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Sakurai M, Yoshita K, Nakamura K, Miura K, Takamura T, Nagasawa SY, Morikawa Y, Kido T, Naruse Y, Nogawa K, Suwazono Y, Sasaki S, Ishizaki M, Nakagawa H. Skipping breakfast and 5-year changes in body mass index and waist circumference in Japanese men and women. Obes Sci Pract 2017; 3:162-170. [PMID: 28702211 PMCID: PMC5478803 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the relationship between frequency of skipping breakfast and annual changes in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). METHODS The participants were 4,430 factory employees. BMI and WC were measured repeatedly at annual medical examinations over a 5-year period. The association between frequency of skipping breakfast at the baseline examination and annual changes in anthropometric indices was evaluated using the generalized estimating equation method. RESULTS The mean (standard deviation) BMI was 23.3 (3.0) kg m-2 for men and 21.9 (3.6) kg m-2 for women; and the mean WC was 82.6 (8.7) cm for men and 77.8 (9.8) cm for women. During the follow-up period, mean BMI increased by 0.2 kg m-2 for men and women, and mean WC increased by 1.1 cm for men and 1.0 cm for women. The annual change in the BMI of men who skipped breakfast four to six times per week was 0.061 kg m-2 higher, and that of those who skipped breakfast seven times per week was 0.046 kg m-2 higher, compared with those who did not skip breakfast. Annual changes in the WC of male participants who skipped breakfast seven times per week was 0.248 cm higher than that of those who did not skip breakfast. Skipping breakfast was not associated with changes in BMI or WC in women. CONCLUSIONS Skipping breakfast was closely associated with annual changes in BMI and WC among men, and eating breakfast more than four times per week may prevent the excessive body weight gain associated with skipping breakfast.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sakurai
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine Kanazawa Medical University Uchinada Japan.,Health Evaluation Center Kanazawa Medical University Hospital Uchinada Japan
| | - K Yoshita
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Life Science Osaka City University Osaka Japan
| | - K Nakamura
- Department of Public Health Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Sapporo Japan
| | - K Miura
- Department of Health Science Shiga University of Medical Science Otsu Japan
| | - T Takamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science Kanazawa Japan
| | - S Y Nagasawa
- Health Evaluation Center Kanazawa Medical University Hospital Uchinada Japan.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Kanazawa Medical University Uchinada Japan
| | - Y Morikawa
- Department of Medical Science, School of Nursing Kanazawa Medical University Uchinada Japan
| | - T Kido
- School of Health Sciences, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences Kanazawa University Kanazawa Japan
| | - Y Naruse
- Department of Social Welfare Toyama College of Welfare ScienceImizu Japan
| | - K Nogawa
- Department of Occupation and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University Chiba Japan
| | - Y Suwazono
- Department of Occupation and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University Chiba Japan
| | - S Sasaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - M Ishizaki
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine Kanazawa Medical University Uchinada Japan.,Health Evaluation Center Kanazawa Medical University Hospital Uchinada Japan
| | - H Nakagawa
- Medical Research Institute Kanazawa Medical University Uchinada Japan
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Nakamura K, Sakurai M, Morikawa Y, Nagasawa SY, Miura K, Ishizaki M, Kido T, Naruse Y, Nakashima M, Nogawa K, Suwazono Y, Nakagawa H. Serum Ferritin, Insulin Resistance, and β-cell Dysfunction: A Prospective Study in Normoglycemic Japanese Men. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2016; 125:12-20. [PMID: 27750351 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-118175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The present cohort study investigated the relationship between serum ferritin levels and indices of insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction in a normoglycemic population without iron overload disorders. Methods: The study participants included 575 normoglycemic Japanese men aged 35-57 years with serum ferritin levels of 400 μg/L or less. Insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction were estimated at baseline and after 3 years by the homeostasis model assessments of insulin resistance and β-cell function (HOMA-IR and HOMA-β, respectively). To compare the subsequent changes in HOMA-IR and HOMA-β over a 3-year follow-up period among 3 groups based on tertiles of baseline serum ferritin levels (4.9-87.1, 87.2-140.5, and 140.6-396.8 μg/L), the geometric mean HOMA-IR and HOMA-β values at year 3 were calculated for each group using analysis of covariance, incorporating the respective log-transformed parameters at baseline in addition to age, body mass index and major confounding factors. Results: The multivariate-adjusted geometric mean HOMA-IR at year 3 was significantly higher in those in the highest and middle serum ferritin tertiles (1.24 and 1.22, respectively), compared with the lowest tertile (1.07) (p=0.009). When the total study participants were stratified by median body mass index (22.72 kg/m2), similar positive relationships were observed between serum ferritin levels and HOMA-IR for both obese and non-obese participants. However, the adjusted geometric mean HOMA-β at year 3 was similar among the 3 serum ferritin groups. Conclusions: Elevated serum ferritin levels predicted a subsequent increase in HOMA-IR in normoglycemic Japanese men without iron overload disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koshi Nakamura
