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Identifying optimal puncture position by a real-time image analysis for Piezo-ICSI: a prospective randomized sibling oocyte study. Reprod Biomed Online 2024; 48:103735. [PMID: 38402676 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2023.103735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Would the use of the intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) position detector (IPD) make it possible to identify the optimal puncture position on oolemma during Piezo-ICSI and reduce oocyte degeneration and unintentional membrane rupture (UMR)? DESIGN This sibling oocyte study included 917 inseminated oocytes from 113 infertile patients undergoing Piezo-ICSI. Oocytes were randomly divided into two groups: with or without IPD. The rates of UMR, degeneration, fertilization and embryonic development were compared between the two groups. As a secondary analysis, non-IPD oocytes were retrospectively assessed as appropriate or non-appropriate injection sites and analysed alongside prospective 'appropriate' injections. RESULTS The rates of UMR (7.0% versus 12.9%, P = 0.004) and degeneration (2.4% versus 6.1%, P < 0.01 = 0.008) were significantly lower in the IPD group than in the non-IPD group. No significant differences, however, were observed in the rates of fertilization (two pronuclei, 83.8% versus 78.9%), blastocyst formation (48.5% versus 48.8%) or good-quality blastocysts (22.5% versus 20.5%). Additionally, no significant differences were observed in the rates of pregnancy (29.4% versus 35.1%) or live births (26.5% versus 29.7%) in a single embryo transfer setting with or without IPD. Comparing all 'appropriate' injections with 'non-appropriate' injections also showed a significantly decreased rate of UMR and degeneration (both P ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that a real-time image analysis during Piezo-ICSI markedly reduced oocyte degeneration by avoiding areas associated with a high risk of UMR. Therefore, IPD may increase the number of embryos available for treatment.
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Optimal puncture position for ICSI can be detected by image analysis using Local Binary Pattern. Reprod Biomed Online 2023; 46:46-53. [PMID: 36307354 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION One of the problems during the intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) procedure is unintentional membrane rupture (UMR), which often predisposes to subsequent oocyte degeneration. Can the ICSI Position Detector (IPD) be useful in identifying the optimal puncture location to prevent UMR during ICSI? DESIGN A total of 709 mature oocytes were included. Conventional ICSI was carried out and images were recorded by IPD; these were analysed retrospectively. RESULTS Inseminated oocytes were retrospectively grouped according to the IPD, irrespective of whether oolemma was punctured at an area in which UMR is likely (non-appropriate group) or unlikely (appropriate group). In the appropriate group, rates of UMR (5.3% versus 18.2%) and degeneration (2.5% versus 8.7%) were significantly lower than those of the non-appropriate group, whereas rate of fertilization (87.1% versus 69.7%) was significantly higher than those of the non-appropriate group, respectively (P < 0.001). These differences remained even after propensity score matching to adjust for potential differences in characteristics between appropriate and non-appropriate groups. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the IPD is useful to identify the optimal puncture location to circumvent UMR during the ICSI procedure, resulting in reduced UMR and oocyte degeneration, thereby, generating more embryos available for transfer or cryopreservation.
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Rupture Prediction for Microscopic Oocyte Images of Piezo Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection by Principal Component Analysis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:6546. [PMID: 36362775 PMCID: PMC9659053 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) has progressed rapidly, resulting in a great improvement in the clinical pregnancy ratio. When applying the protocol of piezo intracytoplasmic sperm injection (Piezo-ICSI), it is very important to puncture the zona pellucida and the oocyte cytoplasmic membrane without rupturing the oocyte cytoplasmic membrane. Previous studies have shown that the poor extensibility of the oocyte cytoplasmic membrane might be closely related to rupture. However, no consensus has been reached regarding how the quality of the oocyte for extensible ability or rupture possibility affects the surfaces of the oocyte on the microscopic frames. We conducted this study to provide evidence that artificial intelligence (AI) techniques are superior for predicting the tendency of oocyte rupture before puncturing on Piezo-ICSI. To inspect it, we provided a retrospective trial of 38 rupture oocytes and 55 nonruptured oocytes. This study marked the highest accuracy of 91.4% for predicting oocytes rupture using the support-vector machine method of machine learning. We conclude that AI technologies might serve an important role and provide a significant benefit to ART.
