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Wright AE, Nishiyama S, Han P, Kong P, Levy M. Administration methods and dosage of poly(lactic acid)-glycol intervention to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalitis mice. BMC Neurosci 2024; 25:16. [PMID: 38468222 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-024-00859-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disorders (MOGAD) is an autoimmune central nervous system disease. Antigen-specific immune tolerance using nanoparticles such as Polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) have recently been used as a new therapeutic tolerization approach for CNS autoimmune diseases. We examined whether MOG1-125 conjugated with PLGA could induce MOG-specific immune tolerance in an experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) mouse model. EAE was induced in sixty C57BL/6 J wild-type mice using MOG1-125 peptide with complete Freund's Adjuvant. The mice were divided into 12 groups (n = 5 each) to test the ability of MOG1-125 conjugated PLGA intervention to mitigate the severity or improve the outcomes from EAE with and without rapamycin compared to antigen alone or PLGA alone. EAE score and serum MOG-IgG titers were compared among the interventions.Kindly check and confirm the processed Affiliation “4” is appropriate.I confirmed the Aff 4.Affiliation: Corresponding author information have been changed to present affiliation. Kindly check and confirm.I checked and confirmed the Corresponding author's information. RESULTS Mice with EAE that were injected intraperitoneally with MOG1-125 conjugated PLGA + rapamycin complex showed dose-dependent mitigation of EAE score. Intraperitoneal and intravenous administration resulted in similar clinical outcomes, whereas 80% of mice treated with subcutaneous injection had a recurrence of clinical score worsening after approximately 1 week. Although there was no significant difference in EAE scores between unconjugated-PLGA and MOG-conjugated PLGA, serum MOG-IgG tended to decrease in the MOG-conjugated PLGA group compared to controls. CONCLUSION Intraperitoneal administration of PLGA resulted in dose-dependent and longer-lasting immune tolerance than subcutaneous administration. The induction of immune tolerance using PLGA may represent a future therapeutic option for patients with MOGAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Wright
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuhei Nishiyama
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- , Cambridge, USA.
| | | | | | - Michael Levy
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Nishiyama S, Seok JM, Wright AE, Lotan I, Mikami T, Drosu NC, Bobrowski-Khoury N, Anderson MR, Bilodeau PA, Schindler P, Paul F, Aoki M, Yeaman MR, Levy M. Anti-aquaporin-4 immune complex stimulates complement-dependent Th17 cytokine release in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3146. [PMID: 38326464 PMCID: PMC10850367 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53661-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines, such as (IL: interleukin) IL-6 and IL-17A, and complement fixation are critical in the immunopathogenesis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). Blocking the IL-6 receptor or the C5 complement pathway reduces relapse risk. However, the role of interleukin (IL)-6 and complement in aquaporin-4 (AQP4) autoimmunity remains unclear. To investigate the role of the anti-AQP4 immunoglobulin (AQP4-IgG)/AQP4 immunocomplex on the induction and profile of ex vivo cytokine and surface marker expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) culture. Isolated PBMCs obtained from 18 patients with AQP4-IgG-seropositive-NMOSD (8 treatment-naive, 10 rituximab-treated) or ten healthy controls were cultured with AQP4-immunocomplex with or without complement. Changes in PBMC surface markers and cytokine expression were profiled using flow cytometry and ELISA. PBMCs derived from treatment-naive NMOSD patients stimulated with a complex mixture of serum complement proteins produced significant elevations of IL-17A and IL-6. Rituximab-treated patients also exhibited higher IL-6 but not IL-17A release. IL-6 and IL-17A elevations are not observed without complement. Co-stimulation of PBMCs with AQP4-IgG/AQP4 immunocomplex and complement prompts a Th17-biased response consistent with the inflammatory paradigm observed in NMOSD. A possible inflammation model is proposed via antigen-specific autoreactive peripheral blood cells, including NK/NKT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Nishiyama
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 65 Landsdowne, Lab 500, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Jin Myong Seok
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy E Wright
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Itay Lotan
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Takahisa Mikami
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Natalia C Drosu
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Natasha Bobrowski-Khoury
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monique R Anderson
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philippe A Bilodeau
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Schindler
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Michael R Yeaman
- Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Molecular Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Institute for Infection and Immunity, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Michael Levy
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Molazadeh N, Akaishi T, Bose G, Nishiyama S, Chitnis T, Levy M. Progression independent of relapses in aquaporin4-IgG-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease, and multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 80:105093. [PMID: 37949025 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.105093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) is present in Aquaporin4-IgG-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4+NMOSD), Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) and relapsing remitting Multiple sclerosis (RRMS). METHODS We retrospectively studied the change in EDSS, confirmed disability worsening (CDW) (i.e., PIRA), and new MRI lesions in AQP4+NMOSD, and MOGAD and MS patients. Linear mixed-effect regression model was used to compare the longitudinal changes in EDSS, and Cox regression was used to compare changes in MRI. RESULTS The estimated mean ΔEDSS in the AQP4+NMOSD and matched MS group were +0.06 (95%CI: -0.40, +0.52, p = 0.76), and +0.02 (95%CI: -0.05, +0.08, p = 0.6) respectively. The same estimate was -0.08 (95%CI: -0.18, +0.02, p = 0.12) in MOGAD and +0.05 (95%CI: -0.05, +0.15, p = 0.35) in matched MS group. Comparing groups for the presence of CDW (i.e., PIRA) showed that PIRA is more associated with MS compared to AQP4+NMOSD (p = 0.02) and MOGAD (p<0.001). Compared to their matched MS groups, the annualized rate of PIRA was significantly lower in AQP4 (0.08 vs 0.44; p<0.0001), and MOG groups (0.04 vs 0.13; p<0.0001). New T2 or enhancing lesions on brain MRI were higher in MS compared to AQP4+NMOSD and MOGAD patients. CONCLUSION Relapse-independent changes in the EDSS, CDW, and MRI activity are not common in AQP4+NMOSD and MOGAD, especially when compared with MS. Since our patients were on relapse prevention therapies at the time of EDSS measurements, our study supports the importance of preventing relapses in AQP4+NMOSD and MOGAD and suggests different pathologic mechanisms of relapse-free neurological damage between MS and AQP4+NMOSD/MOGAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Molazadeh
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Tetsuya Akaishi
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Gauruv Bose
- Brigham MS Center, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, ON, Canada
| | - Shuhei Nishiyama
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tanuja Chitnis
- Brigham MS Center, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Child Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michael Levy
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Srivastava P, Nishiyama S, Zhou F, Lin SH, Srivastava A, Su C, Xu Y, Peng W, Levy M, Schwarzschild M, Chen X. Peripheral MC1R Activation Modulates Immune Responses and is Neuroprotective in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2023; 18:704-717. [PMID: 38110615 PMCID: PMC10769915 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-023-10094-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) is a key pigmentation gene, and loss-of-function of MC1R variants that produce red hair may be associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). We previously reported compromised dopaminergic neuron survival in Mc1r mutant mice and dopaminergic neuroprotective effects of local injection of a MC1R agonist to the brain or a systemically administered MC1R agonist with appreciable central nervous system (CNS) permeability. Beyond melanocytes and dopaminergic neurons, MC1R is expressed in other peripheral tissues and cell types, including immune cells. The present study investigates the impact of NDP-MSH, a synthetic melanocortin receptor (MCR) agonist that does not cross BBB, on the immune system and the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in mouse model of PD. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were treated systemically with MPTP.HCl (20 mg/kg) and LPS (1 mg/kg) from day 1 to day 4 and NDP-MSH (400 µg/kg) or vehicle from day 1 to day 12 following which the mice were sacrificed. Peripheral and CNS immune cells were phenotyped and inflammatory markers were measured. The nigrostriatal dopaminergic system was assessed behaviorally, chemically, immunologically, and pathologically. To understand the role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in this model, CD25 monoclonal antibody was used to deplete CD25 + Tregs. RESULTS Systemic NDP-MSH administration significantly attenuated striatal dopamine depletion and nigral dopaminergic neuron loss induced by MPTP + LPS. It improved the behavioral outcomes in the pole test. Mc1r mutant mice injected with NDP-MSH in the MPTP and LPS paradigm showed no changes in striatal dopamine levels suggesting that the NDP-MSH acts through the MC1R pathway. Although no NDP-MSH was detected in the brain, peripheral, NDP-MSH attenuated neuroinflammation as observed by diminished microglial activation in the nigral region, along with reduced TNF-α and IL1β levels in the ventral midbrain. Depletion of Tregs was associated with diminished neuroprotective effects of NDP-MSH. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that peripherally acting NDP-MSH confers protection on dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons and reduces hyperactivated microglia. NDP-MSH modulates peripheral immune responses, and Tregs may be involved in the neuroprotective effect of NDP-MSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Srivastava
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Shuhei Nishiyama
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Fang Zhou
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Sonia H Lin
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Akriti Srivastava
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Chienwen Su
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Yuehang Xu
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Weiyi Peng
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Levy
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Michael Schwarzschild
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Xiqun Chen
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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Lotan I, Nishiyama S, Wright A, Myoung Seok J, Levy M. Electrophysiological and Histological Correlations of Optic Neuritis in the Dark Agouti Rat Model of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Neuroscience 2023; 524:89-93. [PMID: 37290683 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of Inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) disease. Dark agouti (DA) rats immunized with full-length myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG1-125) typically develop a relapsing-remitting EAE form characterized by predominant demyelinating involvement of the spinal cord and optic nerve. Visually evoked potentials (VEP) are a useful objective tool to assess the optic nerve function and monitor electrophysiological changes in optic neuritis (ON). The current study aimed to assess the VEP changes in MOG-EAE DA rats using a minimally invasive recording device and to correlate them with histological findings. Twelve MOG-EAE DA rats and four controls underwent VEP recording at day 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 post-EAE induction. Tissue samples were obtained on days 14, 21, and 28 from two EAE rats and one control. The median VEP latencies were significantly higher on days 14, 21, and 28 compared to baseline, with maximal latencies observed on day 21. The histological analyses on day 14 demonstrated inflammation with largely preserved myelin and axonal structures. Inflammation and demyelination with largely preserved axons were evident on days 21 and 28, which correlated with prolonged VEP latencies. These findings suggest that VEPs may be a reliable biomarker reflecting the optic nerve involvement in EAE. Moreover, the use of a minimally invasive device enables observation of VEP changes over time in MOG-EAE DA rats. Our findings may have important implications for testing the potential neuroprotective and regenerative effects of new therapies for CNS demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay Lotan
- Neuroimmunology Clinic and Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology and Neuroimmunology Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel..