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaru Sakurai
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Yuko Morikawa
- School of Nursing, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Shin-Ya Nagasawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Public Health, and Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Masao Ishizaki
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Kido
- School of Health Sciences, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yuchi Naruse
- Department of Social Walfare, Toyama College of Welfare Science, Imizu, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Nogawa
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasushi Suwazono
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nakagawa
- Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
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Sakurai M, Kobayashi J, Takeda Y, Nagasawa SY, Yamakawa J, Moriya J, Mabuchi H, Nakagawa H. Sex Differences in Associations Among Obesity, Metabolic Abnormalities, and Chronic Kidney Disease in Japanese Men and Women. J Epidemiol 2016; 26:440-6. [PMID: 27087606 PMCID: PMC4967665 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20150208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The present study aimed to investigate relationships among abdominal obesity, metabolic abnormalities, and the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in relatively lean Japanese men and women. Participants and methods The participants included 8133 men and 15 934 women between 40 and 75 years of age recruited from the government health check-up center in Kanazawa City, Japan. The prevalence of abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and high fasting plasma glucose levels were assessed according to the Japanese criteria for metabolic syndrome. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the modified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation for the Japanese population, and participants with an eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and/or proteinuria were diagnosed with CKD. Results Overall, 23% of males and 14% of females met criteria for CKD. Having more numerous complicated metabolic abnormalities was significantly associated with a higher odds ratio (OR) of CKD for men and women, irrespective of abdominal obesity. However, there was a sex difference in the OR of CKD for obese participants without metabolic abnormalities, such that abdominal obesity without metabolic abnormalities was significantly associated with a higher OR for men (multivariate-adjusted OR 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16–2.28) but not for women (OR 1.01; 95% CI, 0.71–1.44). Conclusions The present findings demonstrated that obesity without metabolic abnormalities was associated with a higher risk of CKD in men but not women in a relatively lean Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Sakurai
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University
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Li Y, Iso H, Cui R, Murakami Y, Yatsuya H, Miura K, Nagasawa SY, Ueshima H, Okamura T. Serum γ-glutamyltransferase and Mortality due to Cardiovascular Disease in Japanese Men and Women. J Atheroscler Thromb 2016; 23:792-9. [PMID: 26875518 DOI: 10.5551/jat.32698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Whether the association between serum γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GTP) levels and total cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality is independent of alcohol drinking in East Asian populations is not well known. We conducted a pooled analysis of Japanese men and women that enabled an analysis restricted to never-drinkers. METHODS A total of 15,987 men and 25,053 women aged 40-79 years, pooled from seven cohort studies throughout Japan, were followed-up to examine sex-specific relationship between serum γ-GTP levels and total CVD mortality. Cox regression model was used that was adjusted for age, smoking status, body mass index, and systolic blood pressure and serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase levels. RESULTS During an average follow-up of 8.7 years, we documented 361 and 340 deaths from total CVD, 146 and 168 from stroke, and 101 and 53 from coronary heart disease (CHD) for men and women, respectively. Among the never-drinkers, hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality for one standard deviation of log-γ-GTP for men were 1.89 (1.00-3.58) for stroke, 1.04 (0.57-1.90) for CHD, and 1.43 (1.04-1.96) for total CVD. For women, HRs were 1.28 (1.06-1.54), 1.81 (1.34-2.44), and 1.30 (1.14-1.49), respectively. CONCLUSION γ-GTP may be a risk factor for total CVD mortality independent of alcohol drinking status in Japanese men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanying Li
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