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EFFECT OF STRONTIUM CHLORIDE ON ICSI OUTCOME IN PATIENTS WITH POOR FERTILIZATION AFTER ARTIFICIAL OOCYTE ACTIVATION BY CALCIUM IONOPHORE IS MORE PRONOUNCED IN CASES OF SURGICALLY RETRIEVED SPERM. Fertil Steril 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.08.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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P-127 Identification of the optimal puncture position by image analysis may reduce oocyte degeneration in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Hum Reprod 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac107.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Is it possible to identify the optimal puncture position by image analysis where oocyte degeneration is reduced in ICSI procedure?
Summary answer
Visualizing the likelihood of unintentional membrane rupture (UMR) using image analysis can reduce oocyte degeneration and thereby generate more embryos available for treatment.
What is known already
It is known that the oocyte degeneration after both conventional-ICSI and Piezo-ICSI are often observed when UMR occurs during the puncturing process and the likelihood of UMR may depends on the location of the puncture site on the oolemma. Identifying the appropriate puncturing position may decrease the likelihood of membrane rupture and thus degeneration, however, there are no studies identifying the optimal puncture position during ICSI.
Study design, size, duration
We have developed the ICSI Position Detector (IPD), which can identify an area where rupture is likely to occur and visualize it on a video monitor. This study included 1,110 mature oocytes retrieved from 190 consenting patients. Matured oocytes were inseminated either by Conventional-ICSI (n = 437, average maternal age: 39.1±4.6 y.o.) or Piezo-ICSI (n = 673, average maternal age: 38.6±4.5 y.o.). ICSI was performed blindly, moving images were recorded and analyzed retrospectively during ICSI using IPD.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
Inseminated oocytes were subsequently divided into two groups according to IPD results, oocytes on which ICSI was performed at the position with a low chance of UMR (appropriate group), and with a high chance of UMR (non-appropriate group) by IPD. The rates of UMR, degeneration, fertilization (2PN), blastocyst formation, and good-quality blastocyst (Grade 3BB and above on day 5 by the Gardner scoring) were compared between the two groups of both conventional-ICSI and Piezo-ICSI.
Main results and the role of chance
The areas in which UMR is less likely to occur and more likely to occur are heterogeneously distributed. When ICSI was performed blindly, about half was from the non-appropriate position. In appropriate group of Piezo-ICSI, rates of UMR (4.3% vs. 17.4%, P < 0.001) and degeneration (1.0% vs. 5.7%, P < 0.001) were significantly lower than those of non-appropriate group, whereas rates of fertilization (88.0% vs. 78.4%, P < 0.01) and blastocyst formation (57.8% vs. 45.9%, P < 0.01) were significantly higher than those of non-appropriate group, respectively. The rate of good-quality blastocyst (28.8% vs. 24.9%) was in favor of appropriate group, but not significantly different. In appropriate group of Conventional-ICSI, rates of UMR (6.7% vs. 20.6%, P < 0.001) and degeneration (1.5% vs. 6.6%, P < 0.01) were significantly lower than those of non-appropriate group, whereas rate of fertilization (88.7% vs. 69.5, P < 0.001) was significantly higher than those of non-appropriate group, respectively. The rates of blastocyst formation (37.5% vs. 35.3%), good-quality blastocyst (21.3% vs. 18.7%) were all in favor of appropriate group, but not significantly different.
Limitations, reasons for caution
This is a single private fertility clinic study. Its reproducibility should be assessed in different laboratory conditions and the hands of different operators. Moreover, specific studies should be addressed on the effect of the other putative confounders under investigation (e.g. kind of ovulation trigger, patient demographics, culture environment, etc.).
Wider implications of the findings
This study demonstrated that the IPD is useful to identify the optimal puncture location site to prevent UMR on ICSI procedure, resulting in reducing UMR and degeneration of the oocytes and increasing culture results, thereby, generating more embryos available for transfer or cryopreservation.
Trial registration number
not applicable
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O-207 Incidence of Y chromosome microdeletions and microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro TESE) in patients with Japanese azoospermic patients. Hum Reprod 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac105.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
What is the frequency of azoospermia factor (AZF) microdeletions and sperm retrieval rate (SRR) by micro TESE in patients with these deletions?
Summary answer
AZFc is most frequent of Y chromosome microdeletions and a predictor of micro TESE outcome in Japanese azoospermic men.
