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Crisaborole loaded nanoemulgel for the mitigation of atopic dermatitis in mice model. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2023; 49:521-535. [PMID: 37551739 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2023.2244075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present work aims to formulate nanoemulgel of crisaborole (CB) and evaluate its effectiveness against 2,4-Di-nitrochlorobenzene induced (DNCB) atopic dermatitis (AD) in mice. SIGNIFICANCE AD is a chronic inflammation of the skin affecting the quality of life. CB is a topical PDE4 inhibitor marketed as a 2% ointment. It, however, possesses poor aqueous solubility. An o/w nanoemulsion shall exhibit an enhanced therapeutic effect owing to the increased solubility of CB and an augmented skin penetration. The addition of a gelling agent to form a nanoemulgel further provides ease of application to the patients. METHODS Nanoemulsion was prepared by aqueous titration method using caproyl PGMC, cremophore EL and propylene glycol as the oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant respectively. The formulations were characterized by their size, zeta potential and polydispersity index (PDI). 1% Carbopol 934 was used as the gelling agent to formulate nanoemulgel comprising of optimized nanoemulsion (NE 9). Ex vivo skin permeation of the CB nanoemulgel was compared with the CB ointment. Its therapeutic effect was evaluated in Balb/c mice. RESULTS NE 9 comprised of 7.49% oil, 37.45% Smix (1:3) and water 55.06%. Its particle size, PDI and zeta potential were 15.45 ± 5.265 nm, 0.098 and -17.9 ± 8.00 mV respectively. The nanoemulgel exhibited a 3-fold higher permeation flux as compared to the ointment. In vivo studies demonstrated that the nanoemulgel provided better therapeutic effect than the ointment. CONCLUSION We can thereby conclude that nanoemulgel formulation can be a successful drug delivery strategy for enhancing the therapeutic effect of CB.
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The sound of dentistry. Br Dent J 2023; 235:12. [PMID: 37443210 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-023-6074-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
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Air leak in post COVID-19 patients: Incidence, ICU course and outcomes. Med Intensiva 2022; 46:648-650. [PMID: 36344014 PMCID: PMC9633922 DOI: 10.1016/j.medine.2021.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Testosterone Recovery Following Short Course Androgen Deprivation Therapy and Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Correlates Closely with Improvements in Patient-Reported Hormonal and Sexual Domain Scores. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.1194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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PV-0206 Gross endobronchial disease: predictor of clinical outcomes for early stage NSCLC treated with SBRT. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)30626-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rectal Dose Reduction Using Perirectal Hydrogel Spacers in Men with Prostate Cancer Treated with Stereotactic Ablative Radiation Therapy (SABR). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.07.1451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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EP-1346: Stereotactic Partial Breast Irradiation for Early Stage Breast Cancer: Early Outcomes. Radiother Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(18)31655-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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The Rectal Dosimetric Effects of Perirectal Hydrogel Spacers in Men Undergoing Prostate Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.2233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Change in biventricular function after cone reconstruction of Ebstein’s anomaly: an echocardiographic study. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2017; 19:808-815. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jex186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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PO-0668: Five-fraction SBRT for central NSCLC in-field recurrences following high-dose conventional radiation. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)31105-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Synchrotron-based phase-sensitive imaging of leaves grown from magneto-primed seeds of soybean. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2017; 24:232-239. [PMID: 28009562 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577516015745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Experiments were conducted to study the effects of static magnetic fields (SMFs) on the venation network of soybean leaves using the synchrotron-based X-ray micro-imaging technique. The seeds of soybean (Glycine max, variety JS-335) were pretreated with different SMFs from 50 to 300 mT in steps of 50 mT for 1 h. The phase-contrast images obtained showed that, as the strength of the SMF increased, the area, width of the midrib, area of the midrib and minor vein of the middle leaflets of third trifoliate leaves also increased up to the SMF strength of 200 mT (1 h) and decreased thereafter. Quantification of the major conducting vein also showed the differences in the major and minor vein structures of the soybean leaves as compared with control leaves. Further, the phase-retrieval technique has been applied to make the segmentation process easy and to quantify the major and minor veins in the venation network. The width and area of midrib enhancement by pre-treatment with SMF implies an enhancement in the uptake of water, which in turn causes an increased rate of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance.