| | - Shuhei Nishiyama
- Neuroimmunology Clinic and Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy Wright
- Neuroimmunology Clinic and Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jin Myoung Seok
- Neuroimmunology Clinic and Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Levy
- Neuroimmunology Clinic and Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Srivastava P, Nishiyama S, Lin SH, Srivastava A, Su C, Peng W, Levy M, Schwarzschild M, Xu Y, Chen X. Peripheral MC1R activation modulates immune responses and is neuroprotective in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3042571. [PMID: 37398302 PMCID: PMC10312952 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3042571/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) is a key pigmentation gene, and loss-of-function of MC1R variants that produce red hair may be associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). We previously reported compromised dopaminergic neuron survival in Mc1r mutant mice and dopaminergic neuroprotective effects of local injection of a MC1R agonist to the brain or a systemically administered MC1R agonist with appreciable CNS permeability. Beyond melanocytes and dopaminergic neurons, MC1R is expressed in other peripheral tissues and cell types, including immune cells. The present study investigates the impact of NDP-MSH, a synthetic melanocortin receptor (MCR) agonist that does not cross BBB, on the immune system and the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in mouse model of PD. Methods C57BL/6 mice were treated systemically with MPTP.HCl (20 mg/kg) and LPS (1 mg/kg) from day 1 to day 4 and NDP-MSH (400 μg/kg) or vehicle from day 1 to day 12 following which the mice were sacrificed. Peripheral and CNS immune cells were phenotyped and inflammatory markers were measured. The nigrostriatal dopaminergic system was assessed behaviorally, chemically, immunologically, and pathologically. To understand the role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in this model, CD25 monoclonal antibody was used to deplete CD25+ Tregs. Results Systemic NDP-MSH administration significantly attenuated striatal dopamine depletion and nigral dopaminergic neuron loss induced by MPTP+LPS. It improved the behavioral outcomes in the pole test. Mc1r mutant mice injected with NDP-MSH in the MPTP and LPS paradigm showed no changes in striatal dopamine levels suggesting that the NDP-MSH acts through the MC1R pathway. Although no NDP-MSH was detected in the brain, peripheral, NDP-MSH attenuated neuroinflammation as observed by diminished microglial activation in the nigral region, along with reduced TNF-α and IL1β levels in the ventral midbrain. Depletion of Tregs limited the neuroprotective effects of NDP-MSH. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that peripherally acting NDP-MSH confers protection on dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons and reduces hyperactivated microglia. NDP-MSH modulates peripheral immune responses, and Tregs may be involved in the neuroprotective effect of NDP-MSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Srivastava
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Shuhei Nishiyama
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Sonia H Lin
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Akriti Srivastava
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Chienwen Su
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Weiyi Peng
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston
| | - Michael Levy
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Michael Schwarzschild
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Yuehang Xu
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Xiqun Chen
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
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Akaishi T, Misu T, Fujihara K, Nakaya K, Nakaya N, Nakamura T, Kogure M, Hatanaka R, Itabashi F, Kanno I, Kaneko K, Takahashi T, Fujimori J, Takai Y, Nishiyama S, Ishii T, Aoki M, Nakashima I, Hozawa A. White blood cell count profiles in anti-aquaporin-4 antibody seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6481. [PMID: 37081126 PMCID: PMC10119079 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33827-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
White blood cell (WBC) count profiles in anti-aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-NMOSD) and anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) are still unknown. This study evaluated the total WBC count, differential WBC counts, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with these diseases within three months from an attack before acute treatment or relapse prevention and compared the profiles with those in matched volunteers or in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. AQP4-NMOSD patients (n = 13) had a higher neutrophil count (p = 0.0247), monocyte count (p = 0.0359), MLR (p = 0.0004), and NLR (p = 0.0037) and lower eosinophil (p = 0.0111) and basophil (p = 0.0283) counts than those of AQP4-NMOSD-matched volunteers (n = 65). Moreover, patients with MOGAD (n = 26) had a higher overall WBC count (p = 0.0001), neutrophil count (p < 0.0001), monocyte count (p = 0.0191), MLR (p = 0.0320), and NLR (p = 0.0002) than those of MOGAD-matched volunteers (n = 130). The three demyelinating diseases showed similar levels of the total and differential WBC counts; however, MOGAD and MS showed different structures in the hierarchical clustering and distributions on a two-dimensional canonical plot using differential WBC counts from the other three groups. WBC count profiles were similar in patients with MOGAD and MS but differed from profiles in matched volunteers or patients with AQP4-NMOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Akaishi
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-Machi 1-1, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Tatsuro Misu
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-Machi 1-1, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kazuo Fujihara
- Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kumi Nakaya
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakaya
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakamura
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mana Kogure
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Rieko Hatanaka
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fumi Itabashi
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ikumi Kanno
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Kaneko
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-Machi 1-1, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-Machi 1-1, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Yonezawa National Hospital, Yonezawa, Japan
| | - Juichi Fujimori
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Takai
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-Machi 1-1, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nishiyama
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-Machi 1-1, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ishii
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-Machi 1-1, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakashima
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hozawa
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Eba S, Nishiyama S, Notsuda H, Oishi H, Noda M, Aoki M, Okada Y. Development of Paraneoplastic Neuromyelitis Optica after Lung Resection in a Patient with Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2023; 29:49-52. [PMID: 34690217 PMCID: PMC9939678 DOI: 10.5761/atcs.cr.21-00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological paraneoplastic syndrome is a relatively rare condition in patients with malignant tumors. Recently, it has been reported that anti-Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibody is highly specific for neuromyelitis optica. The patient was a 76-year-old man. He underwent right upper lobectomy for squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Although the immediate postoperative course was uneventful, neurological symptoms became apparent from postoperative day (POD) 4. Magnetic resonance imaging showed longitudinally extended edematous lesions in the spinal cord, and a cerebrospinal fluid examination was positive for anti-AQP4 antibody, leading to the diagnosis of paraneoplastic neuromyelitis optica. Despite multiple rounds of steroid pulse therapy and plasma exchange, the neurological symptoms worsened and the patient died on POD 46. The development of neuromyelitis optica in the early postoperative period could be related to the influence of surgical stress or epidural anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Eba
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan,Corresponding author: Shunsuke Eba, MD, PhD. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nishiyama
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Notsuda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hisashi Oishi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masafumi Noda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Okada
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Nishiyama S, Wright AE, Lotan I, Mikami T, Paul F, Aoki M, Levy M. Upregulated complement receptors correlate with Fc gamma receptor 3A-positive natural killer and natural killer-T cells in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:296. [PMID: 36503481 PMCID: PMC9743562 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02661-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Inhibition of terminal complement in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) using eculizumab helps prevent relapses, but the exact mechanism of action of the drug remains unclear. Similarly, genetic variants in the Fc Gamma receptor 3A (FCGR3A), also known as CD16, are correlated with outcomes in NMOSD, but the immune cells expressing those CD16 are unknown. We compared CD16 expression on immune cells modulated by complement activity in natural killer (NK) cells and natural killer-T (NKT) cells in NMOSD to disease and normal-healthy controls. METHODS Peripheral blood cell (PBMC) samples from 45 patients with NMOSD with aquaporin 4 (AQP4)-IgG, 18 disease controls, and 19 normal controls were analyzed for CD16 expression and complement receptors in vitro. RESULTS At baseline, the number of NKT cells was increased in NMOSD (p < 0.001), but the proportion that was CD16 positive was lower compared to normal and disease controls (p = 0.0012). NK cell count was normal, but the ratio that was CD16 positive was also significantly lower (p < 0.001). In both NK cells and NKT cells from NMOSD, C5 complement receptor expression was much higher than normal and disease controls (p < 0.001 for both). We also evaluated activation markers CD69 and CD83, which were also significantly higher in NK and NKT cells from NMOSD patients. FCGR3A p158 V/V genotype group in NMOSD patients showed decreased NK cell proportion with activation, and fewer CD16-expressing NKT cells than the F/F genotype group. DISCUSSION Our results support an immunopathogenesis model in which complement pathway activation in NK/NKT cells upregulates CD16 expression that binds to antibody/antigen complexes. In the context of NMOSD, these complement-sensitive cells may be responsible for the escalating autoimmune activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Nishiyama
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Building 114, 16th St., Room 3150, Charlestown, MA 02129 Boston, USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
| | - Amy E. Wright
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Building 114, 16th St., Room 3150, Charlestown, MA 02129 Boston, USA
| | - Itay Lotan
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Building 114, 16th St., Room 3150, Charlestown, MA 02129 Boston, USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Takahisa Mikami
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Building 114, 16th St., Room 3150, Charlestown, MA 02129 Boston, USA ,grid.67033.310000 0000 8934 4045Department of Neurology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Friedemann Paul
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Masashi Aoki
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
| | - Michael Levy
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Building 114, 16th St., Room 3150, Charlestown, MA 02129 Boston, USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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10
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Nishiyama S, Wright A, Lotan I, Paul F, Levy M. Upregulated Complement Receptors Correlate With Fc Gamma Receptor 3A-Positive Natural Killer Cells (NK) and Natural Killer-T Cells (NKT) in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder. Neurology 2022. [DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000903056.59789.7a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo clarify if NK and NKT cells are activated via complement in NMOSD.BackgroundInhibition of terminal complement in NMOSD using eculizumab has been shown to be helpful in preventing relapses but exactly how the drug is working is not clear. Similarly, genetic variants in the Fc Gamma receptor 3A are correlated with outcomes in NMOSD but the immune cells expressing those FcGR3A receptors are unknown. We compared FcGR3A expression on immune cells modulated by complement activity in NK cells and NKT cells in NMOSD to disease controls and healthy people.Design/MethodsPeripheral blood cell (PBMC) samples from 45 patients with NMOSD with AQP4-IgG, 18 disease controls, and 19 normal controls were analyzed for FcGR3A expression and complement receptors in vitro.ResultsAt baseline, the number of NKT cells were increased in NMOSD (p < 0.001), but the proportion that were FcGR3A positive was lower compared to healthy and disease controls (p = 0.0012). NK cell count was normal at baseline but also but the proportion that were FcGR3A positive was also relatively lower (p < 0.001). In both NK cells and NKT cells from NMOSD, C5 complement receptor expression was much higher compared to healthy and disease controls (p < 0.001 for both). We also evaluated activation markers CD69 and CD83, which were also much higher in NK and NKT cells from NMOSD patients.ConclusionsOur results support a model of immunopathogenesis model in which complement pathway activation in NK/NKT cells upregulate FcGR3A expression that bind to antibody/antigen complexes. In the context of NMOSD, these complement-sensitive cells may be responsible for escalating autoimmune activity.
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Lotan I, Nishiyama S, Manzano GS, Lydston M, Levy M. COVID-19 and the risk of CNS demyelinating diseases: A systematic review. Front Neurol 2022; 13:970383. [PMID: 36203986 PMCID: PMC9530047 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.970383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Viral infections are a proposed possible cause of inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). During the past 2 years, CNS demyelinating events associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection have been reported, but causality is unclear. Objective To investigate the relationship between CNS demyelinating disease development and exacerbation with antecedent and/or concurrent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods A systematic literature review of all publications describing either a new diagnosis or relapse of CNS demyelinating diseases (MS, NMOSD, MOGAD) in association with SARS-CoV-2 infection was performed utilizing PRISMA guidelines. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis, using a case analysis approach. Results Sixty-seven articles met the inclusion criteria for the study. Most of the reported cases of NMOSD (n = 13, 72.2% of reported cases) and MOGAD (n = 27, 96.5% of reported cases) were of new disease onset, presenting with typical clinical and radiographic features of these conditions, respectively. In contrast, reported MS cases varied amongst newly diagnosed cases (n = 10, 10.5% of reported cases), relapses (n = 63, 66.4%) and pseudo-relapses (n = 22, 23.2%). The median duration between COVID-19 infection and demyelinating event onset was 11.5 days (range 0–90 days) in NMOSD, 6 days (range−7 to +45 days) in MOGAD, and 13.5 days (range−21 to +180 days) in MS. Most cases received high-dose corticosteroids with a good clinical outcome. Conclusion Based upon available literature, the rate of CNS demyelinating events occurring in the setting of preceding or concurrent SARS-CoV-2 infection is relatively low considering the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The clinical outcomes of new onset or relapsing MS, NMOSD, or MOGAD associated with antecedent or concurrent infection were mostly favorable. Larger prospective epidemiological studies are needed to better delineate the impact of COVID-19 on CNS demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay Lotan
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfectious Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Itay Lotan ;
| | - Shuhei Nishiyama
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfectious Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Giovanna S. Manzano
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfectious Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Melissa Lydston
- Treadwell Virtual Library for the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michael Levy
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfectious Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Akaishi T, Himori N, Takeshita T, Misu T, Takahashi T, Takai Y, Nishiyama S, Kaneko K, Fujimori J, Ishii T, Aoki M, Fujihara K, Nakazawa T, Nakashima I. Follow-up of retinal thickness and optic MRI after optic neuritis in anti-MOG antibody-associated disease and anti-AQP4 antibody-positive NMOSD. J Neurol Sci 2022; 437:120269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2022.120269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Kiyohara M, Shirai T, Nishiyama S, Sato H, Fujii H, Ishii T, Harigae H. Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis Development in Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis at Relapse of Disease: A Case-Based Review. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2022; 256:241-247. [PMID: 35321968 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.256.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic pachymeningitis (HP) presents with thickening of the dura mater in the cerebrum and spine, and its symptoms vary depending on the affected location. The association of HP with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis has been recognized, and most cases are complicated by granulomatosis with polyangiitis. We report the case of a 47-year-old man who presented with HP upon relapse of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), with literature review. He presented with disturbance of consciousness, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed thickening of the dura mater around the left parietal lobe. Although myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA was positive on EGPA diagnosis, the elevation of MPO-ANCA was not documented at the onset of HP. Brain perfusion scintigraphy showed an increase in blood flow in the left parietal lobe and temporal lobe, and electroencephalogram (EEG) revealed slow waves in the left parietal lobe. He was treated with a high dose of corticosteroid and rituximab, and the slow waves on EEG and brain perfusion were normalized. Although the most frequent symptom of HP is headache, disturbance of consciousness can be the manifestation of HP, and inflammation of HP could affect the cerebral parenchyma, which can be documented as abnormal EEG and perfusion scintigraphy. Literature review revealed that most of the HP in EGPA developed when EGPA relapsed, and was observed in patients with MPO-ANCA positivity. HP develops without evidence of other clinical features of EGPA; therefore, adequate imaging, including contrast-enhanced MRI, is necessary. Rituximab may be effective for treating HP complicated with EGPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machi Kiyohara
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tsuyoshi Shirai
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shuhei Nishiyama
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroko Sato
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroshi Fujii
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tomonori Ishii
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hideo Harigae
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
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14
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Rice DR, Nishiyama S, Pardo S, Cabal Herrera AM, Levy M, Mateen FJ. A point-of-care diagnostic test for aquaporin-4 antibody seropositive neuromyelitis optica. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 60:103716. [PMID: 35247751 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.103716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the need for specialized laboratory techniques, diagnostic testing for serum antibodies to aquaporin-4, a protein associated with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), is not globally accessible. We aimed to evaluate a novel point-of-care, filter paper-based test for serum AQP4 antibodies (AQP4-Ab). METHODS Adults with AQP4-Ab seropositive NMOSD and seronegative controls (with other central nervous system demyelinating diagnoses) used lancets to place blood drops (∼1 mL) on filter paper cards. Samples were analyzed after an average of 9.4 days using transfected AQP4-GFP HEK293 cells, and results were compared to participants' prior serum AQP4-Ab test results by blinded laboratory staff. RESULTS Of 40 participants (mean age 53.7 years; 83% female), 25 were cases and 15 were controls. The most common diagnosis of controls was multiple sclerosis (73%). The average NMOSD disease duration was 6.3 years. All AQP4-Ab seropositive participants were on disease modifying therapies at the time of participation. The point-of-care test yielded a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 93% (positive and negative predictive values 95% and 74%). CONCLUSION This point-of-care AQP4-Ab testing method may become a pragmatic option to diagnose AQP4-Ab seropositive NMOSD in difficult-to-reach settings. This method should be confirmed with other testing parameters and field tested in new populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan R Rice
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Shuhei Nishiyama
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Santiago Pardo
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Ana M Cabal Herrera
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Michael Levy
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Farrah J Mateen
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America.