What is known already
After Klinefelter syndrome, Y chromosome microdeletions are the second most frequent genetic cause of male infertility, with a prevalence of 2%-10% in non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) and three spermatogenesis loci in the Y chromosome long arm (Yq11) have been classified as AZFa, AZFb, and AZFc. The classical correlation of histopathology phenotypes with these three microdeletions comprises of complete absence of germ cells (Sertoli cell-only syndrome) in patients with AZFa microdeletions, maturation arrest of meiosis in patients with AZFb microdeletions, and hypospermatogenesis in patients with AZFc microdeletions, however, individual variation in the extent of deletions has led to various spermatogenic phenotypes.
Study design, size, duration
We performed a retrospective study based on two reproduction centers in Japan and evaluated 1373 azoospermic patients in our clinics between September 2013 and December 2021. We investigated the frequency of AZF microdeletions and SRR by micro TESE in patients with these microdeletions and therefore aimed to evaluate the correlation between AZF microdeletions and micro TESE results.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
A total of 1373 azoospermic were enrolled. After the diagnosis of azoospermia, karyotype analysis and detection of Y chromosome microdeletions were performed on peripheral blood lymphocytes of these patients. Y chromosome microdeletions in AZFa, AZFb, and AZFc regions were detected using Promega Y Chromosome AZF Analysis System version 2.0 (Promega Co.). Twenty sequence-tagged sites within the AZF region of Yq11 and the sex-determining region Y gene were targeted for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification.
Main results and the role of chance
One hundred and fifty-two AZF microdeletions (11.1%) were detected in the azoospermic patients. The most common deleted region was AZFc (60 cases, 4.4%). Among the patients, 17 (1.2%), 1 (0.1%), 42 (3.1%), 13 (1.0%), and 6 (0.5%) had AZFa, AZFa+b, AZFb+c, AZFb, and AZFa+b+c microdeletions, respectively. When the cases were grouped according to causes of infertility that could be detected, no Y chromosome microdeletions were detected in some groups (cases with Klinefelter Syndrome, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, congenital absence of vas deferens, and 47, XYY karyotype). Fifty-three azoospermic men with AZFc microdeletions underwent micro TESE, and spermatozoa were detected in 88.7% (47/53) of these men. In contrast, we detected spermatozoa in only 20.4% (109/534) of the azoospermic men without AZF microdeletions. The SRR was much higher in patients with AZFc microdeletions than that of patients without AZF deletions. Although three azoospermic men with AZFb+c microdeletions had also undergone micro TESE following patient request, we did not retrieve spermatozoa.
Limitations, reasons for caution
We excluded post chemotherapy NOA showing 46, XX and AZFa+b+c deletions post bone marrow transplantation from female donor. Additionally, we did not detect AZFc partial deletion including gr/gr deletion. The cohort size of this study is not small, however, our screened population of infertile men may be biased.
Wider implications of the findings
NOA patients with AZFc microdeletions had a high percentage of successful sperm retrieval by micro TESE. Our study emphasizes that diagnosis of Y chromosome microdeletions is critical for preconception genetic counseling and provides clinically valuable prognostic information to couples considering surgical sperm retrieval.
Trial registration number
None
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IDENTIFICATION OF THE OPTIMAL PUNCTURE POSITION BY A REAL-TIME IMAGE ANALYSIS CAN REDUCE OOCYTE DEGENERATION IN PIEZO-ICSI. Fertil Steril 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.07.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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ASSESSMENT OF TESTICULAR SPERM EXTRACTION (TESE) AND INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION (ICSI) IN COUPLES WITH POST CHEMOTHERAPY NON-OBSTRUCTIVE AZOOSPERMIA (NOA). Fertil Steril 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.07.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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P–032 Assessment of embryonic developmental outcome of direct unequal cleavage in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia and/or obstructive azoospermia. Hum Reprod 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab130.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Does direct unequal cleavage (DC) affect embryonic development after ICSI with testicular sperm (TESE-ICSI) in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) and/or obstructive azoospermia (OA)?
Summary answer
The incidence of DC at the first cleavage (DC1) was extremely high and DC1 negatively affected embryonic development in NOA patients.