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Takamatsu Y, Hagino Y, Sato A, Takahashi T, Nagasawa SY, Kubo Y, Mizuguchi M, Uhl GR, Sora I, Ikeda K. Improvement of learning and increase in dopamine level in the frontal cortex by methylphenidate in mice lacking dopamine transporter. Curr Mol Med 2016; 15:245-52. [PMID: 25817856 PMCID: PMC5384353 DOI: 10.2174/1566524015666150330144018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are characterized by inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity. It is a common childhood neurodevelopmental disorder that often persists into adulthood. Improvements in ADHD symptoms using psychostimulants have been recognized as a paradoxical calming effect. The psychostimulant methylphenidate (MPH) is currently used as the first-line medication for the management of ADHD. Recent studies have drawn attention to altered dopamine-mediated neurotransmission in ADHD, particularly reuptake by the dopamine transporter (DAT). This hypothesis is supported by the observation that DAT knockout mice exhibit marked hyperactivity that is responsive to acute MPH treatment. However, other behaviors relevant to ADHD have not been fully clarified. In the present study, we observed learning impairment in shuttle-box avoidance behavior together with hyperactivity in a novel environment in DAT knockout mice. Methylphenidate normalized these behaviors and enhanced escape activity in the tail suspension test. Interestingly, the effective dose of MPH increased extracellular dopamine in the prefrontal cortex but not striatum, suggesting an important role for changes in prefrontal dopamine in ADHD. Research that uses rodent models such as DAT knockout mice may be useful for elucidating the pathophysiology of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - K Ikeda
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
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Sakurai M, Nakamura K, Miura K, Takamura T, Yoshita K, Nagasawa SY, Morikawa Y, Ishizaki M, Kido T, Naruse Y, Nakashima M, Nogawa K, Suwazono Y, Sasaki S, Nakagawa H. Dietary carbohydrate intake, presence of obesity and the incident risk of type 2 diabetes in Japanese men. J Diabetes Investig 2015; 7:343-51. [PMID: 27330720 PMCID: PMC4847888 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction The present cohort study assessed the risk among Japanese men for developing type 2 diabetes, based on the percentage of energy intake from carbohydrates and degree of obesity. Participants and Methods The participants were 2,006 male factory employees, and the macronutrient intake of each patient was measured using a self‐administered diet history questionnaire. The incidence of diabetes was determined in annual blood examinations over a 10‐year period. Results During the study, 232 participants developed diabetes. The crude incidence rates (/1,000 person‐years) for different levels of carbohydrate intake as a percentage of calories consumed (<50.0, 50.0–57.4, 57.5–65.0, >65.0% of energy intake) were 16.5, 14.4, 12.7 and 17.6. Overall, carbohydrate intake was not associated with the risk of diabetes. However, there was significant interaction between carbohydrate intake and degree of obesity on the incidence of diabetes (P for interaction = 0.024). Higher carbohydrate intake was associated with elevated risk for diabetes among participants with a body mass index ≥25.0 kg/m2 (P for trend = 0.034). For obese participants, the multivariate‐adjusted hazard ratio for those with carbohydrate intakes >65% energy was 2.01 (95% confidence interval 1.08–3.71), which was significantly higher than that of participants with carbohydrate intakes 50.0–57.4% energy. Conclusions Higher carbohydrate intake was associated with higher risk of diabetes in obese participants, but not in non‐obese participants. Obese participants with carbohydrate intakes >65% energy should reduce their intakes to levels within the desirable carbohydrate energy proportion for Japanese (50–65% energy) to prevent development of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Sakurai
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Kanazawa Medical University Ishikawa Japan
| | - Koshi Nakamura
- Department of Public Health Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Sapporo Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Health Science Shiga University of Medical Science Otsu Japan
| | - Toshinari Takamura
- Department of Disease Control and Homeostasis Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science Kanazawa Japan
| | - Katsushi Yoshita
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition Graduate School of Human Life Science Osaka City University Osaka Japan
| | - Shin-Ya Nagasawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Kanazawa Medical University Ishikawa Japan
| | - Yuko Morikawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Kanazawa Medical University Ishikawa Japan
| | - Masao Ishizaki
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine Kanazawa Medical University Ishikawa Japan
| | - Teruhiko Kido
- School of Health Sciences College of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences Kanazawa University Kanazawa Japan
| | - Yuchi Naruse
- Department of Human Science and Fundamental Nursing Toyama University Toyama Japan
| | - Motoko Nakashima
- Department of Community Health Nursing Kanazawa Medical University Ishikawa Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nogawa
- Department of Occupation and Environmental Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University Chiba Japan
| | - Yasushi Suwazono
- Department of Occupation and Environmental Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University Chiba Japan
| | - Satoshi Sasaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology School of Public Health The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Hideaki Nakagawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Kanazawa Medical University Ishikawa Japan