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15
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Nishiyama S. [Studying Abroad for Basic Research During the COVID-19 Pandemic]. Brain Nerve 2022; 74:36-39. [PMID: 34992169 DOI: 10.11477/mf.1416201974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by a new type of coronavirus, has increased the difficulty of studying abroad for basic research. However, the associated system has changed in response to the coronavirus disaster. In addition, a framework has been built to enable research to be conducted even under a new lifestyle. Although there are many differences betwee studying abroad currently and before the pandemic, you should not give up on your dreams; I encourage you to open the door and challenge yourself.
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Akaishi T, Misu T, Fujihara K, Takahashi T, Takai Y, Nishiyama S, Kaneko K, Fujimori J, Ishii T, Aoki M, Nakashima I. Relapse activity in the chronic phase of anti-myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease. J Neurol 2021; 269:3136-3146. [PMID: 34820735 PMCID: PMC9120114 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10914-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective The patterns of relapse and relapse-prevention strategies for anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) are not completely investigated. We compared the patterns of relapse in later stages of MOGAD with those of anti-aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-Ab)-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Methods In this observational, comparative cohort study, 66 patients with MOGAD and 90 with AQP4-Ab-positive NMOSD were enrolled. We compared the patterns of relapse and annualized relapse rates (ARRs) in the first 10 years from disease onset, stratified by relapse-prevention treatments. Results Approximately 50% of the patients with MOGAD experienced relapses in the first 10 years. Among those not undergoing relapse-prevention treatments, ARRs in the first 5 years were slightly lower in MOGAD patients than in AQP4-Ab-positive NMOSD patients (MOGAD vs. AQP4-Ab NMOSD: 0.19 vs. 0.30; p = 0.0753). After 5 years, the ARR decreased in MOGAD patients (MOGAD vs. AQP4-Ab NMOSD: 0.05 vs. 0.34; p = 0.0001), with a 72% reduction from the first 5 years (p = 0.0090). Eight (61.5%) of the 13 MOGAD patients with more than 10-year follow-up from disease onset showed relapse 10 years after onset. Clustering in the timing and phenotype of attacks was observed in both disease patients. The effectiveness of long-term low-dose oral PSL for relapse prevention in patients with MOGAD has not been determined. Conclusions The relapse risk in patients with MOGAD is generally lower than that in patients with AQP4-Ab-positive NMOSD, especially 5 years after onset. Meanwhile, relapses later than 10 years from onset are not rare in both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Akaishi
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Tatsuro Misu
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kazuo Fujihara
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
- Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Yonezawa National Hospital, Yonezawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Takai
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nishiyama
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Kaneko
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Juichi Fujimori
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ishii
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakashima
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
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Akaishi T, Misu T, Fujihara K, Nakaya N, Nakamura T, Kogure M, Hatanaka R, Itabashi F, Kanno I, Takahashi T, Kuroda H, Fujimori J, Takai Y, Nishiyama S, Kaneko K, Ishii T, Aoki M, Nakashima I, Hozawa A. White blood cell count profiles in multiple sclerosis during attacks before the initiation of acute and chronic treatments. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22357. [PMID: 34785750 PMCID: PMC8595427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01942-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a major demyelinating disease of the central nervous system; however, its exact mechanism is unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the profile of white blood cells (WBCs) in the acute phase of an MS attack. Sixty-four patients with MS at the time of diagnosis and 2492 age- and sex-adjusted healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. Data regarding the blood cell counts were compared between the groups. The total WBC (p < 0.0001), monocyte (p < 0.0001), basophil (p = 0.0027), and neutrophil (p < 0.0001) counts were higher in the MS group than in the HC group, whereas the lymphocyte and eosinophil counts did not differ. Adjustments for the smoking status and body mass index yielded the same results. The total and differential WBC counts of the patients with MS did not correlate with the counts of T2 hyperintense brain lesions or the levels of neurological disturbance. In summary, patients with MS showed elevated counts of total WBCs, monocytes, basophils, and neutrophils at the time of diagnosis. However, the clinical relevance of these biomarkers in the context of the development and progression of MS remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Akaishi
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan. .,Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Tatsuro Misu
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kazuo Fujihara
- Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakaya
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakamura
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mana Kogure
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Rieko Hatanaka
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fumi Itabashi
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ikumi Kanno
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.,Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Yonezawa National Hospital, Yonezawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kuroda
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Juichi Fujimori
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Takai
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nishiyama
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Kaneko
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ishii
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakashima
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hozawa
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Saito Y, Otaki Y, Watanabe T, Wanezaki M, Kutsuzawa D, Tamura H, Kato S, Nishiyama S, Arimoto T, Takahashi H, Watanabe M. Effect of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphism on cardiovascular death and nonfatal myocardial infarction in Japanese general population. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) have been reported to be associated with diabetes mellitus and myocardial infarction. However, few reports have prospectively investigated the effects of NOS3 SNP on cardiovascular death and nonfatal myocardial infarction.
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of NOS3 SNP on cardiovascular death and the development of nonfatal myocardial infarction.
Methods
This prospective cohort study included 2,752 subjects (aged ≥40) who participated in a community based health checkup. We genotyped two SNPs within NOS3 (rs1808593, rs1799983). All subjects were prospectively followed during the median follow-up period of 15.4 years with the end point of cardiovascular death and nonfatal myocardial infarction.
Results
The homozygous G-allele (GG), heterozygous (GT), and homozygous T-allele (TT) carriers of rs1808593 were identified in 60 (2%), 706 (26%), and 1,986 (72%) subjects, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that homozygous G-allele carriers of rs1808593 had the greater risk than those without. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis revealed that the homozygous G allele of rs1808593 was associated with cardiovascular death and the development of nonfatal myocardial infarction after adjusting for confounding risk factors.
Conclusions
NOS3 gene polymorphism could be a genetic risk factor for cardiovascular death and nonfatal myocardial infarction in the Japanese general population.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None. Figure 1
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Saito
- Yamagata University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Y Otaki
- Yamagata University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Watanabe
- Yamagata University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - M Wanezaki
- Yamagata University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - D Kutsuzawa
- Yamagata University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - H Tamura
- Yamagata University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - S Kato
- Yamagata University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - S Nishiyama
- Yamagata University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Arimoto
- Yamagata University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - H Takahashi
- Yamagata University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - M Watanabe
- Yamagata University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
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Watanabe K, Watanabe T, Otaki Y, Murase T, Nakamura T, Hashimoto N, Kutsuzawa D, Kato S, Tamura H, Nishiyama S, Takahashi H, Arimoto T, Watanabe M. Gender differences in the impact of plasma xanthine oxidoreductase activity on coronary artery spasm. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.1304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
It has been reported that decreased nitric oxide bioavailability due to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the most important causes of coronary artery spasm (CAS). Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is the rate-limiting enzyme for uric acid (UA) production and plays a pivotal role in generating ROS. It was reported that the gender differences exist in the impact of serum UA levels on cardiovascular risks. We previously demonstrated that increased plasma XOR activity is significantly associated with the incidence of CAS. However, the gender differences in the impact of plasma XOR activity on CAS remain unclear.
Purpose
The aim of this study was to examine the gender differences in the clinical impact of plasma XOR activity on CAS.
Methods
We investigated plasma XOR activity in 132 patients suspected for CAS (male, n=78; female, n=54), and underwent intracoronary acetylcholine provocation test. XOR activity assay was performed using stable isotope-labeled substrate and liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Provoked CAS was defined as total or subtotal occlusion (≥90%) with accompanying symptoms of chest pain and/or ischemic ST-segment changes on the electrocardiogram. We excluded the patients who had significant coronary artery stenosis (≥50%) and/or were taking XOR inhibitors.
Results
Plasma XOR activity was significantly lower in female compared with male patients (30.3 pmol/h/mL, interquartile range (IQR) 22.8–42.7 vs. 51.7 pmol/h/mL, IQR 34.7–101.8; P<0.001). CAS was provoked in 36 male patients and 17 female patients, and they each had significantly higher plasma XOR activity compared with those without, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that plasma XOR activity was independently associated with the incidence of CAS in both genders after adjustment for confounding factors. The optimal cut-off values for predicting CAS were lower in female than those in male patients (52.3 vs. 91.6 pmol/h/mL). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that female patients with high XOR activity (≥52.3 pmol/h/mL; odds ratio [OR] 22.6, P<0.001) exhibited a higher incidence of CAS compared with that in male patients (≥91.6 pmol/h/mL; OR 8.2, P<0.001).