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Synchrotron X-ray phase contrast imaging of leaf venation in soybean (Glycine max) after exclusion of solar UV (280-400 nm) radiation. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2016; 23:795-801. [PMID: 27140160 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577516003507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The hydraulic efficiency of a leaf depends on its vascular structure as this is responsible for transport activities. To investigate the effect of exclusion of UVAB and UVB radiation from the solar spectrum on the micro-structure of leaves of soybean (Glycine max, variety JS-335), a field experiment was conducted using synchrotron-based phase contrast imaging (PCI). Plants were grown in specially designed UV exclusion chambers, and wrapped with filters that excluded UVB (280-315 nm) or UVAB (280-400 nm), or transmitted all the ambient solar UV (280-400 nm) radiation (filter control). Qualitative observation of high-resolution X-ray PCI images obtained at 10 keV has shown the differences in major and minor vein structures of the leaves. The mid-rib width of the middle leaflet of third trifoliate leaves, for all treatments, were obtained using quantitative image analysis. The width of the mid-rib of the middle leaflet of third trifoliate leaves of UVB excluded plants was found to be more compared to leaves of filter control plants, which are exposed to ambient UV. The mid-rib or the main conducting vein transports water and sugars to the whole plant; therefore, mid-rib enhancement by the exclusion of solar UV radiation possibly implies enhancement in the leaf area which in turn causes an increased rate of photosynthesis.
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Effect of pneumoperitoneum on intracranial pressure during supratentorial craniotomy: a case report. ACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA BELGICA 2010; 61:217-220. [PMID: 21388082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Laparoscopic surgery has become the method of choice for many procedures previously performed by open techniques. However, its use in patients with a potentially decreased intracranial compliance warrants caution. We report a case of combined glioma excision and laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedures with evaluation of the effects of pneumoperitoneum on ICP and operative field. The clinical implications, safety and recommendations of conducting laparoscopic surgeries in neurosurgical patients are discussed. Performing pneumoperitoneum in patients with marginal intracranial compliance needs interdisciplinary discussions and ICP monitoring is mandatory.
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Effect of adhesive and cohesive strength on the tribological behaviour of non-reactively sputtered TiC thin films. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.3128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Nanoindentation and scratch studies on magnetron sputtered Ti thin films. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 9:5476-5479. [PMID: 19928247 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2009.1174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ti thin films sputter deposited on D9 steel at two different temperatures were studied for their mechanical behavior under static and sliding contact conditions using nanoindentation and scratch tests. The film hardness measured at the surface of the coatings exhibited a value of 2.5 GPa, for both conditions. From the scratch test, it is understood that coatings deposited at 200 degrees C substrate temperature showed superior adhesion strength. Critical load to failure for these coatings was evaluated at 2 N.
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Microstructural studies of nanocomposite thin films of Ni/CrN prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 9:5592-5595. [PMID: 19928270 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2009.1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis and characterization of nanocomposites of Ni/CrN thin films prepared by DC magnetron sputtering from a target of 50 wt.%Ni-50 wt.%Cr is investigated. The films prepared as a function of nitrogen flow rate and substrate temperature showed that the films contained Ni and CrN phases with crystallite sizes in the nanometer range. Measurement of nanomechanical properties of the composite films exhibited a significant decrease in the values of hardness and Young's modulus than those of pure CrN films.
