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Kahlbow J, Aumann T, Sorlin O, Kondo Y, Nakamura T, Nowacki F, Revel A, Achouri NL, Al Falou H, Atar L, Baba H, Boretzky K, Caesar C, Calvet D, Chae H, Chiga N, Corsi A, Delaunay F, Delbart A, Deshayes Q, Dombrádi Z, Douma CA, Elekes Z, Gašparić I, Gheller JM, Gibelin J, Gillibert A, Harakeh MN, Hirayama A, Holl M, Horvat A, Horváth Á, Hwang JW, Isobe T, Kalantar-Nayestanaki N, Kawase S, Kim S, Kisamori K, Kobayashi T, Körper D, Koyama S, Kuti I, Lapoux V, Lindberg S, Marqués FM, Masuoka S, Mayer J, Miki K, Murakami T, Najafi M, Nakano K, Nakatsuka N, Nilsson T, Obertelli A, Orr NA, Otsu H, Ozaki T, Panin V, Paschalis S, Rossi DM, Saito AT, Saito T, Sasano M, Sato H, Satou Y, Scheit H, Schindler F, Schrock P, Shikata M, Shimada K, Shimizu Y, Simon H, Sohler D, Stuhl L, Takeuchi S, Tanaka M, Thoennessen M, Törnqvist H, Togano Y, Tomai T, Tscheuschner J, Tsubota J, Uesaka T, Wang H, Yang Z, Yasuda M, Yoneda K. Magicity versus Superfluidity around ^{28}O viewed from the Study of ^{30}F. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:082501. [PMID: 39241734 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.082501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
The neutron-rich unbound fluorine isotope ^{30}F_{21} has been observed for the first time by measuring its neutron decay at the SAMURAI spectrometer (RIBF, RIKEN) in the quasifree proton knockout reaction of ^{31}Ne nuclei at 235 MeV/nucleon. The mass and thus one-neutron-separation energy of ^{30}F has been determined to be S_{n}=-472±58(stat)±33(sys) keV from the measurement of its invariant-mass spectrum. The absence of a sharp drop in S_{n}(^{30}F) shows that the "magic" N=20 shell gap is not restored close to ^{28}O, which is in agreement with our shell-model calculations that predict a near degeneracy between the neutron d and fp orbitals, with the 1p_{3/2} and 1p_{1/2} orbitals becoming more bound than the 0f_{7/2} one. This degeneracy and reordering of orbitals has two potential consequences: ^{28}O behaves like a strongly superfluid nucleus with neutron pairs scattering across shells, and both ^{29,31}F appear to be good two-neutron halo-nucleus candidates.
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Monteagudo B, Marqués FM, Gibelin J, Orr NA, Corsi A, Kubota Y, Casal J, Gómez-Camacho J, Authelet G, Baba H, Caesar C, Calvet D, Delbart A, Dozono M, Feng J, Flavigny F, Gheller JM, Giganon A, Gillibert A, Hasegawa K, Isobe T, Kanaya Y, Kawakami S, Kim D, Kiyokawa Y, Kobayashi M, Kobayashi N, Kobayashi T, Kondo Y, Korkulu Z, Koyama S, Lapoux V, Maeda Y, Motobayashi T, Miyazaki T, Nakamura T, Nakatsuka N, Nishio Y, Obertelli A, Ohkura A, Ota S, Otsu H, Ozaki T, Panin V, Paschalis S, Pollacco EC, Reichert S, Rousse JY, Saito AT, Sakaguchi S, Sako M, Santamaria C, Sasano M, Sato H, Shikata M, Shimizu Y, Shindo Y, Stuhl L, Sumikama T, Sun YL, Tabata M, Togano Y, Tsubota J, Uesaka T, Yang ZH, Yasuda J, Yoneda K, Zenihiro J. Mass, Spectroscopy, and Two-Neutron Decay of ^{16}Be. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:082501. [PMID: 38457706 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.082501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The structure and decay of the most neutron-rich beryllium isotope, ^{16}Be, has been investigated following proton knockout from a high-energy ^{17}B beam. Two relatively narrow resonances were observed for the first time, with energies of 0.84(3) and 2.15(5) MeV above the two-neutron decay threshold and widths of 0.32(8) and 0.95(15) MeV, respectively. These were assigned to be the ground (J^{π}=0^{+}) and first excited (2^{+}) state, with E_{x}=1.31(6) MeV. The mass excess of ^{16}Be was thus deduced to be 56.93(13) MeV, some 0.5 MeV more bound than the only previous measurement. Both states were observed to decay by direct two-neutron emission. Calculations incorporating the evolution of the wave function during the decay as a genuine three-body process reproduced the principal characteristics of the neutron-neutron energy spectra for both levels, indicating that the ground state exhibits a strong spatially compact dineutron component, while the 2^{+} level presents a far more diffuse neutron-neutron distribution.