Conclusions
Plasma XOR activity was an independent predictor for the incidence of CAS in both genders. The impact of plasma XOR activity on CAS was stronger in female patients than in male patients.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None. Figure 1Figure 2
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Affiliation(s)
- K Watanabe
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Watanabe
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Y Otaki
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Murase
- Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd., Radioisotope and Chemical Analysis Center, Mie, Japan
| | - T Nakamura
- Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd., Pharmacological Study Group, Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Mie, Japan
| | - N Hashimoto
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - D Kutsuzawa
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - S Kato
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - H Tamura
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - S Nishiyama
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - H Takahashi
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Arimoto
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - M Watanabe
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
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Akaishi T, Himori N, Takeshita T, Misu T, Takahashi T, Takai Y, Nishiyama S, Fujimori J, Ishii T, Aoki M, Fujihara K, Nakazawa T, Nakashima I. Five-year visual outcomes after optic neuritis in anti-MOG antibody-associated disease. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 56:103222. [PMID: 34461572 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.103222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Optic neuritis (ON) is a major phenotype of clinical attack related to demyelinating neurological diseases of the central nervous system, including multiple sclerosis (MS), anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). As the concept of MOGAD is relatively new, the long-term visual outcomes after ON in MOGAD remains unclear. METHODS To elucidate the long-term visual prognosis after ON in MOGAD, patients with MOGAD whose visual acuity were regularly followed for more than 5 years from the onset of ON were enrolled. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at nadir in the acute phase and at 1 and 5 years from onset was evaluated. The data from patients with MOGAD were compared with those from patients with MS or anti-AQP4-positive NMOSD. RESULTS Twenty-three patients (31 ON-involved eyes) with MOGAD, 20 patients (24 ON-involved eyes) with MS, and 22 patients (24 ON-involved eyes) with anti-AQP4-positive NMOSD were evaluated. All BCVA at nadir, 1 year, and 5 years from the onset of ON were much worse in anti-AQP4-positive NMOSD than in MS (p = 0.0024) and MOGAD (p = 0.0014) patients. In MOGAD and anti-AQP4-positive NMOSD, the serum disease-specific antibody titer was not associated with the subsequent visual prognosis. Visual acuity had almost fully recovered spontaneously or shortly after initiating acute treatment in 22 of the 23 patients with MOGAD-ON. The administration of high-dose intravenous steroid therapy further facilitated early recovery of visual acuity. Meanwhile, a small fraction of patients with extensive optic nerve lesions involving the chiasma irreversibly experienced severe visual impairment despite appropriate acute treatment. CONCLUSION Although a small fraction of patients with MOGAD who presented with extensive optic nerve lesions experienced irreversible severe visual impairment, the long-term visual outcomes after 5 years from ON in patients with MOGAD were generally as good as that in patients with MS and much better than that in patients with anti-AQP4-positive NMOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Akaishi
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan; Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Noriko Himori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takayuki Takeshita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Misu
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan; Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Yonezawa National Hospital, Yonezawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Takai
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nishiyama
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Juichi Fujimori
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ishii
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kazuo Fujihara
- Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Toru Nakazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakashima
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
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21
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Akaishi T, Takahashi T, Misu T, Kaneko K, Takai Y, Nishiyama S, Ogawa R, Fujimori J, Ishii T, Aoki M, Fujihara K, Nakashima I. Difference in the Source of Anti-AQP4-IgG and Anti-MOG-IgG Antibodies in CSF in Patients With Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder. Neurology 2021; 97:e1-e12. [PMID: 33980704 PMCID: PMC8312856 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To elucidate the differences in the source and in the level of intrathecal synthesis between anti–aquaporin-4 antibodies (AQP4-IgG) and anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (MOG-IgG). Methods Thirty-eight patients with MOG-IgG–associated disease and 36 with AQP4-IgG–positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) were studied for the antibody titers in the sera and CSF simultaneously collected in the acute attacks. The quotients between CSF and serum levels of albumin, total immunoglobulin G, and each disease-specific antibody were calculated. Intrathecal production level in each disease-specific antibody was evaluated by calculating the antibody index from these quotients. Results Eleven of the 38 patients with MOG-IgG were positive for the antibody only in the CSF, while no patient with AQP4-IgG showed CSF-restricted AQP4-IgG. Blood-brain barrier compromise as shown by raised albumin quotients was seen in 75.0% of MOG-IgG–positive cases and 43.8% of AQP4-IgG–positive cases. Moreover, MOG-IgG quotients were >10 times higher than AQP4-IgG quotients (effect size r = 0.659, p < 0.0001). Elevated antibody index (>4.0) was confirmed in 12 of 21 with MOG-IgG, whereas it was seen only in 1 of 16 with AQP4-IgG (φ = 0.528, p < 0.0001). The CSF MOG-IgG titers (ρ = 0.519, p = 0.001) and antibody indexes for MOG-IgG (ρ = 0.472, p = 0.036) correlated with the CSF cell counts but not with clinical disability. Conclusions Intrathecal production of MOG-IgG may occur more frequently than that of AQP4-IgG. This finding implies the different properties of B-cell trafficking and antibody production between MOG-IgG–associated disease and AQP4-IgG–positive NMOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Akaishi
- From the Department of Neurology (T.A., T.T., T.M., K.K., Y.T., S.N., R.O., M.A.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine (T.A., T.I.), Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai; Department of Neurology (T.T.), National Hospital Organization Yonezawa National Hospital; Department of Neurology (J.F., I.N.), Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai; and Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (K.F.), Fukushima Medical University, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Takahashi
- From the Department of Neurology (T.A., T.T., T.M., K.K., Y.T., S.N., R.O., M.A.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine (T.A., T.I.), Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai; Department of Neurology (T.T.), National Hospital Organization Yonezawa National Hospital; Department of Neurology (J.F., I.N.), Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai; and Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (K.F.), Fukushima Medical University, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Misu
- From the Department of Neurology (T.A., T.T., T.M., K.K., Y.T., S.N., R.O., M.A.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine (T.A., T.I.), Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai; Department of Neurology (T.T.), National Hospital Organization Yonezawa National Hospital; Department of Neurology (J.F., I.N.), Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai; and Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (K.F.), Fukushima Medical University, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Kaneko
- From the Department of Neurology (T.A., T.T., T.M., K.K., Y.T., S.N., R.O., M.A.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine (T.A., T.I.), Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai; Department of Neurology (T.T.), National Hospital Organization Yonezawa National Hospital; Department of Neurology (J.F., I.N.), Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai; and Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (K.F.), Fukushima Medical University, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Takai
- From the Department of Neurology (T.A., T.T., T.M., K.K., Y.T., S.N., R.O., M.A.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine (T.A., T.I.), Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai; Department of Neurology (T.T.), National Hospital Organization Yonezawa National Hospital; Department of Neurology (J.F., I.N.), Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai; and Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (K.F.), Fukushima Medical University, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nishiyama
- From the Department of Neurology (T.A., T.T., T.M., K.K., Y.T., S.N., R.O., M.A.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine (T.A., T.I.), Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai; Department of Neurology (T.T.), National Hospital Organization Yonezawa National Hospital; Department of Neurology (J.F., I.N.), Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai; and Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (K.F.), Fukushima Medical University, Japan
| | - Ryo Ogawa
- From the Department of Neurology (T.A., T.T., T.M., K.K., Y.T., S.N., R.O., M.A.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine (T.A., T.I.), Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai; Department of Neurology (T.T.), National Hospital Organization Yonezawa National Hospital; Department of Neurology (J.F., I.N.), Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai; and Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (K.F.), Fukushima Medical University, Japan
| | - Juichi Fujimori
- From the Department of Neurology (T.A., T.T., T.M., K.K., Y.T., S.N., R.O., M.A.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine (T.A., T.I.), Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai; Department of Neurology (T.T.), National Hospital Organization Yonezawa National Hospital; Department of Neurology (J.F., I.N.), Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai; and Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (K.F.), Fukushima Medical University, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ishii
- From the Department of Neurology (T.A., T.T., T.M., K.K., Y.T., S.N., R.O., M.A.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine (T.A., T.I.), Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai; Department of Neurology (T.T.), National Hospital Organization Yonezawa National Hospital; Department of Neurology (J.F., I.N.), Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai; and Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (K.F.), Fukushima Medical University, Japan
| | - Masashi Aoki
- From the Department of Neurology (T.A., T.T., T.M., K.K., Y.T., S.N., R.O., M.A.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine (T.A., T.I.), Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai; Department of Neurology (T.T.), National Hospital Organization Yonezawa National Hospital; Department of Neurology (J.F., I.N.), Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai; and Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (K.F.), Fukushima Medical University, Japan
| | - Kazuo Fujihara
- From the Department of Neurology (T.A., T.T., T.M., K.K., Y.T., S.N., R.O., M.A.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine (T.A., T.I.), Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai; Department of Neurology (T.T.), National Hospital Organization Yonezawa National Hospital; Department of Neurology (J.F., I.N.), Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai; and Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (K.F.), Fukushima Medical University, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakashima
- From the Department of Neurology (T.A., T.T., T.M., K.K., Y.T., S.N., R.O., M.A.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine (T.A., T.I.), Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai; Department of Neurology (T.T.), National Hospital Organization Yonezawa National Hospital; Department of Neurology (J.F., I.N.), Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai; and Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (K.F.), Fukushima Medical University, Japan
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Takai Y, Misu T, Suzuki H, Takahashi T, Okada H, Tanaka S, Okita K, Sasou S, Watanabe M, Namatame C, Matsumoto Y, Ono H, Kaneko K, Nishiyama S, Kuroda H, Nakashima I, Lassmann H, Fujihara K, Itoyama Y, Aoki M. Staging of astrocytopathy and complement activation in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Brain 2021; 144:2401-2415. [PMID: 33711152 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin 4 (AQP4)-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-IgG+NMOSD) is an autoimmune astrocytopathic disease pathologically characterized by the massive destruction and regeneration of astrocytes with diverse types of tissue injury with or without complement deposition. However, it is unknown whether this diversity is derived from differences in pathological processes or temporal changes. Furthermore, unlike for the demyelinating lesions in multiple sclerosis, there has been no staging of astrocytopathy in AQP4-IgG+NMOSD based on astrocyte morphology. Therefore, we classified astrocytopathy of the disease by comparing the characteristic features, such as AQP4 loss, inflammatory cell infiltration, complement deposition and demyelination activity, with the clinical phase. We performed histopathological analyses in eight autopsied cases of AQP4-IgG+NMOSD. There were six women and two men, with a median age of 56.5 years (range, 46-71 years) and a median disease duration of 62.5 months (range, 0.6-252 months). Astrocytopathy in AQP4-IgG+NMOSD was classified into the following four stages defined by the astrocyte morphology and immunoreactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP): (a) astrocyte lysis: Extensive loss of astrocytes with fragmented and/or dust-like particles; (b) progenitor recruitment: Loss of astrocytes except small nucleated cells with GFAP-positive fibre-forming foot processes; (c) protoplasmic gliosis: Presence of star-shaped astrocytes with abundant GFAP-reactive cytoplasm; and (d) fibrous gliosis: Lesions composed of densely packed mature astrocytes. The astrocyte lysis and progenitor recruitment stages dominated in clinically acute cases (within 2 months after the last recurrence). Findings common to both stages were the loss of AQP4, a decreased number of oligodendrocytes, the selective loss of myelin-associated glycoprotein and active demyelination with phagocytic macrophages. The infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells and T cells (CD4-dominant) and the deposition of activated complement (C9neo), which reflects the membrane attack complex, a hallmark of acute NMOSD lesions, were selectively observed in the astrocyte lysis stage (98.4% in astrocyte lysis, 1.6% in progenitor recruitment, and 0% in protoplasmic gliosis and fibrous gliosis). Although most of the protoplasmic gliosis and fibrous gliosis lesions were accompanied by inactive demyelinated lesions with a low amount of inflammatory cell infiltration, the deposition of complement degradation product (C3d) was observed in all four stages, even in fibrous gliosis lesions, suggesting the past or chronic occurrence of complement activation, which is a useful finding to distinguish chronic lesions in NMOSD from those in multiple sclerosis. Our staging of astrocytopathy is expected to be useful for understanding the unique temporal pathology of AQP4-IgG+NMOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Takai
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Misu
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Sendai Medical Center, Sendai, 983-8520, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.,Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Yonezawa National Hospital, Yonezawa, 992-1202, Japan
| | - Hiromi Okada
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Shinya Tanaka
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0808, Japan
| | - Kenji Okita
- Department of neurology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Shunichi Sasou
- Department of Pathology, Japanese Red Cross Society Hachinohe Hospital, Hachinohe, 039-1104, Japan
| | - Mika Watanabe
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Chihiro Namatame
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsumoto
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Ono
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Kaneko
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital, Ishinomaki, 986-8522, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nishiyama
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kuroda
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.,Department of Neurology, South Miyagi Medical Center, Shibata, 989-1253, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakashima
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, 983-8536, Japan
| | - Hans Lassmann
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090, Austria
| | - Kazuo Fujihara
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.,Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yasuto Itoyama
- International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, 814-0001, Japan
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
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23
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Akaishi T, Takahashi T, Fujihara K, Misu T, Fujimori J, Takai Y, Nishiyama S, Abe M, Ishii T, Aoki M, Nakashima I. Early Treatment Initiation With Oral Prednisolone for Relapse Prevention Alleviates Depression and Fatigue in Aquaporin-4-Positive Neuromyelitis optica Spectrum Disorder. Front Neurol 2021; 12:608149. [PMID: 33692739 PMCID: PMC7938311 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.608149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a relapsing autoimmune-related neurological disorder of the central nervous system. Most patients with NMOSD have serum anti-aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G antibodies (AQP4-IgG). In addition to optic neuritis and myelitis, other insidious symptoms such as depressive state and chronic fatigue in NMOSD are gradually being recognized. Methods: To elucidate the impact of low- to medium-dose oral prednisolone (PSL) as a relapse prevention therapy for psychiatric disturbances and chronic fatigue in NMOSD, we evaluated clinical data from 39 patients with AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD, along with the details of present and cumulative oral PSL dosage. Results: Thirty-six of the 39 patients were treated with low- to medium-dose oral PSL, and the mean and standard deviation of the present daily dose of oral PSL were 7.9 ± 4.0 mg/day. None of the patients were treated with a daily PSL dose of >15 mg. As a result, the disease duration and the untreated period before starting oral PSL showed weak to moderate correlations with the subsequent severities of psychiatric disturbance and fatigue level. Meanwhile, none of the other treatment-related variables evaluated, such as the present oral PSL daily dose, cumulative PSL dose, months of oral PSL administration, previous courses of steroid pulse therapy, and coadministered immunosuppressants, were correlated with these insidious symptoms. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the use of long-term low- to medium-dose oral PSL ≤15 mg daily for relapse prevention in AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD would not aggravate the psychiatric and fatigue conditions. On the contrary, early initiation of oral PSL for relapse prevention, together with significantly decreased relapse rate, alleviated the subsequent depressive state and fatigue from the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Akaishi
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Yonezawa National Hospital, Yonezawa, Japan
| | - Kazuo Fujihara
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Misu
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Juichi Fujimori
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Takai
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nishiyama
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Michiaki Abe
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ishii
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakashima
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
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Takai Y, Kuroda H, Misu T, Akaishi T, Nakashima I, Takahashi T, Nishiyama S, Fujihara K, Aoki M. Optimal management of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with aquaporin-4 antibody by oral prednisolone maintenance therapy. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 49:102750. [PMID: 33524925 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.102750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a relapsing neuroinflammatory disease associated with aquaporin-4 antibody. Since disabilities in patients with NMOSD accumulate with attacks, relapse prevention is crucially important for improving long-term outcomes. Corticosteroids are inexpensive and promising drugs for relapse prevention in NMOSD, but few studies have analysed the efficacy of corticosteroids in NMOSD, especially regarding the appropriate dosing and tapering regimens. METHODS A single-center, retrospective analysis of corticosteroid therapy in aquaporin-4 antibody-positive NMOSD patients fulfilling the 2015 international consensus diagnostic criteria was conducted. RESULTS Medical records of a total of 89 Japanese patients with aquaporin-4 antibody-positive NMOSD seen at Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Hospital (2000~2016) were reviewed. At the last follow-up, 66% of the patients were treated with prednisolone (PSL) monotherapy, and the percentage of those receiving PSL monotherapy or a combination of PSL and other immunosuppressants increased from 17.5% in 2000 to 94.1% in 2016. On the other hand, annualised relapse rate (ARR) decreased from 0.78 (13 attacks in 200 person-months) in 2000 to 0.07 (5 attacks in 819 person-months) in 2016. Under PSL treatment, the mean ARR significantly decreased, and disabilities stabilized (PSL treatment vs no-medication; ARR: 0.21 vs 0.98, P < 0.01, Expanded Disability Status Scale score change: +0.02 vs +0.89, P < 0.01, observation periods: 60.1 vs 68.2 months, P=0.26). Using Kaplan-Meier curves, the 10-year relapse-free rate was 46.5% with PSL monotherapy and 7.1% with no medication (hazard ratio: 0.069, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.024-0.199, P < 0.01). Rapid tapering of PSL (10 mg or less in one year and/or 5 mg or less in two years after clinical attacks) was associated with frequent relapses compared to gradual tapering (more than 10 mg in one year and more than 5 mg in two years after clinical attacks) (rapid vs gradual, 36.7% vs 17.7%, odds ratio 2.69, 95% CI 1.12-6.44, P = 0.02). However, even with PSL of 5 mg/day or less, the relapse rate was low after two years of acute treatment (before vs after, 53.8% vs 13.6%, odds ratio 0.12, 95% CI 0.03-0.50, P < 0.01). Nine patients needed additional immunosuppressants due to insufficient relapse prevention by PSL monotherapy. PSL monotherapy was generally well tolerated, but seven patients had severe adverse events, mainly bone fractures (5 with bone fracture, 1 with femoral capital necrosis and 1 with cerebral infarction). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that PSL monotherapy is effective to prevent relapses in about half of patients with aquaporin-4 antibody-positive NMOSD if the doses are gradually reduced. Although it is important to have a treatment strategy tailored to each patient, this study provides evidence that PSL monotherapy can be an option for relapse prevention in some patients with NMOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Takai
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan..