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A peptide inhibitor of HIV-1 protease using alpha, beta- dehydro residues: a structure based computer model. INDIAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & BIOPHYSICS 2001; 38:90-5. [PMID: 11563339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1 encodes an aspartic protease, an enzyme crucial to viral maturation and infectivity. It is responsible for the cleavage of various protein precursors into viral proteins. Inhibition of this enzyme prevents the formation of mature, infective viral particles and therefore, it is a potential target for therapeutic intervention following infection. Several drugs that inhibit the action of this enzyme have been discovered. These include peptidomimetic inhibitors such as ABT-538 and saquinavir, and structure based inhibitors such as indinavir and nelfinavir. Several of these have been tested in human clinical trials and have demonstrated significant reduction in viral load. However, most of them have been found to be of limited clinical utility because of their poor pharmacological properties and also because the viral protease becomes rapidly resistant to these drugs on account of mutations in the enzyme. One way to overcome these limitations is to design an inhibitor that interacts mainly with the conserved residues of HIV-1 protease. By a rational drug design approach based on the high resolution X-ray crystal structure of the HIV-1 protease with--MVT 101 (a substrate based inhibitor) and the specific design principles of peptides containing dehydro-Alanine (delta Ala) derived from our earlier studies, we have designed a tetrapeptide with the sequence: NH2-Thr-delta Ala-delta Ala-Gln-COOH. Energy minimization and molecular modelling of the interaction of the designed tetrapeptide with the inhibitor binding site indicate that the inhibitor is in an extended conformation and makes excessive contacts with the viral enzyme at the interface between the protein subunits. The designed inhibitor has 33% of its interaction with the conserved region of HIV-1 protease which is of the same order as that of MVT 101 with the enzyme.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the respiratory rate as an indicator of hypoxia in infants < 2 months of age. SETTING Pediatric emergency unit of an urban teaching hospital. SUBJECTS 200 infants < 2 months, with symptom(s) of any acute illness. METHODS Respiratory rate (by observation method), and oxygen saturation (SaO(2)) by means of a pulse oximeter were recorded at admission. Infants were categorised by presence or absence of hypoxia (SaO(2) </= 90%). RESULTS The respiratory rate was >/= 50/min in 120 (60%), >/= 60/min in 101 (50. 5%), and >/= 70/min in 58 (29%) infants. Hypoxia (SaO(2) </= 90%) was seen in 77 (38.5%) infants. Respiratory rate and SaO(2) showed a significant negative correlation (r = -0.39). Respiratory rate >/= 60/min predicted hypoxia with 80% sensitivity and 68% specificity. CONCLUSION These results indicates that a respiratory rate > 60/min is a good predictor of hypoxia in infants under 2 months of age brought to the emergency service of an urban hospital for any symptom(s) of acute illness.
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A peptide inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase using alpha,beta-dehydro residues: a structure-based computer model. J Biomol Struct Dyn 1998; 16:347-54. [PMID: 9833673 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.1998.10508252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) is a key enzyme involved in the replication of the virus and is a potential target for therapeutic intervention following infection. Several drugs that inhibit the enzyme from acting have been discovered. These include nucleoside-analogue inhibitors such as AZT (zidovudine), ddI and ddC, and non-nucleoside inhibitors such as nevirapine and delavirdine. All of them, however have been found to be of limited clinical utility because the RT becomes rapidly resistant to them on account of point mutations in the enzyme. One way to partly overcome this limitation is to design an inhibitor that has interactions mainly with the backbone and the conserved residues of RT. Using a rational drug-design approach based on the high resolution X-ray crystal structure of the RT-nevirapine complex (1), and the specific design principles of peptides containing dehydro-Alanine (deltaAla) generated by our theoretical calculations, we present here the design of a peptide inhibitor of RT. Energy minimization and molecular modeling of the interaction of the designed pentapeptide with the nevirapine-binding site indicate that the inhibitor has 60% of its interactions with the conserved regions of RT as compared to 30% in the case of nevirapine, thus making it much less sensitive to mutations in the enzyme.
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The turmoil of academic physicians: what AMCs can do to ease their pain. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 1998; 73:728-730. [PMID: 9679460 DOI: 10.1097/00001888-199807000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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A proteinase K inhibitor using alpha,beta-unsaturated (dehydro) residues: a presumptive model. J Biomol Struct Dyn 1998; 15:1053-8. [PMID: 9669551 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.1998.10509000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes of the subtilisin family, of which proteinase K is a member, have been studied extensively on account of their numerous biological applications. Specific inhibitors of the proteinases are of immense importance in regulating their activity so as to protect the cells against uncontrolled proteolysis. Using the specific design principles of peptides containing dehydro-Alanine (deltaAla), generated by our theoretical calculations, we present here the design of an inhibitor of proteinase K. Energy minimization and molecular modeling of the interaction of the designed tetrapeptide with the recognition site of proteinase K indicate that it is an effective inhibitor.