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Song N, Koyama S. Pupillary Responses to Dot Patterns on a Human Face Background. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:69. [PMID: 38275352 PMCID: PMC10813683 DOI: 10.3390/bs14010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Dots on natural backgrounds can elicit significant pupillary constrictions within the entire image phase associated with parasympathetic activation, suggesting disgust rather than fear. Although studies have reported that dots on faces elicit stronger disgust than dots on non-face backgrounds, it remains unclear whether dots on a face elicit stronger pupil constrictions than non-face backgrounds. Pupillometry was used while viewing dots on faces and compared with luminance- and spatial frequency-controlled images (dots on phase-scrambled faces) and luminance-controlled images (face only, phase-scrambled faces). Relative pupillary constrictions were elicited when dots were placed on faces and phase-scrambled faces; however, the response to dots on faces did not differ significantly from that to the control stimuli. Approximately 3-5 s after stimulus onset, pupillary responses to dots on faces recovered to baseline faster than those to dots on phase-scrambled faces with a larger pupil size. The initial pupillary constrictions observed are consistent with those in response to dots on natural backgrounds, suggesting that regardless of the background, dots may stimulate parasympathetic activation and elicit disgust rather than fear. The faster recovery from the pupil constriction and larger pupil size in the later phase may be caused by a dynamic balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic neuronal activities.
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Shen J, Tang G, Koyama S. Robot occupations affect the categorization border between human and robot faces. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19250. [PMID: 37935780 PMCID: PMC10630393 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46425-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Uncanny Valley hypothesis implies that people perceive a subjective border between human and robot faces. The robot-human border refers to the level of human-like features that distinguishes humans from robots. However, whether people's perceived anthropomorphism and robot-human borders are consistent across different robot occupations remains to be explored. This study examined the robot-human border by analyzing the human photo proportion represented by the point of subjective equality in three image classification tasks. Stimulus images were generated by morphing a robot face photo and one each of four human photos in systematically changed proportions. Participants classified these morphed images in three different robot occupational conditions to explore the effect of changing robot jobs on the robot-human border. The results indicated that robot occupation and participant age and gender influenced people's perceived anthropomorphism of robots. These can be explained by the implicit link between robot job and appearance, especially in a stereotyped context. The study suggests that giving an expected appearance to a robot may reproduce and strengthen a stereotype that associates a certain appearance with a certain job.
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Kondo Y, Achouri NL, Falou HA, Atar L, Aumann T, Baba H, Boretzky K, Caesar C, Calvet D, Chae H, Chiga N, Corsi A, Delaunay F, Delbart A, Deshayes Q, Dombrádi Z, Douma CA, Ekström A, Elekes Z, Forssén C, Gašparić I, Gheller JM, Gibelin J, Gillibert A, Hagen G, Harakeh MN, Hirayama A, Hoffman CR, Holl M, Horvat A, Horváth Á, Hwang JW, Isobe T, Jiang WG, Kahlbow J, Kalantar-Nayestanaki N, Kawase S, Kim S, Kisamori K, Kobayashi T, Körper D, Koyama S, Kuti I, Lapoux V, Lindberg S, Marqués FM, Masuoka S, Mayer J, Miki K, Murakami T, Najafi M, Nakamura T, Nakano K, Nakatsuka N, Nilsson T, Obertelli A, Ogata K, de Oliveira Santos F, Orr NA, Otsu H, Otsuka T, Ozaki T, Panin V, Papenbrock T, Paschalis S, Revel A, Rossi D, Saito AT, Saito TY, Sasano M, Sato H, Satou Y, Scheit H, Schindler F, Schrock P, Shikata M, Shimizu N, Shimizu Y, Simon H, Sohler D, Sorlin O, Stuhl L, Sun ZH, Takeuchi S, Tanaka M, Thoennessen M, Törnqvist H, Togano Y, Tomai T, Tscheuschner J, Tsubota J, Tsunoda N, Uesaka T, Utsuno Y, Vernon I, Wang H, Yang Z, Yasuda M, Yoneda K, Yoshida S. Publisher Correction: First observation of 28O. Nature 2023; 623:E13. [PMID: 37935927 PMCID: PMC10665181 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06815-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
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Lalanne L, Sorlin O, Poves A, Assié M, Hammache F, Koyama S, Suzuki D, Flavigny F, Girard-Alcindor V, Lemasson A, Matta A, Roger T, Beaumel D, Blumenfeld Y, Brown BA, Santos FDO, Delaunay F, de Séréville N, Franchoo S, Gibelin J, Guillot J, Kamalou O, Kitamura N, Lapoux V, Mauss B, Morfouace P, Pancin J, Saito TY, Stodel C, Thomas JC. N=16 Magicity Revealed at the Proton Drip Line through the Study of ^{35}Ca. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:092501. [PMID: 37721823 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.092501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The last proton bound calcium isotope ^{35}Ca has been studied for the first time, using the ^{37}Ca(p,t)^{35}Ca two neutron transfer reaction. The radioactive ^{37}Ca nuclei, produced by the LISE spectrometer at GANIL, interacted with the protons of the liquid hydrogen target CRYPTA, to produce tritons t that were detected in the MUST2 detector array, in coincidence with the heavy residues Ca or Ar. The atomic mass of ^{35}Ca and the energy of its first 3/2^{+} state are reported. A large N=16 gap of 4.61(11) MeV is deduced from the mass measurement, which together with other measured properties, makes ^{36}Ca a doubly magic nucleus. The N=16 shell gaps in ^{36}Ca and ^{24}O are of similar amplitude, at both edges of the valley of stability. This feature is discussed in terms of nuclear forces involved, within state-of-the-art shell model calculations. Even though the global agreement with data is quite convincing, the calculations underestimate the size of the N=16 gap in ^{36}Ca by 840 keV.