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Sakurai M, Nakamura K, Miura K, Takamura T, Yoshita K, Nagasawa SY, Morikawa Y, Ishizaki M, Kido T, Naruse Y, Suwazono Y, Sasaki S, Nakagawa H. Sugar-sweetened beverage and diet soda consumption and the 7-year risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle-aged Japanese men. Eur J Nutr 2015; 53:1137-8. [PMID: 24633756 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0681-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Sakurai
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan,
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Nakamura K, Sakurai M, Miura K, Morikawa Y, Nagasawa SY, Ishizaki M, Kido T, Naruse Y, Nakashima M, Nogawa K, Suwazono Y, Nakagawa H. HOMA-IR and the risk of hyperuricemia: a prospective study in non-diabetic Japanese men. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2014; 106:154-60. [PMID: 25112919 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the relation of insulin resistant status determined by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) with the risk of incident hyperuricemia. METHODS The study participants included 2071 Japanese men without hyperuricemia and diabetes, aged 35-54 years. The participants had undergone annual heath examinations for 6 years to compare incident hyperuricemia (serum uric acid >416.4μmol/L (7.0mg/dL) and/or taking medication for hyperuricemia) in four groups based on quartiles of baseline HOMA-IR. RESULTS During follow-up there were 331 incident cases of hyperuricemia. The hazard ratios for hyperuricemia, compared with HOMA-IR ≤0.66, were 1.42 (95% confidence interval 1.02-1.98) for HOMA-IR 0.67-0.98, 1.20 (0.86-1.68) for HOMA-IR 0.99-1.49 and 1.44 (1.04-1.98) for HOMA-IR ≥1.50 after adjustment for baseline serum uric acid, creatinine, hypercholesterolemia and hypertension status, age, alcohol intake, and smoking and exercise habits. The hazard ratio associated with an increase of one standard deviation in lnHOMA-IR (1.85 as one geometric standard deviation of HOMA-IR) was 1.14 (1.03-1.28) (p for trend=0.02). CONCLUSIONS Increased HOMA-IR independently predicted the subsequent development of hyperuricemia. Insulin resistance itself or compensatory hyperinsulinemia may contribute to the development of hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koshi Nakamura
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
| | - Masaru Sakurai
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Public Health, and Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Yuko Morikawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Shin-Ya Nagasawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Masao Ishizaki
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Kido
- School of Health Sciences, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yuchi Naruse
- Department of Human Science and Fundamental Nursing, Toyama University School of Nursing, Toyama, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Nogawa
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasushi Suwazono
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nakagawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
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Nakamura K, Sakurai M, Miura K, Morikawa Y, Nagasawa SY, Ishizaki M, Kido T, Naruse Y, Nakashima M, Nogawa K, Suwazono Y, Nakagawa H. Overall sleep status and high sensitivity C-reactive protein: a prospective study in Japanese factory workers. J Sleep Res 2014; 23:717-727. [PMID: 25088824 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the relation between overall sleep status based on the modified Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) global score and subsequent changes in serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in a population of Japanese factory workers, who were predominantly female. A total of 991 Japanese with inflammation classified as low cardiovascular risk (baseline hsCRP < 1.0 mg L(-1) ) were grouped according to the presence or absence of unfavourable sleep, defined as a modified PSQI global score > 5.5 points. The subsequent changes in hsCRP after 3 years were then compared in the two groups. Analysis of covariance incorporating log-transformed baseline hsCRP, age, sex, lifestyle and physical and biochemical profiles was used to compare the geometric means of hsCRP at year 3 in each sleep status group. A logistic regression model incorporating the same variables was used to calculate the odds ratios for development of inflammation with a medium-to-high cardiovascular risk (hsCRP at year 3 ≥ 1.0 mg L(-1) ) comparing the presence or absence of unfavourable sleep habits. The multivariate-adjusted geometric mean of hsCRP at year 3 was significantly higher in subjects with unfavourable sleep habits compared with those with a normal pattern (0.275 versus 0.242 mg L(-1) ). The multivariate-adjusted odds ratio for developing increased and potentially pathogenic levels of inflammation due to unfavourable sleep was 2.08 (95% confidence interval = 1.29-3.35). There was a significant linear trend for the development of increased inflammation across the modified PSQI global scores (P = 0.04). Unfavourable sleep is associated with activation of low-grade systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koshi Nakamura
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Masaru Sakurai
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Public Health, Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Yuko Morikawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Shin-Ya Nagasawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Masao Ishizaki