| | - Hiroshi Kuroda
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.; Department of Neurology, South Miyagi Medical Center, Shibata, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Misu
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Akaishi
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.; Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakashima
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.; Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Yonezawa National Hospital, Yonezawa, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nishiyama
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuo Fujihara
- Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Multiple Sclerosis & Neuromyelitis Center, Southern TOHOKU Research Institute for Neuroscience, Koriyama, Japan
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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25
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Namatame C, Misu T, Takai Y, Nishiyama S, Nakashima I, Fujihara K, Aoki M. CH50 as a putative biomarker of eculizumab treatment in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Heliyon 2021; 7:e05899. [PMID: 33490671 PMCID: PMC7809378 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report 3 cases of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), who were all treated with eculizumab and could be observed with monitoring serum C3, C4 and 50% hemolytic complement (CH50) before and after the treatment. Serum C3 and C4 were not dramatically changed during the treatment, in contrast serum CH50 level of each patient had diminished and kept under the detection limit after the treatment without clinical worsening, even in the situation of extending dosing. Serum CH50 level is useful to monitor the drug efficacy during eculizumab treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Namatame
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Misu
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Takai
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nishiyama
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakashima
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kazuo Fujihara
- Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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26
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Akaishi T, Misu T, Takahashi T, Takai Y, Nishiyama S, Fujimori J, Ishii T, Aoki M, Fujihara K, Nakashima I. Progression pattern of neurological disability with respect to clinical attacks in anti-MOG antibody-associated disorders. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 351:577467. [PMID: 33388541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The progression pattern of neurological disability among patients with anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disorders (MOGAD) was evaluated. Neurological disability was evaluated annually for 408 person-years in 50 patients. More than 30% of the patients had clinical relapses in the first 5 years. Disability progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) was not seen, whereas a stepwise disability progression was observed after clinical attacks in some instances. Disability worsening was more frequent after relapses than after the onset episode (p < 0.01). Similar to patients with anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies, attack-related stepwise disability progression without PIRA is typical in MOGAD, suggesting the importance of relapse prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Akaishi
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Tatsuro Misu
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Yonezawa National Hospital, Yonezawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Takai
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nishiyama
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Juichi Fujimori
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ishii
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuo Fujihara
- Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakashima
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
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27
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Matsumoto Y, Misu T, Mugikura S, Takai Y, Nishiyama S, Kuroda H, Takahashi T, Fujimori J, Nakashima I, Fujihara K, Aoki M. Distinctive lesions of brain MRI between MOG-antibody-associated and AQP4-antibody-associated diseases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020; 92:jnnp-2020-324818. [PMID: 33380491 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-324818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Matsumoto
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Misu
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shunji Mugikura
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Division of Image Statistics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Takai
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nishiyama
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kuroda
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Neurology, South Miyagi Medical Center, Ogawara, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Yonezawa Hospital, Yonezawa, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Juichi Fujimori
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakashima
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kazuo Fujihara
- Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Multiple Sclerosis & Neuromyelitis Optica Center, Southern Tohoku Research Institute for Neuroscience Southern Tohoku General Hospital, Koriyama, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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28
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Takai Y, Misu T, Kaneko K, Chihara N, Narikawa K, Tsuchida S, Nishida H, Komori T, Seki M, Komatsu T, Nakamagoe K, Ikeda T, Yoshida M, Takahashi T, Ono H, Nishiyama S, Kuroda H, Nakashima I, Suzuki H, Bradl M, Lassmann H, Fujihara K, Aoki M. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: an immunopathological study. Brain 2020; 143:1431-1446. [PMID: 32412053 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Conformation-sensitive antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) are detectable in patients with optic neuritis, myelitis, opticomyelitis, acute or multiphasic disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM/MDEM) and brainstem/cerebral cortical encephalitis, but are rarely detected in patients with prototypic multiple sclerosis. So far, there has been no systematic study on the pathological relationship between demyelinating lesions and cellular/humoral immunity in MOG antibody-associated disease. Furthermore, it is unclear whether the pathomechanisms of MOG antibody-mediated demyelination are similar to the demyelination patterns of multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) with AQP4 antibody, or ADEM. In this study, we immunohistochemically analysed biopsied brain tissues from 11 patients with MOG antibody-associated disease and other inflammatory demyelinating diseases. Patient median onset age was 29 years (range 9-64), and the median interval from attack to biopsy was 1 month (range 0.5-96). The clinical diagnoses were ADEM (n = 2), MDEM (n = 1), multiple brain lesions without encephalopathy (n = 3), leukoencephalopathy (n = 3) and cortical encephalitis (n = 2). All these cases had multiple/extensive lesions on MRI and were oligoclonal IgG band-negative. Most demyelinating lesions in 10 of 11 cases showed a perivenous demyelinating pattern previously reported in ADEM (153/167 lesions) and a fusion pattern (11/167 lesions) mainly in the cortico-medullary junctions and white matter, and only three lesions in two cases showed confluent demyelinated plaques. In addition, 60 of 167 demyelinating lesions (mainly in the early phase) showed MOG-dominant myelin loss, but relatively preserved oligodendrocytes, which were distinct from those of AQP4 antibody-positive NMOSD exhibiting myelin-associated glycoprotein-dominant oligodendrogliopathy. In MOG antibody-associated diseases, MOG-laden macrophages were found in the perivascular spaces and demyelinating lesions, and infiltrated cells were abundant surrounding multiple blood vessels in and around the demyelinating lesions, mainly consisting of macrophages (CD68; 1814 ± 1188 cells/mm2), B cells (CD20; 468 ± 817 cells/mm2), and T cells (CD3; 2286 ± 1951 cells/mm2), with CD4-dominance (CD4+ versus CD8+; 1281 ± 1196 cells/mm2 versus 851 ± 762 cells/mm2, P < 0.01). Humoral immunity, evidenced by perivascular deposits of activated complements and immunoglobulins, was occasionally observed in some MOG antibody-associated demyelinating lesions, and the frequency was much lower than that in AQP4 antibody-positive NMOSD. Subpial lesions with perivenous demyelination were observed in both ADEM and cortical encephalitis. Our study suggests that ADEM-like perivenous inflammatory demyelination with MOG-dominant myelin loss is a characteristic finding of MOG antibody-associated disease regardless of whether the diagnostic criteria of ADEM are met. These pathological features are clearly different from those of multiple sclerosis and AQP4 antibody-positive NMOSD, suggesting an independent autoimmune demyelinating disease entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Takai
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Misu
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Kaneko
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Miyagi National Hospital, Watari, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Norio Chihara
- Division of Neurology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Koichi Narikawa
- Department of Neurology, Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital, Ishinomaki, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Satoko Tsuchida
- Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Akita Hospital, Akita, Akita, Japan
| | - Hiroya Nishida
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Komori
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Morinobu Seki
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teppei Komatsu
- Department of Neurology, the Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakamagoe
- Department of Neurology, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Ikeda
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mari Yoshida
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Yonezawa National Hospital, Yonezawa, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Ono
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nishiyama
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kuroda
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakashima
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Sendai Medical Center, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Monika Bradl
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans Lassmann
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kazuo Fujihara
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Aono T, Watanabe T, Toshima T, Takahashi T, Otaki Y, Wanezaki M, Kutsuzawa D, Kato S, Tamura H, Nishiyama S, Takahashi H, Arimoto T, Shishido T, Watanabe M. Elevated serum carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen predicts clinical outcome in patients with acute coronary syndrome who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.1605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Serum carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (I-CTP) is a collagen degradation product of type I collagen in the extracellular matrix of the heart, blood vessels, and bone. The serum levels of I-CTP were reportedly a predictive marker for cardiac remodeling after acute myocardial infarction. However, it remains unclear whether I-CTP can predict poor clinical outcome in patient with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between serum levels of I-CTP and clinical outcome in patients with ACS.
Methods
Serum levels of I-CTP were measured in 200 patients with ACS who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). All patients were prospectively followed during the median follow-up period of 1312 days with the end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). We divided the patients into tertiles according to serum I-CTP level: low I-CTP group (≤4.4 ng/ml, n=72), middle I-CTP group (4.4–6.4 ng/ml, n=65), and high I-CTP group (≥6.5 ng/ml, n=63).
Results
There were 44 MACE, including 24 all-cause death and 9 rehospitalization due to heart failure. I-CTP was significantly higher in patients with MACE than those without (4.90 [interquartile range (IQR): 3.80–6.38] ng/ml vs. 6.65 [IQR: 5.00–10.08] ng/ml, p<0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that patients in the highest tertile of I-CTP had the greatest risk of MACE. In a univariate analysis, age, Albumin, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and I-CTP were significant predictors of MACE. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that the high I-CTP group had a higher risk for MACE (Hazard ratio [HR] 2.6, p=0.049) compared with the low I-CTP group after adjusting for confounding factors.
Conclusions
I-CTP was significantly associated with MACE, suggesting that I-CTP could be a reliable marker for clinical outcome in patients with ACS who underwent PCI.
