 phytochemical compounds in the extract of Z. officinale. Mice infected with E. papillata-sporulated oocysts were observed to have many histopathological damages in the jejuna, including a decrease in the goblet cell numbers affecting the jejunal mucosa. Additionally, an increased oocyst output was also observed. The treatment of infected mice with AgNPs resulted in the improvement of the jejunal mucosa, increase in the number of goblet cell, and decrease in the number of meronts, gamonts, and developing oocysts in the jejuna. Moreover, AgNPs also led to decreased oocyst shedding in feces. The results revealed AgNPs to have an anticoccidial effect in the jejunum of E. papillata-infected mice and, thus, could be a potential treatment for eimeriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Dkhil
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Felwa A Thagfan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mostafa Y Morad
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Esam M Al-Shaebi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif Elshanat
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amira A Bauomy
- Department of Science Laboratories, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Ar-Rass, 52719, Saudi Arabia
| | - Murad Mubaraki
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taghreed A Hafiz
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Al-Quraishy
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rewaida Abdel-Gaber
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Elshahawy II, Elshanat S, Arab MM, Nayel M, Salama A, El-Sify A, Aly M. Hepatic biomarkers and coprology as indicators of clinical bovine fasciolosis in Chad. Vet World 2021; 14:1153-1157. [PMID: 34220116 PMCID: PMC8243696 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1153-1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Fasciolosis is a cosmopolitan parasitic disease of food-producing animals and is typically caused by digenetic trematodes, Fasciola gigantica and Fasciola hepatica. It has a direct negative impact on the liver and consequently affects liver metabolism. It has indirect effects, including lowered milk production and effects on quality and general health conditions leading to extensive economic losses. This study aimed to focus on the link between clinical fasciolosis and some biochemical analysis of the hepatic profile of cattle in Chad. Materials and Methods: This study was initiated in response to emerging complaints from dairy cattle owners detecting a bitter milk cream and butter taste. Furthermore, those animals had shown poor health conditions by presenting with diarrhea. Preliminary surveillance for possible causes was performed, including fecal and serum biochemical analyses and clinical observation to diagnose the possible disease. Results: The results obtained, including the finding of parasite stages during the coprological examination, confirmed the role of fasciolosis. The independent sample t-test indicated highly significantly altered values of all biochemical liver indicators in the infected animals. All animals were treated with two doses of rafoxanide (3 mg/kg b.w.) S/C, at 21 days intervals, with vitamin supplements, mineral mixtures, and food additives. Surprisingly, the main complaint was restored after treatment. This is another evident clue of fasciolosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first recent study that diagnosed fasciolosis in Chad. Conclusion: This study emphasized the importance of fasciolosis, its negative impact on milk taste, and the necessity for veterinary advice regarding routine examination and prophylactic measures, especially before autumn, to minimize economic losses. However, regardless of the small sample size, this study could serve as a cornerstone for future studies on evaluating the accurate epidemiological status of fasciolosis in Chad. This study reported a close association between the alteration of liver enzymes and total protein levels in fasciolosis and the bitter milk cream taste, which could be used as a diagnostic tool for fasciolosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim I Elshahawy
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Sherif Elshanat
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Mayo Mahamat Arab
- Department of Biology, College of Exact and Applied Sciences, The University of N'Djamena, Chad
| | - Mohamed Nayel
- Department of Biology, College of Exact and Applied Sciences, The University of N'Djamena, Chad
| | - Akram Salama
- Department of Animal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (Infectious disease), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Sify
- Department of Animal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (Infectious disease), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Aly
- Department of Animal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (Animal Medicine), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Egypt
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