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Kondo Y, Achouri NL, Falou HA, Atar L, Aumann T, Baba H, Boretzky K, Caesar C, Calvet D, Chae H, Chiga N, Corsi A, Delaunay F, Delbart A, Deshayes Q, Dombrádi Z, Douma CA, Ekström A, Elekes Z, Forssén C, Gašparić I, Gheller JM, Gibelin J, Gillibert A, Hagen G, Harakeh MN, Hirayama A, Hoffman CR, Holl M, Horvat A, Horváth Á, Hwang JW, Isobe T, Jiang WG, Kahlbow J, Kalantar-Nayestanaki N, Kawase S, Kim S, Kisamori K, Kobayashi T, Körper D, Koyama S, Kuti I, Lapoux V, Lindberg S, Marqués FM, Masuoka S, Mayer J, Miki K, Murakami T, Najafi M, Nakamura T, Nakano K, Nakatsuka N, Nilsson T, Obertelli A, Ogata K, de Oliveira Santos F, Orr NA, Otsu H, Otsuka T, Ozaki T, Panin V, Papenbrock T, Paschalis S, Revel A, Rossi D, Saito AT, Saito TY, Sasano M, Sato H, Satou Y, Scheit H, Schindler F, Schrock P, Shikata M, Shimizu N, Shimizu Y, Simon H, Sohler D, Sorlin O, Stuhl L, Sun ZH, Takeuchi S, Tanaka M, Thoennessen M, Törnqvist H, Togano Y, Tomai T, Tscheuschner J, Tsubota J, Tsunoda N, Uesaka T, Utsuno Y, Vernon I, Wang H, Yang Z, Yasuda M, Yoneda K, Yoshida S. First observation of 28O. Nature 2023; 620:965-970. [PMID: 37648757 PMCID: PMC10630140 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06352-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Subjecting a physical system to extreme conditions is one of the means often used to obtain a better understanding and deeper insight into its organization and structure. In the case of the atomic nucleus, one such approach is to investigate isotopes that have very different neutron-to-proton (N/Z) ratios than in stable nuclei. Light, neutron-rich isotopes exhibit the most asymmetric N/Z ratios and those lying beyond the limits of binding, which undergo spontaneous neutron emission and exist only as very short-lived resonances (about 10-21 s), provide the most stringent tests of modern nuclear-structure theories. Here we report on the first observation of 28O and 27O through their decay into 24O and four and three neutrons, respectively. The 28O nucleus is of particular interest as, with the Z = 8 and N = 20 magic numbers1,2, it is expected in the standard shell-model picture of nuclear structure to be one of a relatively small number of so-called 'doubly magic' nuclei. Both 27O and 28O were found to exist as narrow, low-lying resonances and their decay energies are compared here to the results of sophisticated theoretical modelling, including a large-scale shell-model calculation and a newly developed statistical approach. In both cases, the underlying nuclear interactions were derived from effective field theories of quantum chromodynamics. Finally, it is shown that the cross-section for the production of 28O from a 29F beam is consistent with it not exhibiting a closed N = 20 shell structure.
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Tang G, Izumi K, Izumisawa M, Koyama S. Analysis of Japanese consumers' attitudes toward the digital transformation of OTC medicine purchase behavior and eHealth literacy: an online survey for digital experience design. Front Digit Health 2023; 5:1173229. [PMID: 37293181 PMCID: PMC10244771 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2023.1173229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Since the enactment of the revised Pharmaceutical Affairs Act in Japan in 2009, self-medication practices have increased in the country. However, studies report that consumers pay little attention to the medication facts and risks indicated on the packages of over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, which could be a potential risk. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the digital transformation of purchasing OTC medicines has progressed. As an appropriate design for the digital transformation is likely to improve consumers' literacy and them obtaining medical information, this study systematically examines Japanese consumers' attitudes toward the digital transformation of OTC medicine purchase behavior and its correlation to eHealth literacy, exploring an appropriate digital experience design in purchasing OTC medicine. Methods Participants from the Greater Tokyo Area of Japan participated in an online survey. Consumers' current behavior and preferences in accessing OTC medicine, receiving medication guidance, and obtaining medical information were examined. eHealth literacy was assessed using the J-eHEALS. Descriptive statistics, text mining, and thematic analysis were conducted to answer research questions. Results Over 89% of the respondents who had experience in purchasing OTC medicines preferred local pharmacies or stores rather than online purchasing, p < 0.001. Obtaining medicine guidance in pharmacies or stores was the main preference over other approaches, p < 0.001. Furthermore, most of the participants accepted selecting medicine on shelves and digital screens in-store. However, they were accustomed to using smartphones to obtain additional information at the pharmacy or drug store, p < 0.001; this behavior was positively correlated with eHealth literacy, p < 0.001. Conclusions Japanese consumers are seeking a combination of conventional and digital behaviors for purchasing OTC medicine rather than opting for a particular method. Most consumers prefer purchasing and receiving instructions in-store while searching for additional decision-making information online. eHealth literacy is positively associated with digital behaviors of OTC medicine information acquisition but less associated with medicine purchases and selections. The hybrid digital experience design may enhance the OTC medicine purchase experience and reduce potential risks by providing appropriate information.