What is known already
It has been reported that the blastocyst development of embryos with direct cleavage (DC) was significantly lower than that without DC, but the clinical pregnancy rate after blastocyst transfer was not different with or without DC. The incidence of DC has been reported to be significantly higher after ICSI with testicular sperm (TESE-ICSI) than ICSI with ejaculated sperm (Ej), but to our knowledge, there are few reports investigating that the embryos with DC after TESE-ICSI affect embryonic development.
Study design, size, duration
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using time-lapse incubators (Geri, Genea Biomedx, Australia) from September 2018 to November 2020. Of 1033 two-pronuclear (2PN) embryos from TESE-ICSI, 486 and 547 embryos were from OA (35.9±5.5 years) and NOA (33.7±5.2 years), respectively. As an age matched control, we chose 581 embryos from ICSI using Ej (36.5±4.4 years).
Participants/materials, setting, methods
DC embryos were classified as DC1 (DC at first cleavage), DC2 (DC at second cleavage), and non-DC (without DC). The incidences of DC1 or DC2 and blastocyst development rates were compared among OA, NOA and Ej groups. In TESE-ICSI group, we compared blastocyst development rates with or without DC between good and poor quality embryos on day 3. Good quality embryos were defined as 8 cells with G3 or more by the Veeck’s classification.
Main results and the role of chance
DC1 incidence was significantly higher in NOA (37.3%) than OA (27.8%) and Ej (22.7%) (P < 0.01), whereas DC2 incidence was not statistically different among three groups; NOA (15.7%), OA (15.0%) and Ej (13.4%). Blastocyst development rates in DC1 were 17.8%, 19.5% and 25.8% for NOA, OA and Ej, respectively, which were significantly lower compared to non-DC in corresponding three groups (65.1%, 67.7%, and 68.5%, respectively, P < 0.01). In TESE-ICSI group, good-quality embryo rate on day 3 was significantly lower in DC1 (34.5%, P < 0.01) than DC2 (60.9%) or non-DC (54.2%). Additionally, blastocyst development rates in DC1 and DC2 were significantly lower than non-DC regardless of embryonic grades on day 3 (35.1%, 51.0%, and 81.6% for good-quality embryos on day 3, 10.1%, 27.0%, and 49.1% for poor-quality embryos on day 3, respectively, P < 0.05). When immotile sperm was used for TESE-ICSI, DC1 incidence was 40.0% (6/15), which did not show statistically differences. When performing single frozen-thawed blastocyst transfers, no pregnancies resulted from either DC1 (n = 13) or DC2 (n = 3) embryos in TESE-ICSI group.
Limitations, reasons for caution
We had a few data about the pregnancy rates after blastocyst transfers with DC, because embryos with DC were seldom transferred due to those lower priority. Although DC might be influenced by the sperm, we did not analyze the incidence of DC by taking the semen factors into account.
Wider implications of the findings: The incidence of DC1 was extremely high and DC1 negatively affected embryonic development in NOA patients. Therefore, it is important to observe embryos using time-lapse incubator in order to recognize embryos with/without pregnancy potential, especially for embryos with DC1 in NOA patients.
Trial registration number
Not applicable
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P–019 Sperm parameter and ICSI / IVF outcomes after sperm selection using microfluidic sperm separator and density gradient centrifugation with swim-up in split semen sample. Hum Reprod 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab130.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
To analyze whether microfluidic sperm selection (MSS) by ZyMōt™ improves sperm DNA fragmentation rate and embryonic development compared to density gradient centrifugation with swim-up (DGCS).
Summary answer
MSS by ZyMōt™ selects sperm for clinical use with less DNA damage significantly compared to DGCS.
What is known already
Conventional sperm preparation methods, such as density gradient centrifugation and the swim-up method utilize centrifugation during processing, may damage the sperm. MSS may allow for improved selection of normal sperm compared with conventional sperm preparation as it yields sperm with a lower DNA fragmentation rate. However, there are few clinical studies by sibling oocytes study compared to DGCS.
Study design, size, duration
This prospective study was performed between March 2020 and May 2020 at a reproductive center. All patients involved gave written consent, and institutional review board approval was granted. A total of 575 metaphase II oocytes were collected from 49 cycles. Wife’s age was 34.7 ± 3.9 years old. Raw sperm concentration and motile sperm concentration was 63.1 ± 78.7M/mL, and 41.6 ± 67.7M/mL, respectively.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
Patients who performed ART for the first or second time were divided into two groups according to MSS and DGCS. Sperm DNA fragmentation rate (SDFR) and motile sperm concentration were compered between MSS and DGCS. SDFR was measured by sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) using a flow cytometer. Sibling oocytes were randomized into MSS-IVF, DGCS-IVF, MSS-ICSI, and DGCS-ICSI. Rate of two pronuclear (2PN) oocytes, blastocysts development, and good-quality blastocysts were compared between each group.