Figure 1
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
- T Aono
- Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | | | - T Toshima
- Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | | | - Y Otaki
- Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | | | | | - S Kato
- Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - H Tamura
- Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | | | | | - T Arimoto
- Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
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30
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Goto J, Watanabe T, Kobayashi Y, Toshima T, Wanezaki M, Nishiyama S, Otaki Y, Kutsuzawa D, Kato S, Tamura H, Arimoto T, Takahashi H, Shishido T, Kubota I, Watanabe M. Impact of percutaneous coronary intervention on short and long-term prognosis of elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction from 2010 to 2017 in Japanese population. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.1625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Advances in therapies have successfully decreased short-term mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Although aging population is recently increasing in developed countries, there are few reports about the association between prevalence of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and long-term prognosis in elderly patients with AMI in Japan.
Purpose
The aim of this study was to clarify the prevalence of PCI and the impact of PCI on short and long-term prognosis of elderly patients with AMI.
Methods and results
We investigated the prevalence of PCI and short-term mortality in 4,109 patients with AMI who were registered in Yamagata AMI Registry from 2010 to 2017. Long-term mortality was investigated using data from death certification in July 2019. We divided patients with AMI into three age groups (group 1, <65 years old; group 2, 65–79 years old; and group 3, ≥80 years old). Short-term mortality within 30 days was 6.5%, 12.1%, and 28.6%, respectively. Also, prevalence of PCI was 88.0%, 84.7%, and 62.7%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that age, PCI, and severity of Killip classification were significantly associated with short-term mortality after adjustment for confound factors in group 3. Since the prevalence of PCI in group 3 was the lowest among three groups, the cause of PCI not being executed was investigated in 1,429 patients aged ≥80 years old. Elderly patients who didn't undergo PCI was older, more women, and had higher prevalence of chronic kidney disease, previous stroke, and severe Killip classification. Multivariate analysis revealed that age and Killip III/IV were significantly associated with non-executed PCI after adjustment for confound factors. Next, we investigated impact of PCI on long-term mortality in elderly patients who escaped acute death. Multivariate Cox hazard analysis revealed that PCI was associated with lower mortality after adjustment for confound factors (adjusted hazard ratio 2.47, 95% CI: 1.47–4.06; p=0.0008).
Conclusion
Lower prevalence of PCI and higher short-term mortality were observed in elderly patients with AMI aged ≥80 years old. PCI ameliorated long-term mortality as well as short-term mortality in elderly patients with AMI.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
- J Goto
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Watanabe
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Y Kobayashi
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Toshima
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - M Wanezaki
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - S Nishiyama
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Y Otaki
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - D Kutsuzawa
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - S Kato
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - H Tamura
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Arimoto
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - H Takahashi
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Shishido
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - I Kubota
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - M Watanabe
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
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Akaishi T, Fujimori J, Takahashi T, Misu T, Takai Y, Nishiyama S, Kaneko K, Ogawa R, Abe M, Ishii T, Aoki M, Fujihara K, Nakashima I. Seasonal variation of onset in patients with anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies and anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 349:577431. [PMID: 33147540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the seasonal impact on the clinical onset of inflammatory neurological diseases of the central nervous system by analyzing the onset month with information on clinical manifestations in Japanese patients. As a result, patients with anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies (AQP4-IgG)-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) showed spring-summer predominance of the clinical onset. Conversely, patients with anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-IgG)-associated disease showed autumn-winter predominance of the clinical onset. Both seasonal variations were irrespective of the clinical manifestation. Environmental factors with seasonal variation influence the development of neurological conditions related to AQP4-IgG and MOG-IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Akaishi
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Juichi Fujimori
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Yonezawa National Hospital, Yonezawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Misu
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Takai
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nishiyama
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Kaneko
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryo Ogawa
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Michiaki Abe
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ishii
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuo Fujihara
- Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakashima
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
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Akaishi T, Takahashi T, Fujihara K, Misu T, Nishiyama S, Takai Y, Fujimori J, Abe M, Ishii T, Aoki M, Nakashima I. Impact of intrathecal IgG synthesis on neurological disability in patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 45:102382. [PMID: 32674030 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between routine laboratory findings, including cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and neurological outcomes in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we evaluated blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis results at diagnosis and before treatment in patients with MS and assessed their correlations with neurological outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, 38 consecutive patients with MS (36 with relapsing-remitting MS and 2 with primary progressive MS) were recruited. Before treatment, all patients underwent routine CSF analysis at the time of diagnosis, including evaluation of albumin and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels. The association between laboratory data and neurological outcomes was comprehensively evaluated. Subsequent neurological outcome was assessed by using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score at 1 year and 5 years after diagnosis and relapse frequency in the first year and in the first 5 years. RESULTS The IgG level in the CSF (rho = 0.46, p = 0.004), oligoclonal band count (rho = 0.61, p = 0.006), ratio of IgG and total protein in CSF (rho = 0.59, p < 0.0001), and ratio of IgG and albumin in CSF (rho = 0.67, p < 0.0001) showed moderate to strong correlations with the subsequent EDSS score 1 year after diagnosis. These variables still showed significant correlations with EDSS 5 years later. Albumin and lactate dehydrogenase levels in CSF did not correlate with the subsequent EDSS score. Relapse frequency did not correlate with any of the studied serum and CSF biomarkers. CONCLUSION IgG levels in CSF at MS diagnosis are significantly correlated with the level of neurological disability independent of the relapse frequency. Markers of intrathecal IgG synthesis, such as the IgG index, are useful in estimating the present and subsequent clinical severity in patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Akaishi
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Yonezawa National Hospital, Yonezawa, Japan
| | - Kazuo Fujihara
- Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Misu
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nishiyama
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Takai
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Juichi Fujimori
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Michiaki Abe
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ishii
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakashima
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
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Yoshii I, Nishiyama S. SAT0486 BONE MINERAL DENSITY IN PATIENT WITH SHRUNKEN PORE SYNDROME IS SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER THAN THAT IN PATIENT WITHOUT, HOWEVER SERUM PARATHYROID HORMONE DOES NOT CORRELATED MUCH WITH IT. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background:Shrunken pore syndrome (SPS), defined by cystatin C (CysC) based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRCysC) < 60% of creatinine (Cr) based eGFR (eGFRCr) in the absence of extrarenal influences on the plasma levels of CysC or Cr, is associated with a higher increase in mortality. SPS often causes reduced bone mineral density (BMD).Objectives:In this study, relationship between BMD and SPS was investigated.Methods:Patient with rheumatic diseases who were measured BMD with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and at the same time, CysC and Cr were also measured, were picked up. eGFRCysCand eGFRCr,were calculated, and a patient group with SPS were recruited. Relationship between serum PTH and CysC, or Cr was evaluated with univariate linear regression analysis. Between the SPS groups and the other patient group, statistical difference was evaluated regarding sex, age, Cr, CysC, serum Cr-CysC ratio (Cr/CysC), serum calcium corrected with albumin (Ca), creatinine phosphokinase (CPK), parathyroid hormone (PTH), eGFRCysC, eGFRCr,, BMD in the lumbar spine (BMD_LS) and femoral neck (BMD_FN) were evaluated with Mann-Whitney U-test. Relationship between BMD for each bone and sex, age, CPK, PTH, Cr/CysC, eGFRCysC, and being SPS was statistically evaluated with multivariate linear regression analysis. Furtherly, sensitivity and specificity regarding being SPS for T-score < -2.5, that is defined as diagnosis criteria of osteoporosis calculated from BMD, was evaluated with chi square test.Results:A total of 819 participants with 75 males and 744 females joined. Patient with SPS counted 31 and without SPS counted 782. Underlying diseases are shown in Table 1. Average age, CysC, Cr, PTH, eGFRCr,and eGFRCysCwere 76.5, 1.18, 0.76, 42.1, 66.2 and 59.0, respectively. PTH significantly correlated with CyC (p=0.015), but not correlated with Cr (p=0.079). SPS demonstrated significantly higher ratio for being male (P<1.0x10-10), higher age (p=1.07x10-3), higher titer of CysC (p=5.5x10-10), lower titer of CPK (p=1.5x10-4), lower Cr/CysC (P<1.0x10-10), lower eGFRCysC(p=2.8x10-7), BMD_LS (P<1.0x10-10) and BMD_FN (P<1.0x10-10), however no significant difference demonstrated for Cr (2.4x10-1), PTH (p=1.7x10-1) and Ca (p=6.3x10-1). BMD_LS demonstrated significant positive correlation with CPK (p=2.6x10-4), and negative correlation with being female (p=4.9x10-7), age (p=2.1x10-3), PTH (p=2.2x10-2), eGFRCysC(p=2.5x10-9) and being SPS (p=4.9x10-3), while BMD-FN demonstrated significant positive correlation with Cr/CysC (p=7.3x10-4), and negative correlation with being female (p=1.5x10-6), age (p=4.9x10-8) and being SPS (7.3x10-3). Sensitivity and specificity of T-score < -2.5 in the LS regarding SPS was 50.0% and 74.0% (p=6.9x10-3), while in the FN 67.9% and 61.7% (p=1.7x10-3), respectively.Table 1.Number of patients who were picked up in the study Abbreviations: RA, rheumatoid arthritis; PsA, psoriatic arthritis; AJA, Sjoren Syndrome; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; PPP, pustulosis palmaris et plantaris; AS, ankylosing spondylitis; SSc, systemic sclerosis; UA, ulcerative colitis; PM/DM, polymyositis/dermatomyositis; MCTD, mixed connective tissue disease; FMF, Familial Medditeranean fever; PAN, polyarteritis nodosa.DiseasesNumber of patientRA512PsA110SJS67SLE66PPP17AS16SSc13UA11Behcet8PM/DM3MCTD2FMF2PAN1total828Conclusion:These results suggested that SPS has serious potential risk of osteoporosis. BMD_LS loss may correlate elevation of PTH due to filtration disorder, however BMD_FN loss is not affected. Split of Cr and CysC is more important.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Horie R, Horigane K, Nishiyama S, Akimitsu M, Kobayashi K, Onari S, Kambe T, Kubozono Y, Akimitsu J. Superconductivity in 5d transition metal Laves phase SrIr 2. J Phys Condens Matter 2020; 32:175703. [PMID: 31923904 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab6a2e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report here the superconducting properties of a Laves phase superconductor SrIr2, which has a cubic MgCu2 structure. SrIr2 is a type-II superconductor, with a T c of 5.9 K. The estimated superconducting parameters of lower critical field µ 0 H c1 and upper critical field µ 0 H c2, coherence length ξ(0), penetration depth λ(0) and Ginzburg-Landau (GL) parameter κ(0) are approximately µ 0 H c1 = 101 Oe, µ 0 H c2(0) = 5.9 T, ξ(0) = 7.47 nm, λ(0) = 237 nm, and κ(0) = 31.7, respectively. The specific-heat data indicate that SrIr2 is a strong-coupling superconductor because the value of ΔC/γT c is approximately 1.71, which is larger than the value of 1.43 that is expected from the BCS theory. The physical properties obtained in this study are explained well by theoretical calculations including spin-orbit coupling (SOC). This result indicates that the physical properties of SrIr2 are strongly affected by the presence of SOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Horie
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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35
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Hees A, Do T, Roberts BM, Ghez AM, Nishiyama S, Bentley RO, Gautam AK, Jia S, Kara T, Lu JR, Saida H, Sakai S, Takahashi M, Takamori Y. Search for a Variation of the Fine Structure Constant around the Supermassive Black Hole in Our Galactic Center. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:081101. [PMID: 32167338 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.081101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Searching for space-time variations of the constants of Nature is a promising way to search for new physics beyond general relativity and the standard model motivated by unification theories and models of dark matter and dark energy. We propose a new way to search for a variation of the fine-structure constant using measurements of late-type evolved giant stars from the S star cluster orbiting the supermassive black hole in our Galactic Center. A measurement of the difference between distinct absorption lines (with different sensitivity to the fine structure constant) from a star leads to a direct estimate of a variation of the fine structure constant between the star's location and Earth. Using spectroscopic measurements of five stars, we obtain a constraint on the relative variation of the fine structure constant below 10^{-5}. This is the first time a varying constant of nature is searched for around a black hole and in a high gravitational potential. This analysis shows new ways the monitoring of stars in the Galactic Center can be used to probe fundamental physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hees
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire 75014 Paris, France
| | - T Do
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - B M Roberts
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire 75014 Paris, France
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - A M Ghez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - S Nishiyama
- Miyagi University of Education, 149 Aramaki-aza-aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan
| | - R O Bentley
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - A K Gautam
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - S Jia
- Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - T Kara
- Miyagi University of Education, 149 Aramaki-aza-aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan
| | - J R Lu
- Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - H Saida
- Daido University, 10-3 Takiharu-cho, Minami-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 457-8530, Japan
| | - S Sakai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - M Takahashi
- Aichi University of Education, 1 Hirosawa, Igaya-cho, Kariya, Aichi 448-8542, Japan
| | - Y Takamori
- National Institute of Technology, Wakayama College, 77 Noshima, Nada-cho, Gobo, Wakayama 644-0023, Japan
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Aono T, Watanabe T, Kato S, Tamura H, Nishiyama S, Takahashi H, Arimoto T, Shishido T, Watanabe M. 5950Lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio could predict adverse clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is increasing with aging of the population, whereas the mechanisms of HFpEF remain poorly understood. It was reported that systemic inflammation is associated with pathophysiology of HFpEF. Lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) is a marker of systemic inflammation, which predicts clinical outcomes in various cancers. However, the prognostic value of LMR has not yet been elucidated in patients with HFpEF.
Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of LMR on clinical outcomes in patients with HFpEF.
Methods and results
We prospectively analyzed 414 consecutive patients with HFpEF. Preserved EF was defined as an EF ≥50%. During a median follow-up period of 740 days, there were 111 major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). When patients were divided into tertiles according to LMR, Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that the low LMR was associated with the greatest risk for MACE. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed that the low LMR was significantly associated with MACE after adjustment for confounding factors.
Conclusions
Low LMR could predict poor clinical outcomes in patients with HFpEF. LMR is a feasible marker for predicting MACE in patients with HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Aono
- Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | | | - S Kato
- Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - H Tamura
- Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | | | | | - T Arimoto
- Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
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Watanabe K, Watanabe T, Otaki Y, Shishido T, Kato S, Tamura H, Nishiyama S, Takahashi H, Arimoto T, Watanabe M. 129Elevated plasma xanthine oxidoreductase activity predicts cardiovascular events in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz747.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains poorly understood, although reactive oxygen species (ROS) is reportedly involved in underlying mechanisms. Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is the rate-limiting enzyme of purine metabolism that plays an important role in producing uric acid, and also generates the ROS. However, the impact of plasma XOR activity on the clinical outcomes in patients with HFpEF remains unclear.
Purpose
The aim of this study was to assess whether plasma XOR activity predicts cardiovascular events in patients with HFpEF.
Methods and results
We measured plasma XOR activity in 257 patients with HFpEF. The patients were divided into 3 groups based on XOR activity: low XOR group (<33 pmol/h/mL, n=45), normal XOR group (33 - 120 pmol/h/mL, n=160), and high XOR group (≥120 pmol/h/mL, n=52). During a median follow-up period of 809 days, there were 74 major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that the patients with high XOR activity were at greatest risk for MACEs. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed that high XOR activity was significantly associated with MACEs after adjustment for confounding factors. Furthermore, we divided the patients into 4 groups according to the presence of high XOR activity and/or hyperuricemia. Cox multivariate hazard regression analysis revealed that the patients with high XOR activity were associated with cardiovascular events in patients with HFpEF, regardless of whether hyperuricemia was present or not.
Conclusions
Elevated plasma XOR activity is significantly associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with HFpEF. Inhibition of XOR could be a potential therapy for HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Watanabe
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Watanabe
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Y Otaki
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Shishido
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - S Kato
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - H Tamura
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - S Nishiyama
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - H Takahashi
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Arimoto
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - M Watanabe
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
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Watanabe K, Narumi T, Watanabe T, Aono T, Goto J, Sugai T, Toshima T, Kato S, Tamura H, Nishiyama S, Takahashi H, Arimoto T, Shishido T, Watanabe M. P1626MicroRNA-21 deteriorates left ventricular reverse remodeling by promoting cardiac fibrosis in non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.0385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Left ventricular reverse remodeling (LVRR) contributes to better outcomes in patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM). It is reported that LVRR is associated with progression of cardiac fibrosis. MicroRNAs (miRs) have emerged as powerful regulators of post-transcriptional gene expression. We focused on miR-21, which plays a key role in pathogenesis of fibrosis in multiple organs. The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of miR-21 on cardiac fibrosis and LVRR in patients with NICM.
Methods
We measured plasma miR-21 levels in 16 patients with NICM. LVRR was defined as increased LVEF by ≥10% and decreased LV end-diastolic diameter index by ≥10% from baseline data after optimal medication treatment at 1-year of follow-up. Further, we examined miR-21 expression and its potential role in cardiac fibrosis induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in mice and angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulation in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs).
Results
There were 12 patients without LVRR and 4 patients with LVRR. Plasma miR-21 levels were significantly higher in patients without LVRR compared with those with LVRR. In TAC mice heart, miR-21 levels were significantly increased and programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4), a main target of miR-21, was decreased. In vitro, miR-21 levels were significantly increased and its upstream transcriptional factor, activator protein 1 (AP-1), was activated by Ang II stimulation in NRCMs. After transfection of miR-21 specific inhibitor, PDCD4 levels were upregulated. Furthermore, AP-1 activity, expression of collagen type I, and α-smooth muscle actin levels were significantly decreased after miR-21 inhibition.
Conclusions
These findings suggested that miR-21/PDCD4/AP-1 feedback loop pathway was involved in LVRR in patients with NICM by promoting cardiac fibrosis. MiR-21 can be the therapeutic target in NICM.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Watanabe
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Narumi
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Watanabe
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Aono
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - J Goto
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Sugai
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Toshima
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - S Kato
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - H Tamura
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - S Nishiyama
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - H Takahashi
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Arimoto
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Shishido
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - M Watanabe
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
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Katoh S, Watanabe T, Arimoto T, Narumi T, Aono T, Goto J, Sugai T, Takahashi T, Tamura H, Nishiyama S, Takahashi H, Shishido T, Watanabe M. P3355Stress-induced left ventricular dyssynchrony predicts future cardiac events in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Prognostic value of stress induced left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony has not been fully understood.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible impact between cardiovascular events and stress induced worsening LV dyssynchrony.
Methods and results
One hundred and eighty consecutive subjects with known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) (142 men, mean age 68±12 years) underwent both gated myocardial single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with 99mTc-sestamibi or tetrofosmin according to a standard same day stress-rest protocol and coronary angiography or coronary computed tomography. The summed difference score (SDS) was calculated in every subjects. LV ejection fraction (EF) and phase Entropy at after stress and rest were determined by cardioREPO software. We determined %ΔEntropy = (stress Entropy - rest Entropy)/rest Entropy x100, as an indicator of stress-induced LV dyssynchrony. In the study population, the mean SDS was 2.7±3.9 and LVEF was 58±16%, stress and rest Entropy were 0.62±0.15 and 0.57±0.13, respectively.
%ΔEntropy was higher in patients with CAD than in those without CAD (3.3±11.5 vs. 10.2±15.0, respectively). Moreover, there was a strict correlation between the presence of CAD and %ΔEntropy, indicator of stress induced LV dyssynchrony (non-CAD vs. CAD and/or 1 vessel disease vs. multivessel disease: 4.3±12.5 vs. 8.8±15.6 vs. 12.7±14.3, respectively. p<0.05)
We examined all study subjects and they were divided into 2 groups by cut off value of the %ΔEntropy constructed with receiver operating characteristic curve (=15.4). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that future cardiovascular event rate was significantly higher in %ΔEntropy >15.4 group (20/57) than in %ΔEntropy <15.4 group (24/123) (Log-rank p<0.01). On the other hand, summed stress score and SDS were no significant differences between 2 groups.
However, SDS was higher in patients with future cardiovascular event than in those without cardiovascular event (4.4±5.4 vs. 2.2±3.2, respectively. p=0.001).
Conclusion
In patients with known or suspected CAD, stress-induced worsening LV dyssynchrony may predict the presence of CAD and future cardiac events.
Acknowledgement/Funding
None
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Affiliation(s)
- S Katoh
- Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Watanabe
- Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Arimoto
- Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Narumi
- Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Aono
- Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - J Goto
- Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Sugai
- Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Takahashi
- Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - H Tamura
- Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - S Nishiyama
- Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - H Takahashi
- Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Shishido
- Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - M Watanabe
- Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
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40
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Aono T, Watanabe T, Takahashi T, Kato S, Tamura H, Nishiyama S, Takahashi H, Arimoto T, Shishido T, Watanabe M. 5945Single nucleotide polymorphisms of PAR2 gene is associated with subclinical myocardial damage in the general population. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
The protease activated receptor (PAR) 2 is a G protein-coupled receptor and expressed in cardiomyocytes, vascular cells, and leukocytes. Experimental studies demonstrated that PAR2 signaling is associated with adverse cardiac remodeling, heart failure, vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Recently, we and others demonstrated that subclinical myocardial damage is associated with cardiovascular mortality in general population. However, the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PAR2 gene on subclinical myocardial damage in general population is unclear.
Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate whether SNPs of PAR2 gene is associated with subclinical myocardial damage in general population.
Methods
The present study included 2,926 apparently healthy subjects (aged ≥40) who participated in a community-based health checkup. We investigated 639 SNPs and measured serum heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) as markers of subclinical myocardial damage.
Results
We found the association of SNPs rs616235 within a PAR2 gene with subclinical myocardial damage. The homozygous A-allele (AA), heterozygous (AG), and homozygous G-allele (GG) carriers of rs616235 were identified in 2084 (71%), 791 (27%), and 51 (2%) subjects, respectively. The prevalence rates of subclinical myocardial damage were 29% in AA carriers, 23% in AG carriers, and 18% in GG carriers. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that the homozygous (AA) of rs616235 was independently associated with subclinical myocardial damage (odds ratio: 1.330, 95% confidence interval: 1.077–1.641, P=0.0080) after adjustment for conventional cardiovascular risk factors.
Conclusions
Genetic variant of PAR2 gene was independently associated with subclinical myocardial damage in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Aono
- Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | | | | | - S Kato
- Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - H Tamura
- Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | | | | | - T Arimoto
- Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
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41
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Hashimoto N, Watanabe T, Tamura H, Tsuchiya H, Wanezaki M, Kato S, Nishiyama S, Arimoto T, Takahashi H, Shishido T, Watanabe M. P2462Left atrial appendage wall velocity evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography is a feasible parameter for predicting cardiac prognosis in patients with heart failure. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.0794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
It was reported that left atrial (LA) remodeling is occurred in patients with heart failure (HF), and increased LA volume index (LAVI) is a feasible predictor for poor prognosis of HF. It was reported that LA remodeling is associated with LA appendage (LAA) dysfunction. We previously reported that LAA wall motion velocity (LAWV) obtained by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) can noninvasively evaluate LAA dysfunction. However, it remains to be determined whether LAWV is useful for predicting poor prognosis in patients with HF.
Purpose
We investigated whether LAA dysfunction assessed by LAWV is associated with poor prognosis in patients with HF.
Methods
We performed TTE at discharge in 217 consecutive patients who hospitalized for HF (126 males, 71±13 years) and prospectively followed them up. LAWV was measured using Doppler tissue imaging at the LAA tip from the parasternal short-axis view on TTE imaging.
Results
There were 86 patients with cardiac events including 14 cardiac deaths and 72 rehospitalizations for HF during a median follow-up period of 404 days (interquartile range 168–748 days). LAWV was significantly lower in patients with cardiac events than in those without. LAWV was significantly decreased with advancing left ventricular diastolic dysfunction grade. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that significantly higher cardiac event rate was observed in patients with low LAWV (log-rank test, P=0.004). Cox multivariate hazard analysis revealed that LAWV was an independent predictor for cardiac events after adjusting for confounding factors (hazard ratio 0.57, 95% confidence interval 0.40–0.82, P<0.05). Further, we categorized the patients into 3 groups based on the median of LAWV and left atrial volume index (LAVI), and Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with both low LAWV and high LAVI had the highest rate of cardiac events among 3 groups (log-rank test, P<0.001; Figure).
Figure 1
Conclusion
LAWV may be a feasible parameter for predicting cardiac prognosis in patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hashimoto
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Watanabe
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - H Tamura
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - H Tsuchiya
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - M Wanezaki
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - S Kato
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - S Nishiyama
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Arimoto
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - H Takahashi
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Shishido
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - M Watanabe
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
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Goto J, Otaki Y, Watanabe T, Aono T, Watanabe K, Toshima T, Kato S, Tamura H, Nishiyama S, Arimoto T, Takahashi H, Shishido T, Kubota I, Watanabe M. P1615HECT-Type Ubiquitin E3 Ligase ITCH attenuates cardiac hypertrophy by suppressing Wnt signaling pathway. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The homologous to the E6-AP carboxyl terminus (HECT)–type ubiquitin E3 ligase ITCH is an enzyme that plays an important role in ubiquitin proteasomal protein degradation. Dishevelled proteins (Dvl1, Dvl2 and Dvl3), which are involved in canonical Wnt/β catenin signaling pathway, play a role in cardiac hypertrophy.