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Hormone profile & polycystic ovaries in acne vulgaris. Indian J Med Res 1994; 100:73-6. [PMID: 7927560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Thirty women with acne vulgaris, 20 of whom had moderate/severe acne and ten mild acne, and ten controls matched for age were studied. Grade of hirsutism and menstrual irregularities, if any, were recorded. Hormonal measurements included gonadotropins, LH/FSH, prolactin, testosterone and androstenedione in the early follicular phase and progesterone in the luteal phase to assess ovulation. Pelvic ultrasound examination for polycystic ovaries (PCO) was done in all subjects. Sixteen patients with moderate/severe acne and one with mild acne had polycystic ovaries on ultrasound. Patients with moderate/severe acne with polycystic ovaries had high luteinizing hormone, prolactin, testosterone and androstenedione and LH/FSH ratio of more than three. Patients with polycystic ovaries were detected to have at least one hormonal abnormality.
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Abstract
To determine clinical signs that can predict pneumonia (confirmed by radiography) in infants under 2 months of age, 101 infants with pneumonia and 150 with an upper respiratory infection (but not pneumonia) were studied. Ten infants with pneumonia and 15 with an upper respiratory infection did not have the cough and/or difficult (or rapid) breathing that are recommended as 'entry criteria' by the World Health Organisation (WHO). The remaining infants met WHO entry criteria; in them sensitivity and specificity of respiratory rate > or = 60/min and/or severe chest indrawing to diagnose pneumonia was 85% and 97% respectively. Addition of four non-specific signs (stopped feeding well, looked sick, temperature < or = 38 degrees C, and abdominal distension) to respiratory rate > or = 60/min and/or chest indrawing for case identification resulted in a 7% gain in sensitivity but 22% loss of specificity. Addition of nasal flaring improved the sensitivity by 6% without loss of specificity. However, the non-specific signs were the only clue to diagnosis in five infants weighing < or = 2500 g. At age < 7 days, a weight < or = 2500 g and cyanosis were associated with significantly higher risk of mortality. These findings support the use of a respiratory rate > or = 60/min and/or chest indrawing for identification of pneumonia, and suggest addition of nasal flaring to the criteria for case identification in infants under 2 months with cough and/or difficult or rapid breathing.
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Validity of clinical signs for the identification of pneumonia in children. ANNALS OF TROPICAL PAEDIATRICS 1994; 14:53-8. [PMID: 7516135 DOI: 10.1080/02724936.1994.11747692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In a prospective study to determine simplified clinical signs predictive of pneumonia in children between 2 months and 5 years of age, and to test the validity of the signs recommended by the World Health Organization, clinical findings were correlated with X-ray evidence of pneumonia in 854 children, 400 with pneumonia and 454 with upper respiratory infections (no pneumonia). A respiratory rate of > or = 50/min in infants 2-6 months of age, > or = 40/min in children 7-35 months, and > or = 35/min in children > or = 36 months was the best discriminator of radiological evidence of pneumonia. Use of a respiratory rate of > or = 50/min instead of > or = 40/min resulted in a 14%, 19% and 32% loss of sensitivity with little gain in specificity in the age groups 7-11 months, 12-35 months and > or = 36 months, respectively. The age-specific respiratory rate (recommended by WHO) and/or chest indrawing, history of rapid or difficult breathing and/or chest indrawing, and nasal flaring were also sensitive and specific indicators of pneumonia in almost all the age groups studied.
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Ultrasonic evidence of intrahepatic portal vein irregularities in cirrhosis. Indian J Gastroenterol 1993; 12:27. [PMID: 8330922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) children (N = 26) with a learning disability (LD) and without (NLD) were compared on measures of information processing using the Learning Efficiency Test (LET). Method of presentation (visual vs. auditory), order of recall (ordered vs. non-ordered), and memory processes (immediate, short-term, and long-term) were assessed. While both groups showed more difficulty with short-term and long-term memory processes than with immediate memory processes, the ADHD-LD subjects demonstrated more difficulty processing information effectively. Ordered recall was significantly more difficult for both short-term and long-term memory processes than was unordered recall. While both groups demonstrated difficulty with auditory ordered recall under short-term and long-term conditions, the ADHD-LD subjects lost the most information under auditory conditions.