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Tang G, Izumi K, Izumisawa M, Koyama S. Japanese Consumers' Attitudes towards Obtaining and Sharing Health Information Regarding Over-the-Counter Medication: Designing an Over-the-Counter Electronic Health Record. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11081166. [PMID: 37108000 PMCID: PMC10138617 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11081166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Designing an over-the-counter medication electronic health record (OTC-EHR) may help improve OTC usage. An online survey for the conceptual OTC-EHR design examined participant characteristics, attitudes towards obtaining user-shared OTC medication information, health-related application usage, and the inclination to share anonymized health information. Descriptive statistics, tests to assess statistical significance, and text mining were used to analyze the results. The findings revealed that Japanese consumers, particularly those with high eHealth literacy and women, possess relatively positive attitudes towards obtaining user-shared OTC medication information than those with low eHealth literacy (t (280.71) = -4.11, p < 0.001) and men (t (262.26) = -2.78, p = 0.006), respectively. Most consumers own smartphones but do not use health-related applications. A minority held positive attitudes about sharing anonymized health information. The perceived helpfulness of OTC-EHR was positively associated with the usage of health-related applications (χ2 (4) = 18.35, p = 0.001) and attitude towards sharing anonymized health information (χ2 (3) = 19.78, p < 0.001). The study findings contribute towards OTC-EHR's design to enhance consumers' self-medication and reduce risks, while the psychological barriers to sharing anonymized health information should be improved by increasing the OTC-EHR's penetration rate and engaging in appropriate information design.
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Vargas Meza X, Koyama S. A social media network analysis of trypophobia communication. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21163. [PMID: 36477698 PMCID: PMC9729576 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25301-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypophobia has attracted scientific attention in recent years. Few related studies have recruited participants using online methods, and even less is known about health communication in an environment where trypophobia was first widely discussed (i.e., the Internet). This study describes communication patterns in a Facebook group for trypophobia by detecting frequent topics, top contributors, and their discourses. We identified key commenters and performed word frequency analysis, word co-occurrence analysis, topic modeling, and content analysis. Impactful users posted and replied more often when discussing peer-reviewed science. Triggering content was actively removed by the group administrators. A wide variety of triggers not discussed in trypophobia-related literature were frequently mentioned. However, there was a lack of discussion on peer-reviewed treatments. The combination of a few expert and many supportive amateur gatekeepers willing to understand trypophobia, along with active monitoring by administrators, might contribute to in-group trust and the sharing of peer-reviewed science by top users of the trypophobia Facebook group.
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Song N, Koyama S. Depth perception between dots and the background face reduces trypophobic discomfort. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:291. [PMID: 36474271 PMCID: PMC9727939 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-01006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that viewing a cluster of dots evokes feelings of discomfort in viewers and that the discomfort becomes especially strong when the dots are placed on background images of human skin. This phenomenon has been explained by the physical properties and spatial and semantic relationships between the dots and the background. However, it was not known whether the perceived, as well as the physical, spatial relationships contributes to the generation of discomfort. METHODS We evoked illusory depth perception between black dots and the background face by drawing shadow-like gray dots around the black dots, while keeping the same black dots at the same positions, and examined whether illusory depth perception could increase or decrease discomfort. In each trial, participants viewed one of the following types of facial images: (a) face-only (face without dots), (b) a cluster of black dots on the face, (c) a cluster of gray dots on the face, and (d) a cluster of black dots and shadow-like gray dots on the face. After seeing each picture, they evaluated how much discomfort they felt from viewing the picture using a Likert scale and reported whether they perceived depth between the dots and the face. RESULTS Participants felt discomfort toward all three types of faces with dots, that is, faces with black dots, gray dots, and both. However, interestingly, participants felt less discomfort when both black and gray dots were presented on the face than when only black dots were presented. The participants perceived depth between the black dots and the face in 85% of the trials with black dots and shadow-like gray dots, and there was a significant correlation between discomfort and frequency of depth perception. However, in the trials with black dots only and gray dots only, they perceived depth in only 18% and 27% of the trials, respectively, and the correlations between the frequencies of depth perception and discomfort were not significant. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the perceived spatial relationship, such as attached vs. separate, as well as the physical spatial relationship, contribute to the generation of discomfort.