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Kido
- School of Health Sciences, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yuchi Naruse
- Department of Human Science and Fundamental Nursing, Toyama University School of Nursing, Toyama, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Nogawa
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasushi Suwazono
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nakagawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
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Miyagawa N, Miura K, Okuda N, Kadowaki T, Takashima N, Nagasawa SY, Nakamura Y, Matsumura Y, Hozawa A, Fujiyoshi A, Hisamatsu T, Yoshita K, Sekikawa A, Ohkubo T, Abbott RD, Okamura T, Okayama A, Ueshima H. Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids intake and cardiovascular disease mortality risk in Japanese: a 24-year follow-up of NIPPON DATA80. Atherosclerosis 2013; 232:384-9. [PMID: 24468152 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary intake of long-chain n-3 PUFA (LCn3FA) among Japanese is generally higher than that in Western populations. However, little is known whether an inverse association of LCn3FA with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk exists in a population with higher LCn3FA intake. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between LCn3FA intake and the long-term risk of CVDs in a Japanese general population. METHODS We followed-up a total of 9190 individuals (56.2% women, mean age 50.0 years) randomly selected from 300 areas across Japan and free from CVDs at baseline. Dietary LCn3FA intake was estimated using household weighed food records. Cox models were used to calculate multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and confidence intervals (CI) according to sex specific quartiles of LCn3FA intake. RESULTS During 24-year follow-up (192,897 person-years), 879 cardiovascular deaths were observed. The median daily intake of LCn3FA was 0.37% kcal (0.86 g/day). Adjusted HR for CVD mortality was lower in the highest quartile of LCn3FA intake (HR 0.80; 95% CI 0.66-0.96) compared with the lowest quartile, and the trend was statistically significant (P = 0.038). The similar but statistically non-significant trends were observed for coronary heart disease death and stroke death. In analyses by age groups, the inverse associations of LCn3FA intake with the risk of total CVD death and stroke death were significant in younger individuals (30-59 years at baseline). CONCLUSION LCn3FA intake was inversely and independently associated the long-term risk of total CVD mortality in a representative sample of Japanese with high LCn3FA intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Miyagawa
- Department of Health Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Health Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan; Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Nagako Okuda
- Section of the National Health and Nutrition Survey, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kadowaki
- Department of Health Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Takashima
- Department of Health Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Shin-Ya Nagasawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Atsushi Hozawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akira Fujiyoshi
- Department of Health Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Takashi Hisamatsu
- Department of Health Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan; Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Katsushi Yoshita
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Sekikawa
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Takayoshi Ohkubo
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robert D Abbott
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Tomonori Okamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Okayama
- The First Institute for Health Promotion and Health Care, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Ueshima
- Department of Health Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan; Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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11
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Sakurai M, Nakamura K, Miura K, Takamura T, Yoshita K, Nagasawa SY, Morikawa Y, Ishizaki M, Kido T, Naruse Y, Suwazono Y, Sasaki S, Nakagawa H. Sugar-sweetened beverage and diet soda consumption and the 7-year risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle-aged Japanese men. Eur J Nutr 2013; 53:251-8. [PMID: 23575771 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0523-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This cohort study investigated the association between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) and diet soda consumption and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in Japanese men. METHODS The participants were 2,037 employees of a factory in Japan. We measured consumption of SSB and diet soda using a self-administered diet history questionnaire. The incidence of diabetes was determined in annual medical examinations over a 7-year period. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for diabetes were estimated after adjusting for age, body mass index, family history, and dietary and other lifestyle factors. RESULTS During the study, 170 participants developed diabetes. The crude incidence rates (/1,000 person-years) across participants who were rare/never SSB consumers, <1 serving/week, ≥ 1 serving/week and <1 serving/day, and ≥ 1 serving/day were 15.5, 12.7, 14.9, and 17.4, respectively. The multivariate-adjusted HR compared to rare/never SSB consumers was 1.35 (95 % CI 0.80-2.27) for participants who consumed ≥ 1 serving/day SSB. Diet soda consumption was significantly associated with the incident risk of diabetes (P for trend = 0.013), and multivariate-adjusted HRs compared to rare/never diet soda consumers were 1.05 (0.62-1.78) and 1.70 (1.13-2.55), respectively, for participants who consumed <1 serving/week and ≥ 1 serving/week. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of diet soda was significantly associated with an increased risk for diabetes in Japanese men. Diet soda is not always effective at preventing type 2 diabetes even though it is a zero-calorie drink.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sakurai