Main results and the role of chance
SDFR was 13.5 ± 11.8% for raw semen. SDFR was significantly lower after MSS (3.6 ± 4.1%) than that for raw semen and after DGCS (17.4 ± 14.8%) (P < 0.01). Motile sperm concentration after MSS (19.0 ± 28.3M/mL) was significantly higher after than after DGCS (15.4 ± 15.3M/mL) (P < 0.01). The number of IVF performed was 145 for MSS and 132 for DGCS. IVF results (MSS vs DGCS) were 2PN rate (73.1% vs 72.0%), blastocysts development rate (65.3% vs 55.4%), and good quality blastocysts rate (43.2% vs 34.9%). The number of ICSI performed was 149 for MSS and 149 for DGCS. ICSI results (MSS vs DGCS) were 2PN rate (77.9% vs 79.2%), blastocysts development rate (68.8% vs 65.8%), and good quality blastocysts rate (35.8% vs 30.6%). No significant difference was observed between MSS and DGCS for each parameter both IVF and ICSI.
Limitations, reasons for caution
The participants were limited to those who collected semen of 2mL or more and motile sperm concentration of above 1M/mL, because semen sample needed to be divided to MSS and DGCS.
Wider implications of the findings: This is the first study to conducted in sibling oosytes study with MSS and DGCS, in both IVF and ICSI. MSS is effective in collecting sperm with less DNA damage compared to DGCS. Motile sperm concentration after using MSS is sufficient to perform IVF as well as DGCS.
Trial registration number
Not applicable
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Chromosomal copy number analysis of products of conception by conventional karyotyping and next-generation sequencing. Reprod Med Biol 2021; 20:71-75. [PMID: 33488285 PMCID: PMC7812460 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Chromosomal abnormalities are a major cause of spontaneous abortion, and conventional G-banded karyotyping (G-banding) is mainly utilized for chromosomal analysis. Recently, next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been introduced for chromosomal analysis. Here, we aimed to investigate the applicability and utility of NGS-based chromosomal analysis of products of conception (POC) on chorionic villus samples from spontaneous abortion. METHODS The results of chromosomal analysis of 7 chorionic villus samples from spontaneous abortion were compared between conventional G-banding and NGS-based chromosomal copy number analysis. Age dependency and frequency of each chromosomal aneuploidy were evaluated for 279 cases analyzed by NGS. RESULTS Excluding two cases (culture failure and maternal cell contamination), the results were consistent between G-banding and NGS. For cases analyzed by NGS, the rate of chromosomal abnormality increased in a maternal age-dependent manner. The frequency of each chromosomal aneuploidy detected by NGS was almost the same as that previously reported. Finally, NGS analysis was possible for difficult cases by G-banding analysis, such as culture failure, maternal cell contamination, long-term storage cases, and low cell number. CONCLUSIONS Chromosome analysis using NGS not only obtains comparable results to conventional G-banding, but also can analyze POC more accurately and efficiently.
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Clinical outcomes of microdissection testicular sperm extraction and intracytoplasmic sperm injection in Japanese men with Y chromosome microdeletions. Reprod Med Biol 2020; 19:158-163. [PMID: 32273821 PMCID: PMC7138942 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the clinical results of Japanese men with Y chromosome microdeletions. METHODS This study retrospectively examined 2163 azoospermic or severe oligozoospermic patients. We investigated the frequency of azoospermia factor (AZF) deletions and sperm retrieval rate (SRR) by microTESE in patients with these deletions, then analyzed the ICSI outcomes. RESULTS Azoospermia factor deletions were found in 201 patients. SRR was significantly higher than that of the control group (74.0% vs 20.4%, P < .001). Thirty-three couples underwent ICSI using testicular spermatozoa retrieved by microTESE, and eight couples underwent ICSI using ejaculatory spermatozoa. The fertilization rate and clinical pregnancy rate per embryo transfer cycle were significantly higher in the ejaculatory group than that of the testicular group (66.4% vs 43.7%, P < .001, 53.3% vs 24.7%, P = .03, respectively). When compared with the control group, the fertilization rate was significantly lower in the testicular group with AZFc microdeletions (43.7% vs 53.6%, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights that although microTESE in azoospermic men with AZFc microdeletions led to a higher SRR, ICSI outcomes of these men were worse than that of men without AZF deletions, even if testicular spermatozoa were retrieved.