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Lalanne L, Sorlin O, Poves A, Assié M, Hammache F, Koyama S, Suzuki D, Flavigny F, Girard-Alcindor V, Lemasson A, Matta A, Roger T, Beaumel D, Blumenfeld Y, Brown BA, Santos FDO, Delaunay F, de Séréville N, Franchoo S, Gibelin J, Guillot J, Kamalou O, Kitamura N, Lapoux V, Mauss B, Morfouace P, Niikura M, Pancin J, Saito TY, Stodel C, Thomas JC. Structure of ^{36}Ca under the Coulomb Magnifying Glass. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:122501. [PMID: 36179171 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.122501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Detailed spectroscopy of the neutron-deficient nucleus ^{36}Ca was obtained up to 9 MeV using the ^{37}Ca(p,d)^{36}Ca and the ^{38}Ca(p,t)^{36}Ca transfer reactions. The radioactive nuclei, produced by the LISE spectrometer at GANIL, interacted with the protons of the liquid hydrogen target CRYPTA, to produce light ejectiles (the deuteron d or triton t) that were detected in the MUST2 detector array, in coincidence with the heavy residues identified by a zero-degree detection system. Our main findings are (i) a similar shift in energy for the 1_{1}^{+} and 2_{1}^{+} states by about -250 keV, as compared with the mirror nucleus ^{36}S; (ii) the discovery of an intruder 0_{2}^{+} state at 2.83(13) MeV, which appears below the first 2^{+} state, in contradiction with the situation in ^{36}S; and (iii) a tentative 0_{3}^{+} state at 4.83(17) MeV, proposed to exhibit a bubble structure with two neutron vacancies in the 2s_{1/2} orbit. The inversion between the 0_{2}^{+} and 2_{1}^{+} states is due to the large mirror energy difference (MED) of -516(130) keV for the former. This feature is reproduced by shell model calculations, using the sd-pf valence space, predicting an almost pure intruder nature for the 0_{2}^{+} state, with two protons (neutrons) being excited across the Z=20 magic closure in ^{36}Ca (^{36}S). This mirror system has the largest MEDs ever observed, if one excludes the few cases induced by the effect of the continuum.
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Mikuni H, Watanabe G, Kumagai S, Yamamoto S, Sawada R, Yokoyama K, Honma Y, Sekine S, Kashihara T, Ishiyama K, Oguma J, Igaki H, Saruta M, Daiko H, Koyama S, Nishikawa H, Kato K. 1240P Activation status of CD8+ T and Treg cells in the tumor microenvironment potentially predicts the clinical efficacy of nivolumab in advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Koyama S, Aida J, Mori Y, Okawa S, Odani S, Miyashiro I. COVID-19 Effects on Income and Dental Visits: A Cross-sectional Study. JDR Clin Trans Res 2022; 7:307-314. [PMID: 35533247 DOI: 10.1177/23800844221094479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In April 2020, the Japanese government declared a state of emergency owing to the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which resulted in reduced workforce and job losses. Furthermore, income is one of the most consistent predictors of dental visits. Therefore, this study examined the association between income changes and dental clinic visits during the COVID-19 state of emergency in Japan. METHODS An online, self-reported cross-sectional survey about health activities including dental visits during the first COVID-19 state of emergency was conducted in Osaka, Japan (June 23 to July 12, 2020). Among participants with toothaches, the assessment for the association between "refrained from visiting a dentist despite wanting treatment for toothache during the state of emergency (refrained treatment)" and income changes before and after the state of emergency using a multivariate Poisson regression model adjusted for sex, age, self-rated health, frequency of regular dental visits, and employment status. RESULTS Among 27,575 participants, 3,895 (14.1%) had toothaches, and 1,906 (6.9%) reported refrained treatment. Among people with decreased income (n = 8,152, 29.6% of overall participants), the proportions of the refrained treatment group were 8.0% (income decreased by 1%-49%), 9.9% (50%-99% decreased), and 9.1% (100% decreased). Among participants with toothache, after adjusting for all variables, compared with participants with no income change, we observed significantly higher prevalence ratios (PRs) for refrained treatment in those who experienced a decreased income owing to COVID-19 (1%-49% decrease: PR = 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.005-1.17; 50%-99% decrease: PR = 1.18; 95% CI, 1.06-1.32; 100% decrease: PR = 1.18; 95% CI, 1.04-1.33). CONCLUSION Decreased income was associated with refrained dental treatment during the COVID-19 state of emergency in Osaka, Japan. The economic damage related to the COVID-19 pandemic could lead to oral health inequalities. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT Our study found that individuals with decreased income owing to COVID-19 before and after the state of emergency showed significantly higher prevalence ratios for refraining from visiting a dentist despite wanting treatment for toothache. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution because it provides novel, basic data that economic damages related to the COVID-19 pandemic might expand to oral health inequalities.