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Effects of two treatment techniques on delay and vigilance tasks with attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) children. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 1992; 126:17-25. [PMID: 1602426 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.1992.10543337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the effects of two treatment techniques under on-medication and off-medication conditions on the hyperactive behavior patterns of children. Three groups of subjects were compared: a control group, a behavior modification group, and a cognitive training group. The Gordon Diagnostic System (Gordon, McClure, & Post, 1986) was used to assess the subjects at the initial screening, during treatment without medication, and during treatment with medication. The two medication conditions were counterbalanced during the second and third testing sessions. Results showed that when the cognitive intervention was combined with medication, there was a significant improvement in the subjects' ability to delay impulsive responding. However, no significant effects were seen for sustained vigilance for either the behavioral or cognitive groups. Parents rated children in the cognitive group significantly higher than those in the control group.
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How are pediatric training programs preparing residents for practice? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DISEASES OF CHILDREN (1960) 1991; 145:1389-92. [PMID: 1669666 DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.1991.02160120057019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The majority of pediatric residents continue to choose a career in practice on completion of their training. Despite knowing residents' career preferences, many training programs have focused on inpatient tertiary care at the expense of primary care. Perhaps this reflects service needs and the significant technology and extensive information resulting in the growth of pediatric subspecialties. To determine the spectrum of didactic and clinical experiences pediatric training programs offer residents to prepare them for managing a practice, we conducted a survey of pediatric training program directors in 1988. Although the majority of residency programs have a practice management curriculum, the number of hours devoted to this area is minimal. In addition, a significant number of residents are not experiencing a community office rotation. This survey indicates the need to develop a practice management curriculum if trainees are to be prepared for choosing the right career and for being competitive in practice.
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Postcholecystectomy syndrome in northern India--study on the diagnostic and therapeutic role of ERCP. GASTROENTEROLOGIA JAPONICA 1990; 25:394-9. [PMID: 2358168 DOI: 10.1007/bf02779457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
One hundred and twenty two patients with postcholecystectomy syndrome were studied by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The procedure was successful in 105 patients (85.3%) and it accurately detected abnormality of the pancreatico-biliary system in 71 patients (67.6%). ERCP results were abnormal in 82.6% of patients with biliary symptoms, with or without jaundice, compared with 34.7% of patients with non-biliary symptoms (P less than 0.001). Though ERCP showed abnormality in all patients with biliary symptoms and jaundice, as many as 70.4% of patients without jaundice had abnormal ERCP. The commonest abnormality was retained/recurrent stones (37/105 patients). Patients with biliary strictures presented significantly more often with jaundice compared with patients with biliary stones (74.3% vs 22.3%). In 19 of the 37 patients with retained biliary stones endoscopic sphincterotomy was performed and it was successful in 16 patients (84.2%). Our data indicates that ERCP detects the anatomical level as well as the nature of lesion accurately, and is essential and safe in the diagnosis and management of patients with postcholecystectomy syndrome.
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Pneumatic dilatation in achalasia cardia. Indian J Gastroenterol 1987; 6:101-2. [PMID: 3583337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
The purpose of our study was to determine if common sleep disturbances in young children, such as night waking and bedtime struggle, tend to persist; if they are related to environmental stress factors and are accompanied by other behavior problems; and if their persistence is related to other factors. Sixty children aged 15 to 48 months (mean age 26.4 months) were studied by interviewing their mothers initially and after 3 years. Children with and without sleep disturbances were compared, with the latter serving as the control group. Twenty-five (42%: night waking, 22%; bedtime struggle, 13%; both night waking and bedtime struggle, 7%) of 60 children had sleep disturbances at the initial interview, and of these 25 children, 21 (84%) had persistence of sleep disturbances after 3 years, persistent sleep disturbances had a significant relationship with increased frequency of stress factors in the environment (P less than 0.01). Other generalized behavior difficulties were present in 30% of sleep-disturbed and 19% of non-sleep-disturbed children (P = NS). Co-sleeping (sleeping with a parent or sibling) was noted more frequently in sleep-disturbed (34%) than in non-sleep-disturbed (16%) children. Twenty percent of the mothers at initial interview and 30% at 3-year follow-up perceived their child's sleep disturbances as stressful to them and to their family life. Early identification of the child with sleep disturbances and timely intervention would help both the child and the family.