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Cytogenetic analysis by next generation sequencing disclosed that extremely high euploidy rate of blastocysts derived from monopronuclear embryos with testicular sperm. Fertil Steril 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.07.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sperm retrieval rates and clinical outcomes with testicular sperm extraction in relation to the etiology of azoospermia. Fertil Steril 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.07.847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Myoinositol supplementation on intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcome in Japanese infertile polycystic ovarian syndrome women with non-obese less-androgenic phenotype: a prospective controlled observational study. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 2019. [DOI: 10.12891/ceog4567.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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29. CHROMOSOMAL COPY NUMBER ANALYSIS OF CHORIONIC VILLUS FROM SPONTANEOUS ABORTION BY NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING. Reprod Biomed Online 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2019.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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ALLOGENEIC HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION FOR PRIMARY MEDIASTINAL LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA PATIENTS RELAPSING AFTER HIGH DOSE CHEMOTHERAPY WITH AUTOLOGOUS STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION: DATA FROM THE JAPAN SOCIETY FOR HEMATOPOIETIC CELL TRANSPLANTATION. Hematol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.75_2630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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The assessment of testicular sperm extraction (TESE) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in couples of post chemotherapy non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). Fertil Steril 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.07.841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Clinical outcomes of microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro TESE) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) with the history of cryptorchidism. Fertil Steril 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.07.586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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How many attempts should we undergo ICSI with ejaculated sperm in virtual azoospermic patients? Fertil Steril 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.07.812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes with ejaculated and testicular sperm in patients with cryptozoospermia. Fertil Steril 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.07.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Endometritis: new time, new concepts. Fertil Steril 2018; 110:344-350. [PMID: 29960704 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endometritis is subdivided into two categories. Acute endometritis is symptomatic and characterized by microabscess formation and neutrophil invasion in the endometrial superficial epithelium, gland lumina, and uterine cavity. Chronic endometritis is rather silent and recognized as unusual plasmacyte infiltration in the endometrial stromal areas. Over the last decade, studies have disclosed the potential association between poor reproductive outcomes and endometritis, particularly chronic endometritis. The aim of this review is to address the current literature surrounding chronic endometritis and highlight recent advances in the research of this long-neglected gynecologic disease.
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23
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Utility of the sheath guide specifically designed for transradial approach in carotid artery stenting. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.3685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Clinical features and treatments for nonconvulsive status epileptics following convulsive seizure in the elderly. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.1942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Sperm retrieval rates (SRR) and clinical outcomes after testicular sperm extraction (TESE) in the etiology of azoospermia. Fertil Steril 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.07.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Artificial oocyte activation improves later embryonic development in patients with a history of impaired fertilization. Fertil Steril 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.07.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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High-dose cytarabine added to CY/TBI improves the prognosis of cord blood transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults: a retrospective cohort study. Bone Marrow Transplant 2016; 51:1636-1639. [PMID: 27643870 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2016.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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28
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Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcome using immotile spermatozoa even after pentoxifyllin administration in non-obstructive azoospermic patients. Fertil Steril 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.07.652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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29
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Clinical outcomes of microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro TESE) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in patients with Klinefelter syndrome. Fertil Steril 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.07.846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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Clinical outcomes of testicular sperm extraction (TESE) and embryonic development in patients with post chemotherapy non-obstructive azoospermia. Fertil Steril 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.07.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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Transcriptional activation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor α and GS homeobox 2 resulting from E26 transformation-specific variant 6 translocation in a case of acute myeloid leukemia with t(4;12)(q12;p13). Int J Lab Hematol 2016; 38:e15-8. [PMID: 26728794 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
MESH Headings
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Male
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets/genetics
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Transcriptional Activation