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Ohla K, Veldhuizen MG, Green T, Hannum ME, Bakke AJ, Moein ST, Tognetti A, Postma EM, Pellegrino R, Hwang DLD, Albayay J, Koyama S, Nolden AA, Thomas-Danguin T, Mucignat-Caretta C, Menger NS, Croijmans I, Ã-ztà Rk L, YanÄ K H, Pierron D, Pereda-Loth V, Nunez-Parra A, Martinez Pineda AM, Gillespie D, Farruggia MC, Cecchetto C, Fornazieri MA, Philpott C, Voznessenskaya V, Cooper KW, Rohlfs Dominguez P, Calcinoni O, de Groot J, Boesveldt S, Bhutani S, Weir EM, Exten C, Joseph PV, Parma V, Hayes JE, Niv MY. A follow-up on quantitative and qualitative olfactory dysfunction and other symptoms in patients recovering from COVID-19 smell loss. Rhinology 2022; 60:207-217. [PMID: 35398877 PMCID: PMC11016179 DOI: 10.4193/rhin21.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sudden smell loss is a specific early symptom of COVID-19, which, prior to the emergence of Omicron, had estimated prevalence of ~40% to 75%. Chemosensory impairments affect physical and mental health, and dietary behavior. Thus, it is critical to understand the rate and time course of smell recovery. The aim of this cohort study was to characterize smell function and recovery up to 11 months post COVID-19 infection. METHODS This longitudinal survey of individuals suffering COVID-19-related smell loss assessed disease symptoms and gustatory and olfactory function. Participants (n=12,313) who completed an initial survey (S1) about respiratory symptoms, chemosensory function and COVID-19 diagnosis between April and September 2020, were invited to complete a follow-up survey (S2). Between September 2020 and February 2021, 27.5% participants responded (n=3,386), with 1,468 being diagnosed with COVID-19 and suffering co-occurring smell and taste loss at the beginning of their illness. RESULTS At follow-up (median time since COVID-19 onset ~200 days), ~60% of women and ~48% of men reported less than 80% of their pre-illness smell ability. Taste typically recovered faster than smell, and taste loss rarely persisted if smell recovered. Prevalence of parosmia and phantosmia was ~10% of participants in S1 and increased substantially in S2: ~47% for parosmia and ~25% for phantosmia. Persistent smell impairment was associated with more symptoms overall, suggesting it may be a key marker of long-COVID illness. The ability to smell during COVID-19 was rated slightly lower by those who did not eventually recover their pre-illness ability to smell at S2. CONCLUSIONS While smell ability improves for many individuals who lost it during acute COVID-19, the prevalence of parosmia and phantosmia increases substantially over time. Olfactory dysfunction is associated with broader persistent symptoms of COVID-19, and may last for many months following acute COVID-19. Taste loss in the absence of smell loss is rare. Persistent qualitative smell symptoms are emerging as common long-term sequelae; more research into treatment options is strongly warranted given that even conservative estimates suggest millions of individuals may experience parosmia following COVID-19. Healthcare providers worldwide need to be prepared to treat post COVID-19 secondary effects on physical and mental health.
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16
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Kurata M, Okuzumi N, Nakayoshi A, Ikeuchi H, Koyama S. Step-by-step challenge of debris characterization for the decommissioning of Fukushima-Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS). J NUCL SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00223131.2022.2040393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Otobe Y, Kimura Y, Suzuki M, Koyama S, Kojima I, Yamada M. Factors Associated with Increased Caregiver Burden of Informal Caregivers during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan. J Nutr Health Aging 2022; 26:157-160. [PMID: 35166308 PMCID: PMC8783575 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-022-1730-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study's objective was to explore the association between various factors and the increased caregiver burden of informal caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic. On February, 2021, 700 informal caregivers completed an online survey. We assessed the change in caregiver burden during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among all caregiver participants, 287 (41.0%) complained of an increased caregiver burden due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The factors associated with increased caregiver burden were depressive symptoms in caregivers [odds ratio (OR), 2.20; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.50-3.23], dementia (OR, 2.48; 95%CI, 1.07-5.73) and low Barthel Index scores (OR, 2.01; 95%CI, 1.39-2.90) in care receivers, care days (OR, 1.09; 95%CI, 1.01-1.17) and times (OR, 1.06; 95%CI, 1.01-1.10), and use of home care service (OR, 1.46; 95%CI, 1.01-2.10) and visiting care service (OR, 1.71; 95%CI, 1.20-2.45). These findings suggest we need to pay attention to the physical and mental health of both the care receivers and caregivers.
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Huang Y, Pan G, Li X, Sun Z, Koyama S, Yang Y. Mining Potential Requirements by Calculation of User Operations. J ORGAN END USER COM 2021. [DOI: 10.4018/joeuc.293289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study proposes a method for mining potential user requirements from users’ nonverbal behaviors by analyzing their operational problems, since human behaviors reflect emotions and operational bottlenecks in human-machine interactions. Taking a single daily operation task as an example, three key steps were included in the method: first, modeling users’ operation and constructing the operation chain; second, finding emotional or physical problems in the operation chain, where the problems were defined mathematically as an emotional or physical load at each suboperation; and third, defining and obtaining potential user requirements by improving the operational problems when performing a task. Furthermore, a daily operation task was introduced to demonstrate and validate the method of mining user potential requirements. The results indicate that it is effective to discover the potential needs for a specific product and provide satisfactory solutions by calculating and optimizing operational problems.