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan,
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12
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Morikawa Y, Sakurai M, Nakamura K, Nagasawa SY, Ishizaki M, Kido T, Naruse Y, Nakagawa H. Correlation between Shift-work-related Sleep Problems and Heavy Drinking in Japanese Male Factory Workers. Alcohol Alcohol 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/ags128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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13
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Fujiyoshi A, Ohkubo T, Miura K, Murakami Y, Nagasawa SY, Okamura T, Ueshima H. Blood pressure categories and long-term risk of cardiovascular disease according to age group in Japanese men and women. Hypertens Res 2012; 35:947-53. [PMID: 22739419 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2012.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Blood pressure (BP) categories defined by systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) are commonly used. However, the BP category-specific risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has not been thoroughly investigated in different age groups. The aim of this study was to assess long-term CVD risk and its impact according to BP categories and age group. Pooling individual data from 10 cohorts, we studied 67 309 Japanese individuals (40-89 years old) who were free of CVD at baseline: we categorized them as belonging to three age groups: 'middle-aged' (40-64 years), 'elderly' (65-74 years) and 'very elderly' (75-89 years). BP was classified according to the 2009 Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines. Cox models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios for CVD deaths. We observed 1944 CVD deaths over a mean follow-up of 10.2 years. In all age groups, the overall relationship between BP category and CVD risk was positive, with a greater strength observed for younger age groups. We observed a trend of increased risk from SBP/DBP ≥ 130/85 mm Hg in the very elderly, and a significant increase from SBP/DBP ≥ 120/80 mm Hg in the other age groups. The population attributable fractions (PAFs) of CVD death in reference to the SBP/DBP<120/80 mm Hg category ranged from 23.4% in the very elderly to 60.3% in the middle-aged. We found an overall graded increase in CVD risk with higher BP category in the very elderly. The PAFs suggest that keeping BP levels low is an important strategy for primary CVD prevention, even in an elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Fujiyoshi
- Department of Health Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
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14
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Ueda K, Nagasawa SY, Nitta H, Miura K, Ueshima H. Exposure to particulate matter and long-term risk of cardiovascular mortality in Japan: NIPPON DATA80. J Atheroscler Thromb 2011; 19:246-54. [PMID: 22075540 DOI: 10.5551/jat.9506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM It remains uncertain whether chronic exposure to particulate air pollution is associated with increased mortality in Japan because Japan has a different distribution pattern of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors compared to Western countries. We investigated the association between long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) and cardiovascular mortality risk using a representative Japanese cohort. METHODS A total of 7,250 participants aged 30 years and older from 232 districts throughout Japan were followed from 1980 to 2004. We linked the averaged annual concentrations of PM from 1985 to 2004 to each cohort participant who resided in the district at the time of the baseline survey. Study participants were divided into quintiles of average PM concentration. We applied the Cox proportional hazard model adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, blood pressure, total cholesterol, blood glucose, smoking categories, drinking categories, and the municipality population size. RESULTS During follow-up, there were 1,716 deaths from all causes; 571 from cardiovascular disease, 116 from coronary heart disease, and 250 from stroke. Hazard ratios were not different among the quintiles and those for trend per 10 µg/m3 increase in annual PM concentration were 0.98 (95% confidence interval, 0.92-1.04) for all-cause mortality and 0.90 (95% confidence interval, 0.81-1.00) for cardiovascular mortality. CONCLUSION Long-term exposure to PM was not associated with increased cardiovascular mortality risk in this population-based cohort in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Ueda
- Environmental Epidemiology Section, Environmental Health Sciences Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tbaraki, Japan.