- Translocation, Genetic
- ETS Translocation Variant 6 Protein
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32
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Clinical assessment of microdissection testicular sperm extraction in Japanese patients with Y chromosome microdeletions. Fertil Steril 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.07.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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33
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34
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Effect of artificial oocyte activation in intracytoplasmic sperm injection using testicular spermatozoa on sibling oocytes. Fertil Steril 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.07.993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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35
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Evaluation of the potassium adsorption capacity of a potassium adsorption filter during rapid blood transfusion. Vox Sang 2015; 108:428-31. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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The assessment of fertilization and embryonic development using testicular spermatozoa among presumed histopathology in testicular biopsy from non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). Fertil Steril 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.07.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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37
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Reduced-intensity allogeneic stem cell transplantation for patients aged 50 years or older with B-cell ALL in remission: a retrospective study by the Adult ALL Working Group of the Japan Society for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2013; 48:1513-8. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2013.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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38
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Investigatin of a Disseminated Varicella in Lymphomapatient Treated with Rituximab Combined Chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(20)32536-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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39
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QUALITY AND SAFETY OF ART THERAPIES. Hum Reprod 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/27.s2.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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40
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41
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Pre-transplant imatinib-based therapy improves the outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for BCR-ABL-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2010; 25:41-7. [PMID: 20944676 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2010.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A high complete remission (CR) rate has been reported in newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ALL) following imatinib-based therapy. However, the overall effect of imatinib on the outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is undetermined. Between 2002 and 2005, 100 newly diagnosed adult patients with Ph+ALL were registered to a phase II study of imatinib-combined chemotherapy (Japan Adult Leukemia Study Group Ph+ALL202 study) and 97 patients achieved CR. We compared clinical outcomes of 51 patients who received allo-HSCT in their first CR (imatinib cohort) with those of 122 historical control patients in the pre-imatinib era (pre-imatinib cohort). The probability of overall survival at 3 years after allo-HSCT was 65% (95% confidence interval (CI), 49-78%) for the imatinib cohort and 44% (95% CI, 35-52%) for the pre-imatinib cohort. Multivariate analysis confirmed that this difference was statistically significant (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.44, P=0.005). Favorable outcomes of the imatinib cohort were also observed for disease-free survival (P=0.007) and relapse (P=0.002), but not for non-relapse mortality (P=0.265). Imatinib-based therapy is a potentially useful strategy for newly diagnosed patients with Ph+ALL, not only providing them more chance to receive allo-HSCT, but also improving the outcome of allo-HSCT.
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42
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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies of the epitaxial and polycrystalline Tin oxide films prepared by the excimer laser-assisted metal organic deposition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/59/1/048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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43
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Low-temperature growth of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 thin films on LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 substrates by an excimer laser metal organic deposition (ELMOD) process. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2004.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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44
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Cytomegalovirus antigenemia and outcome of patients treated with pre-emptive ganciclovir: retrospective analysis of 241 consecutive patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2004; 32:801-7. [PMID: 14520425 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
CMV disease remains a major infectious complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). To investigate the relationship between CMV antigenemia, treatment with ganciclovir (GCV), and outcome, we retrospectively analyzed 241 consecutive patients at risk for CMV infection who underwent allogeneic HSCT. Antigenemia-guided pre-emptive strategy with GCV was used for all patients. CMV antigenemia developed in 169 patients (70.1%), and CMV disease in 18 patients (7.5%). Multivariate analysis showed that acute GVHD (grades II-IV) was the only risk factor for developing antigenemia, and acute GVHD and advanced age for CMV disease. GCV use, as well as acute GVHD and advanced age, significantly increased the risk for bacterial and fungal infection after engraftment. Those who developed CMV antigenemia had a poorer outcome than those who did not (log-rank, P=0.0269), although the development of CMV disease worsened the outcome with only borderline significance (log-rank, P=0.0526). In conclusion, detection of antigenemia proved to be a poor prognostic factor for HSCT patients, which may be attributed to a combination of factors, including CMV disease itself, the effect of treatment, and a host status that allows for reactivation of CMV. Optimal pre-emptive strategy needs to be determined.