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Kuo JY, Chen CH, Koyama S, Chang D. Investigating the relationship between users' eye movements and perceived product attributes in design concept evaluation. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2021; 94:103393. [PMID: 33662815 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Eye movements as the indicators of human information processing have been studied in many domains. However, it is not clear how users' eye movements differ among specific product attribute, while visual impression of a product plays a crucial part in distinguishing product designs. Therefore, this paper attempts to establish guidance for exploring eye tracking applications in design concept validations through two case studies. The first case study investigated the product attributes based on the theory of cognitive-affective emotions. The second investigated the product attributes for apparent functionality and affective quality. The eye movements of 105 participants were analyzed when they evaluated the products images. The results indicated that product attributes perceived in evaluation tasks can be predicted from eye movements. Moreover, compared to the new users, experienced users had a longer mean fixation duration and tended to form their impressions of the product from multiple components.
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Matsuyama Y, Aida J, Takeuchi K, Koyama S, Tabuchi T. Dental Pain and Worsened Socioeconomic Conditions Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Dent Res 2021; 100:591-598. [PMID: 33792422 PMCID: PMC8138328 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211005782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to economic contraction and significant restrictions on society. The shock to the economy could lead to a deterioration of physical health outcomes, including dental health. The present study investigated the association between worsened socioeconomic conditions due to the COVID-19 pandemic and dental pain in Japan. The mediating effects of psychological distress and oral health-related behaviors were also evaluated. Cross-sectional data from the Japan COVID-19 and Society Internet Survey conducted from August to September 2020 (n = 25,482; age range, 15-79 y) were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to evaluate the independent associations of household income reduction, work reduction, and job loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic with dental pain within a month. Dental pain was reported by 9.8%. Household income reduction, work reduction, and job loss were independently associated with dental pain after adjusting for confounders (odds ratios: 1.42 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.28-1.57], 1.58 [95% CI, 1.41-1.76], 2.17 [95% CI, 1.64-2.88], respectively). The association related to household income reduction was mediated by psychological distress, postponing dental visits, toothbrushing behavior, and between-meals eating behavior by 21.3% (95% CI, 14.0-31.6), 12.4% (95% CI, 7.2-19.6), 1.5% (95% CI, -0.01 to 4.5), and 9.3% (95% CI, 5.4-15.2), respectively. Our findings showed that worsened socioeconomic conditions due to the COVID-19 pandemic deteriorated dental health. Policies that protect income and job loss may reduce dental health problems after the pandemic.
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21
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Yang ZH, Kubota Y, Corsi A, Yoshida K, Sun XX, Li JG, Kimura M, Michel N, Ogata K, Yuan CX, Yuan Q, Authelet G, Baba H, Caesar C, Calvet D, Delbart A, Dozono M, Feng J, Flavigny F, Gheller JM, Gibelin J, Giganon A, Gillibert A, Hasegawa K, Isobe T, Kanaya Y, Kawakami S, Kim D, Kiyokawa Y, Kobayashi M, Kobayashi N, Kobayashi T, Kondo Y, Korkulu Z, Koyama S, Lapoux V, Maeda Y, Marqués FM, Motobayashi T, Miyazaki T, Nakamura T, Nakatsuka N, Nishio Y, Obertelli A, Ohkura A, Orr NA, Ota S, Otsu H, Ozaki T, Panin V, Paschalis S, Pollacco EC, Reichert S, Roussé JY, Saito AT, Sakaguchi S, Sako M, Santamaria C, Sasano M, Sato H, Shikata M, Shimizu Y, Shindo Y, Stuhl L, Sumikama T, Sun YL, Tabata M, Togano Y, Tsubota J, Xu FR, Yasuda J, Yoneda K, Zenihiro J, Zhou SG, Zuo W, Uesaka T. Quasifree Neutron Knockout Reaction Reveals a Small s-Orbital Component in the Borromean Nucleus ^{17}B. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:082501. [PMID: 33709737 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.082501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A kinematically complete quasifree (p,pn) experiment in inverse kinematics was performed to study the structure of the Borromean nucleus ^{17}B, which had long been considered to have a neutron halo. By analyzing the momentum distributions and exclusive cross sections, we obtained the spectroscopic factors for 1s_{1/2} and 0d_{5/2} orbitals, and a surprisingly small percentage of 9(2)% was determined for 1s_{1/2}. Our finding of such a small 1s_{1/2} component and the halo features reported in prior experiments can be explained by the deformed relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory in continuum, revealing a definite but not dominant neutron halo in ^{17}B. The present work gives the smallest s- or p-orbital component among known nuclei exhibiting halo features and implies that the dominant occupation of s or p orbitals is not a prerequisite for the occurrence of a neutron halo.