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15
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Rumana N, Turin TC, Miura K, Nakamura Y, Kita Y, Hayakawa T, Choudhury SR, Kadota A, Nagasawa SY, Fujioshi A, Takashima N, Okamura T, Okayama A, Ueshima H. Prognostic value of ST-T abnormalities and left high R waves with cardiovascular mortality in Japanese (24-year follow-up of NIPPON DATA80). Am J Cardiol 2011; 107:1718-24. [PMID: 21497783 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.02.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the prognostic value of ST-segment depression and/or T wave (ST-T abnormalities) with or without left high R waves on electrocardiogram recorded at rest for death from cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Asian populations. Japanese participants without a history of CVD and free of major electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities were followed for 24 years. Subjects were divided into 4 groups based on baseline ECG findings: isolated left high R waves, isolated ST-T abnormalities, ST-T abnormalities with left high R waves, and normal electrocardiogram. Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate risk of CVD mortality in groups with ECG abnormalities compared to the normal group. Of 8,572 participants (44.4% men, mean age 49.5 years; 55.6% women, mean age 49.4 years), 1,142 had isolated left high R waves, 292 had isolated ST-T abnormalities, and 128 had ST-T abnormalities with left high R waves at baseline. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios of ST-T abnormalities with left high R waves for CVD mortality were 1.95 (95% confidence interval 1.25 to 3.04) in men and 2.68 (95% confidence interval 1.81 to 3.97) in women. Isolated ST-T abnormalities increased the risk for CVD death by 1.66 times (95% confidence interval 1.01 to 2.71) in men and 1.62 times (95% confidence interval 1.18 to 2.24) in women. Association of ECG abnormalities with CVD mortality was independent of age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol, blood glucose, smoking and drinking, and antihypertensive medication. In conclusion, ST-T abnormalities with or without left high R waves on electrocardiogram recorded at rest constitute an independent predictor of CVD mortality in Japanese men and women.
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Takashima N, Miura K, Hozawa A, Kadota A, Okamura T, Nakamura Y, Hayakawa T, Okuda N, Fujiyoshi A, Nagasawa SY, Kadowaki T, Murakami Y, Kita Y, Okayama A, Ueshima H. Population attributable fraction of smoking and metabolic syndrome on cardiovascular disease mortality in Japan: a 15-year follow up of NIPPON DATA90. BMC Public Health 2010; 10:306. [PMID: 20525280 PMCID: PMC2894774 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Smoking and metabolic syndrome are known to be related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk. In Asian countries, prevalence of obesity has increased and smoking rate in men is still high. We investigated the attribution of the combination of smoking and metabolic syndrome (or obesity) to excess CVD deaths in Japan. Methods A cohort of nationwide representative Japanese samples, a total of 6650 men and women aged 30-70 at baseline without history of CVD was followed for 15 years. Multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio for CVD death according to the combination of smoking status and metabolic syndrome (or obesity) was calculated using Cox proportional hazard model. Population attributable fraction (PAF) of CVD deaths was calculated using the hazard ratios. Results During the follow-up period, 87 men and 61 women died due to CVD. The PAF component of CVD deaths in non-obese smokers was 36.8% in men and 11.3% in women, which were higher than those in obese smokers (9.1% in men and 5.2% in women). The PAF component of CVD deaths in smokers without metabolic syndrome was 40.9% in men and 11.9% in women, which were also higher than those in smokers with metabolic syndrome (7.1% in men and 3.9% in women). Conclusion Our results indicated that a large proportion of excess CVD deaths was observed in smokers without metabolic syndrome or obesity, especially in men. These findings suggest that intervention targeting on smokers, irrespective of the presence of metabolic syndrome, is still important for the prevention of CVD in Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Takashima
- Department of Health Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
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