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45
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Existence of two molecular species of collagen in the muscle layer of the ascidian (Halocynthia roretzi). Food Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0308-8146(02)00167-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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46
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Induction therapy by frequent administration of doxorubicin with four other drugs, followed by intensive consolidation and maintenance therapy for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: the JALSG-ALL93 study. Leukemia 2002; 16:1259-66. [PMID: 12094249 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2001] [Accepted: 02/20/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In order to improve the disappointing prognosis of adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), we applied similar induction therapy as that used for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), ie frequent administration of doxorubicin (DOX). DOX 30 mg/m(2) was administered from days 1 to 3 and from days 8 to 10 together with vincristine, prednisolone, cyclophosphamide and L-asparaginase, followed by three courses of consolidation and four courses of intensification. From December 1993 to February 1997, 285 untreated adult patients with de novo ALL were entered. Of 263 evaluable patients (age 15 to 59; median 31), 205 (78%) obtained complete remission (CR). At a median follow-up period of 63 months, the predicted 6-year overall survival (OS) rate of all patients was 33%, and disease-free survival (DFS) rate of CR patients was 30%, respectively. By multivariate analysis, favorable prognostic factors for the achievement of CR were age <40 and WBC <50 000/microl; for longer OS were age <30 and WBC <30 000/microl; and for longer DFS of CR patients were FAB L1 and ALT <50 IU/l. Among 229 patients who had adequate cytogenetic data, 51 (22%) had Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome. Ph-negative chromosome was a common favorable prognostic factor for CR, longer OS and DFS. DFS was not different between early sequential intensification (n = 48) and intermittent intensification (n = 43) during the maintenance phase. Among CR patients under 40 years old, the 6-year survival was not different between the allocated related allo-BMT group (34 patients) and the allocated chemotherapy group (108 patients). However, among patients with Ph-positive ALL, the survival of patients who actually received allo-BMT was superior to that of patients who received chemotherapy (P = 0.046).
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Maternal origin of a unique extra chromosome, der(9)(pter-->q13::q13-->q12:) in a girl with typical trisomy 9p syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2001; 102:25-8. [PMID: 11471168 DOI: 10.1002/1096-8628(20010722)102:1<25::aid-ajmg1399>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We report on a girl with the typical trisomy 9p syndrome who had an additional E-sized metacentric chromosome. On the basis of GTG- and CBG-banding, her karyotype was considered to be 47,XX,+der(9)(pter-->q13::q13-->q12:) de novo. Results of a fluorescence in situ hybridization study using a chromosome 9-specific painting probe were compatible with this cytogenetic interpretation. Molecular analyses of six highly polymorphic dinucleotide repeat loci on the short arm and the proximal long arm of chromosome 9 demonstrated that the girl inherited one allele from her father and two identical or different alleles from the mother. We speculated that the extra chromosome may have resulted from either nondisjunction of chromosome 9 followed by a U-type exchange and a crossing-over between different sister chromatids during maternal meiosis I and subsequent breakage and malsegregation during meiosis II, or nondisjunction during meiosis II followed by isochromosome formation in one of the two maternal chromosomes 9 and subsequent breakage.
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[Intestinal permeability in Crohn's disease and effects of elemental dietary therapy]. NIHON SHOKAKIBYO GAKKAI ZASSHI = THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF GASTRO-ENTEROLOGY 2001; 98:636-43. [PMID: 11436280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Enteral intake of non-metabolic monosacharide and disaccharide, followed by measurement of the urinary excretion ratio of the two, is a method used to investigate intestinal permeability. L/R ratio (lactulose/1-rhamnose urinary excretion ratio) is considered an indicator of permeability of the small intestine. An increased L/R ratio is caused by mucosal disorders of the small intestine. The L/R ratio in all patients (n = 92) with Crohn's disease was 0.079 +/- 0.081 (mean +/- S.D.), which was significantly higher than the value in normal controls (0.027 +/- 0.009, n = 20, p < 0.05). In 39 patients with Crohn's disease, we assessed intestinal permeability before after treatment with an elemental diet, and during remission. The L/R ratio was 0.120 +/- 0.092, before treatment and 0.065 +/- 0.097 after treatment (p < 0.05), showing increased intestinal permeability before elemental dietary treatment. During remission, the L/R ratio was 0.035 +/- 0.028; this did not differ significantly from the value obtained after treatment. We conclude that intestinal permeability is useful for investigating disease activity in patients with Crohn's disease.
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50
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Chemical and Histological Characterization of Raw Muscle from Soft and Hard Crabs of Snow Crab Chionoecetes opilio. J Food Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2001.tb11324.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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