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22
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Wimmer K, Korten W, Doornenbal P, Arici T, Aguilera P, Algora A, Ando T, Baba H, Blank B, Boso A, Chen S, Corsi A, Davies P, de Angelis G, de France G, Delaroche JP, Doherty DT, Gerl J, Gernhäuser R, Girod M, Jenkins D, Koyama S, Motobayashi T, Nagamine S, Niikura M, Obertelli A, Libert J, Lubos D, Rodríguez TR, Rubio B, Sahin E, Saito TY, Sakurai H, Sinclair L, Steppenbeck D, Taniuchi R, Wadsworth R, Zielinska M. Shape Changes in the Mirror Nuclei ^{70}Kr and ^{70}Se. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:072501. [PMID: 33666458 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.072501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We studied the proton-rich T_{z}=-1 nucleus ^{70}Kr through inelastic scattering at intermediate energies in order to extract the reduced transition probability, B(E2;0^{+}→2^{+}). Comparison with the other members of the A=70 isospin triplet, ^{70}Br and ^{70}Se, studied in the same experiment, shows a 3σ deviation from the expected linearity of the electromagnetic matrix elements as a function of T_{z}. At present, no established nuclear structure theory can describe this observed deviation quantitatively. This is the first violation of isospin symmetry at this level observed in the transition matrix elements. A heuristic approach may explain the anomaly by a shape change between the mirror nuclei ^{70}Kr and ^{70}Se contrary to the model predictions.
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Yamada M, Kimura Y, Ishiyama D, Otobe Y, Suzuki M, Koyama S, Kikuchi T, Kusumi H, Arai H. The Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical Activity and New Incidence of Frailty among Initially Non-Frail Older Adults in Japan: A Follow-Up Online Survey. J Nutr Health Aging 2021; 25:751-756. [PMID: 34179929 PMCID: PMC8074704 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-021-1634-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity (PA) and the incidence of frailty among initially non-frail older adults in Japan. DESIGN A follow-up online survey. SETTING AND SUBJECTS Among the 1,600 baseline online survey participants, 388 adults were already frail, and 275 older adults did not respond to the follow-up survey. Thus, the final number of participants in this study was 937 (follow-up rate: 77.3%). METHODS We assessed the total PA time at four time points according to the COVID-19 waves in Japan: January 2020 (before the pandemic), April 2020 (during the first wave), August 2020 (during the second wave), and January 2021 (during the third wave). We then investigated the incidence of frailty during a one-year follow-up period (during the pandemic). RESULTS The total PA time during the first, second, and third waves of the pandemic decreased from the pre-pandemic PA time by 33.3%, 28.3%, and 40.0%, respectively. In particular, the total PA time of older adults who were living alone and socially inactive decreased significantly: 42.9% (first wave), 50.0% (second wave), and 61.9% (third wave) less than before the pandemic, respectively. Additionally, they were at a significantly higher risk of incident frailty than those who were not living alone and were socially active (adjusted odds ratio: 2.04 [95% confidence interval: 1.01-4.10]). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that older adults who live alone and are socially inactive are more likely to experience incident frailty/disability due to decreased PA during the pandemic. Understanding this mechanism may be crucial for maintaining the health status of older adults.
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Kubota Y, Corsi A, Authelet G, Baba H, Caesar C, Calvet D, Delbart A, Dozono M, Feng J, Flavigny F, Gheller JM, Gibelin J, Giganon A, Gillibert A, Hasegawa K, Isobe T, Kanaya Y, Kawakami S, Kim D, Kikuchi Y, Kiyokawa Y, Kobayashi M, Kobayashi N, Kobayashi T, Kondo Y, Korkulu Z, Koyama S, Lapoux V, Maeda Y, Marqués FM, Motobayashi T, Miyazaki T, Nakamura T, Nakatsuka N, Nishio Y, Obertelli A, Ogata K, Ohkura A, Orr NA, Ota S, Otsu H, Ozaki T, Panin V, Paschalis S, Pollacco EC, Reichert S, Roussé JY, Saito AT, Sakaguchi S, Sako M, Santamaria C, Sasano M, Sato H, Shikata M, Shimizu Y, Shindo Y, Stuhl L, Sumikama T, Sun YL, Tabata M, Togano Y, Tsubota J, Yang ZH, Yasuda J, Yoneda K, Zenihiro J, Uesaka T. Surface Localization of the Dineutron in ^{11}Li. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:252501. [PMID: 33416401 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.252501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The formation of a dineutron in the ^{11}Li nucleus is found to be localized to the surface region. The experiment measured the intrinsic momentum of the struck neutron in ^{11}Li via the (p,pn) knockout reaction at 246 MeV/nucleon. The correlation angle between the two neutrons is, for the first time, measured as a function of the intrinsic neutron momentum. A comparison with reaction calculations reveals the localization of the dineutron at r∼3.6 fm. The results also support the density dependence of dineutron formation as deduced from Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov calculations for nuclear matter.
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Yamada M, Kimura Y, Ishiyama D, Otobe Y, Suzuki M, Koyama S, Kikuchi T, Kusumi H, Arai H. Letter to the Editor: Recovery of Physical Activity among Older Japanese Adults since the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Nutr Health Aging 2020. [PMID: 33155634 PMCID: PMC7597429 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1516-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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