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Endoscopic sphincterotomy in the management of choledocholithiasis. THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 1987; 35:221-2. [PMID: 3611005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with chronic idiopathic ulcerative colitis. Indian J Gastroenterol 1986; 5:205-7. [PMID: 3744450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Pancreas divisum. Indian J Gastroenterol 1986; 5:211-2. [PMID: 3744451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Pneumatic dilatation of achalasia cardia in under five years of age. Indian Pediatr 1986; 23:557-60. [PMID: 3744542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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38
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Intramedullary spinal cord abscess. Indian Pediatr 1985; 22:71-4. [PMID: 4077263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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39
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Radiological abnormalities in sella turcica in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF CHEST DISEASES & ALLIED SCIENCES 1984; 26:83-6. [PMID: 6530264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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40
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Abstract
This study reports the results of psychological and physical characteristics of seven children with Williams syndrome. All subjects were found to be borderline to severely mentally retarded. The previously reported pattern of superior verbal abilities over motor abilities was not supported, nor was there any evidence of an "unusual command" of language, usually considered a marker of the syndrome. The early development profiles of these children are important for parental counseling and planning of early intervention stimulation programs.
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Abstract
Ocular manifestations of sarcoidosis in children are the second most common occurrence after hilar adenopathy and pulmonary abnormalities. We present the case history of a 14-year-old black boy who presented with redness of the left eye, blurred vision, and decreased visual acuity. He was subsequently diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. All patients with uveitis or ocular findings suggestive of sarcoidosis should have a through medical examination and a chest x-ray. Those suspected of or proven to have sarcoidosis should have a complete ophthalmological examination. Sarcoidosis in children appears to be more frequent than previously estimated.
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The tuberculin specificity in humans of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 5. THE AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE 1982; 126:600-6. [PMID: 6181724 DOI: 10.1164/arrd.1982.126.4.600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 5 is a protein antigen limited in distribution to M. tuberculosis and M. bovis and capable of eliciting typical delayed tuberculin skin test reactions in humans. A single large batch of this antigen was purified by immunoabsorbent affinity chromatography and used to skin test patients with tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections and healthy persons in general populations in geographic areas where nonspecific tuberculin reactivity is frequently encountered. Antigen 5 was found to be no more specific as a tuberculin antigen than PPD. If the available data are accepted, then either a disparity in antigen recognition by antibody and T lymphocytes may exist or the widely accepted hypothesis attributing nonspecific tuberculin reactivity to antigenic cross reactivity with other mycobacteria may be incorrect.
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Concomitant occurrence of leprosy and tuberculosis--a clinical, bacteriological and radiological evaluation. LEPROSY IN INDIA 1982; 54:671-6. [PMID: 7183833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
One hundred and seventeen consecutive patients of leprosy were bacteriologically and radiologically investigated for evidence of concomitant tuberculosis anywhere in the body. Out of the total, only 9 patients (7.7%) showed evidence of active tuberculosis bacteriologically and/or radiologically. Three patients had sputum positive for AFB, 2 out of these were radiologically negative while one had evidence of pulmonary tuberculosis. From 7 patients with radiological evidence of tuberculosis, tubercle bacilli could be grown in only one. Tuberculosis was found to occur throughout leprosy spectrum. It is important to recognise the presence of tuberculosis in leprosy patients so that proper therapeutic measures may be taken to avoid monotherapy of tuberculosis.
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Congenital cystic lesion of the lung in a new-born. Int Surg 1982; 67:430. [PMID: 7183600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Picture of the month. Short-rib polydactyly dwarfism: Saldino-Noonan type. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DISEASES OF CHILDREN (1960) 1982; 136:639-40. [PMID: 7091096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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46
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Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography in obstructive jaundice. Indian J Med Res 1982; 75:287-93. [PMID: 7085027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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47
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Congenital diaphragmatic hernia of Bochdalek's type in an adult. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF CHEST DISEASES & ALLIED SCIENCES 1982; 24:43-6. [PMID: 7141486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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