Purpose
The aim of this study was to examine whether ITCH interacts with Dvls and prevents cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure overload.
Methods and results
We confirmed the protein interaction between ITCH and Dvls in cardiomyocytes. Overexpression of ITCH decreased protein expression levels of Dvls, phospho-GSK3β and β-catenin. Conversely, knockdown of ITCH using small interfering RNA augmented canonical Wnt/β catenin signaling pathway. Thoracic transverse aortic constriction (TAC) was performed in transgenic mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of ITCH (ITCH-Tg) and wild-type (WT) mice. The canonical Wnt/β catenin signaling pathway was inhibited and cardiac hypertrophy was attenuated in ITCH-Tg mice compared with WT mice after TAC.
Overexpression of ITCH in cardiomyocytes
Conclusion
We demonstrated that ITCH targets Dvls for ubiquitin-proteasome degradation in cardiomyocytes and ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy by suppressing canonical Wnt/β catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Goto
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Y Otaki
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Watanabe
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Aono
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - K Watanabe
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Toshima
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - S Kato
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - H Tamura
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - S Nishiyama
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Arimoto
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - H Takahashi
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Shishido
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - I Kubota
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - M Watanabe
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
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43
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Kaneko K, Sato DK, Nakashima I, Ogawa R, Akaishi T, Takai Y, Nishiyama S, Takahashi T, Misu T, Kuroda H, Tanaka S, Nomura K, Hashimoto Y, Callegaro D, Steinman L, Fujihara K, Aoki M. CSF cytokine profile in MOG-IgG+ neurological disease is similar to AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD but distinct from MS: a cross-sectional study and potential therapeutic implications. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2018; 89:927-936. [PMID: 29875186 PMCID: PMC6109242 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2018-317969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokine profiles in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein IgG-positive (MOG-IgG+) disease in adult and paediatric patients. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we measured 27 cytokines in the CSF of MOG-IgG+ disease in acute phase before treatment (n=29). The data were directly compared with those in aquaporin-4 antibody-positive (AQP4-IgG+) neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) (n=20), multiple sclerosis (MS) (n=20) and non-inflammatory controls (n=14). RESULTS In MOG-IgG+ disease, there was no female preponderance and the ages were younger (mean 18 years, range 3-68; 15 were below 18 years) relative to AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD (41, 15-77) and MS (34, 17-48). CSF cell counts were higher and oligoclonal IgG bands were mostly negative in MOG-IgG+ disease and AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD compared with MS. MOG-IgG+ disease had significantly elevated levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, interferon-γ, IL-10, IL-1 receptor antagonist, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α as compared with MS. No cytokine in MOG-IgG+ disease was significantly different from AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD. Moreover many elevated cytokines were correlated with each other in MOG-IgG+ disease and AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD but not in MS. No difference in the data was seen between adult and paediatric MOG-IgG+ cases. CONCLUSIONS The CSF cytokine profile in the acute phase of MOG-IgG+ disease is characterised by coordinated upregulation of T helper 17 (Th17) and other cytokines including some Th1-related and regulatory T cells-related ones in adults and children, which is similar to AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD but clearly different from MS. The results suggest that as with AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD, some disease-modifying drugs for MS may be ineffective in MOG-IgG+ disease while they may provide potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimihiko Kaneko
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Douglas Kazutoshi Sato
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Brain Institute and Hospital Sao Lucas Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Neurology, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ichiro Nakashima
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryo Ogawa
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Akaishi
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Yonezawa National Hospital, Yonezawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Takai
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nishiyama
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Yonezawa National Hospital, Yonezawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Misu
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kuroda
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoru Tanaka
- Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Nomura
- Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Japan
| | - Yuji Hashimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiba Kaihin Municipal Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Lawrence Steinman
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kazuo Fujihara
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Center, Tohoku Research Institute for Neuroscience, Koriyama, Japan
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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44
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Tsuchiya H, Otaki Y, Watanabe T, Yamaura G, Hashimoto N, Wanezaki M, Tamura H, Nishiyama S, Arimoto T, Takahashi H, Shishido T, Kubota I, Watanabe M. P6351Direct comparison of prognostic ability of BNP and NT-proBNP for cardiogenic stroke and clinical outcome in patients with stroke. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p6351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H Tsuchiya
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Y Otaki
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Watanabe
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - G Yamaura
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - N Hashimoto
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - M Wanezaki
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - H Tamura
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - S Nishiyama
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Arimoto
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - H Takahashi
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Shishido
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - I Kubota
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - M Watanabe
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
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45
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Kinoshita D, Shishido T, Takahashi T, Otaki Y, Narumi T, Nishiyama S, Takahashi H, Arimoto T, Miyamoto T, Watanabe T, Watanabe M. 1209Surface nucleolin involves in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D Kinoshita
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Shishido
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Takahashi
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Y Otaki
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Narumi
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - S Nishiyama
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - H Takahashi
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Arimoto
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Miyamoto
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Watanabe
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - M Watanabe
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
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46
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Kinoshita D, Shishido T, Takahashi T, Sugai T, Narumi T, Otaki Y, Tamura H, Nishiyama S, Takahashi T, Arimoto T, Miyamoto T, Watanabe T, Watanabe M. P1860Contribution of surface nucleolin to vascular remodeling of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.p1860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D Kinoshita
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Shishido
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Takahashi
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Sugai
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Narumi
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Y Otaki
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - H Tamura
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - S Nishiyama
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Takahashi
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Arimoto
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Miyamoto
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Watanabe
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - M Watanabe
- Yamagata University, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
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47
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Narumi K, Mishima E, Akiyama Y, Matsuhashi T, Nakamichi T, Kisu K, Nishiyama S, Ikenouchi H, Kikuchi A, Izumi R, Miyazaki M, Abe T, Sato H, Ito S. Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Associated with Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia and Mitochondrial DNA A3243G Mutation. Nephron Clin Pract 2017; 138:243-248. [PMID: 29190634 DOI: 10.1159/000485109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is caused by various etiologies, with mitochondrial dysfunction being one of the causes. FSGS is known to be associated with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS), which is a subclass of mitochondrial disease. However, it has rarely been reported in other mitochondrial disease subclasses. Here, we reported a 20-year-old man diagnosed with FSGS associated with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) due to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 3243A>G mutation. He presented with left ptosis, short stature, mild sensorineural deafness, and cardiac conduction block. A renal biopsy sample showed segmental sclerosis and adhesions between capillaries and Bowman's capsule, indicating FSGS. Electron microscopy demonstrated abnormal aggregated mitochondria in podocytes, and the basement membrane and epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule. Skeletal muscle biopsy also showed accumulation of abnormal mitochondria. mtDNA analysis identified heteroplasmic mtDNA 3243A>G mutation with no large-scale deletions. From these findings, we diagnosed the case as CPEO with multi-organ involvement including FSGS. Our report demonstrates that CPEO, as well as MELAS, can be associated with FSGS. Because mitochondrial disease presents with a variety of clinical symptoms, atypical cases with non-classical manifestations are observed. Thus, mitochondrial disease should be considered as an underlying cause of FSGS with systemic manifestations even with atypical phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Narumi
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Eikan Mishima
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukako Akiyama
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Matsuhashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamichi
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Kisu
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nishiyama
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hajime Ikenouchi
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akio Kikuchi
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Rumiko Izumi
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mariko Miyazaki
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takaaki Abe
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Medical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Clinical Biology and Hormonal Regulation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sato
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sadayoshi Ito
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Nishiyama S, Misu T, Shishido-Hara Y, Nakamichi K, Saijo M, Takai Y, Takei K, Yamamoto N, Kuroda H, Saito R, Watanabe M, Tominaga T, Nakashima I, Fujihara K, Aoki M. Fingolimod-associated PML with mild IRIS in MS: A clinicopathologic study. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2017; 5:e415. [PMID: 29725611 PMCID: PMC5930970 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To clarify the clinical, neuropathologic, and virologic characteristics of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and its immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in a patient with fingolimod-treated MS. Methods: A case study. Results: A 34-year-old patient with MS using fingolimod for 4 years had a gradual progression of right hemiparesis and aphasia with a new subcortical white matter lesion in the precentral gyrus by initial MRI. Blood tests were normal, except for lymphopenia (160 cells/μL). One month after the cessation of fingolimod, brain MRI depicted a diffusely exacerbated hyperintensity on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and diffusion-weighed imaging in the white matter with punctate gadolinium enhancement, suggesting PML-IRIS. A very low level of JC virus (JCV)-DNA (15 copies/mL) was detected in the CSF as judged by quantitative PCR. Brain tissues were biopsied from the left frontal lesion, which showed some small demyelinated foci with predominant loss of myelin-associated glycoprotein with infiltrations of lymphocytes and macrophages, but clear viral inclusion was not observed with hematoxylin-eosin staining. JCV-DNA was uniquely detectable in an active inflammatory demyelinating lesion by in situ hybridization, possibly suggesting an early phase of PML. DNA extracted from the brain sample was positive for JCV-DNA (151 copies/cell). It took 3 months to normalize the blood lymphocyte count. The patient was treated with 1 g of IV methylprednisolone for 3 days and a weekly oral dose (375 mg) of mefloquine, and her symptoms gradually improved. Conclusion: Low CSF JCV-DNA and unfound viral inclusions initially made her diagnosis difficult. The clinical course of fingolimod-associated PML may be associated with mild immune reconstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Nishiyama
- Department of Neurology (S.N., T.M., Y.T., K.T., N.Y., H.K., M.A.), Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (T.M.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.S., T.T.), and Department of Pathology (M.W.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Anatomic Pathology (Y.S.-H.), Tokyo Medical University; Department of Virology 1 (K.N., M.S.), Laboratory of Neurovirology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases; Department of Neurology (I.N.), Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai; and Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (K.F.), Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine and Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Center, Southern TOHOKU Research Institute for Neuroscience, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Misu
- Department of Neurology (S.N., T.M., Y.T., K.T., N.Y., H.K., M.A.), Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (T.M.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.S., T.T.), and Department of Pathology (M.W.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Anatomic Pathology (Y.S.-H.), Tokyo Medical University; Department of Virology 1 (K.N., M.S.), Laboratory of Neurovirology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases; Department of Neurology (I.N.), Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai; and Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (K.F.), Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine and Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Center, Southern TOHOKU Research Institute for Neuroscience, Japan
| | - Yukiko Shishido-Hara
- Department of Neurology (S.N., T.M., Y.T., K.T., N.Y., H.K., M.A.), Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (T.M.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.S., T.T.), and Department of Pathology (M.W.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Anatomic Pathology (Y.S.-H.), Tokyo Medical University; Department of Virology 1 (K.N., M.S.), Laboratory of Neurovirology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases; Department of Neurology (I.N.), Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai; and Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (K.F.), Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine and Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Center, Southern TOHOKU Research Institute for Neuroscience, Japan
| | - Kazuo Nakamichi
- Department of Neurology (S.N., T.M., Y.T., K.T., N.Y., H.K., M.A.), Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (T.M.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.S., T.T.), and Department of Pathology (M.W.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Anatomic Pathology (Y.S.-H.), Tokyo Medical University; Department of Virology 1 (K.N., M.S.), Laboratory of Neurovirology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases; Department of Neurology (I.N.), Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai; and Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (K.F.), Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine and Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Center, Southern TOHOKU Research Institute for Neuroscience, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saijo
- Department of Neurology (S.N., T.M., Y.T., K.T., N.Y., H.K., M.A.), Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (T.M.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.S., T.T.), and Department of Pathology (M.W.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Anatomic Pathology (Y.S.-H.), Tokyo Medical University; Department of Virology 1 (K.N., M.S.), Laboratory of Neurovirology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases; Department of Neurology (I.N.), Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai; and Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (K.F.), Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine and Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Center, Southern TOHOKU Research Institute for Neuroscience, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Takai
- Department of Neurology (S.N., T.M., Y.T., K.T., N.Y., H.K., M.A.), Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (T.M.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.S., T.T.), and Department of Pathology (M.W.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Anatomic Pathology (Y.S.-H.), Tokyo Medical University; Department of Virology 1 (K.N., M.S.), Laboratory of Neurovirology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases; Department of Neurology (I.N.), Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai; and Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (K.F.), Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine and Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Center, Southern TOHOKU Research Institute for Neuroscience, Japan
| | - Kentarou Takei
- Department of Neurology (S.N., T.M., Y.T., K.T., N.Y., H.K., M.A.), Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (T.M.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.S., T.T.), and Department of Pathology (M.W.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Anatomic Pathology (Y.S.-H.), Tokyo Medical University; Department of Virology 1 (K.N., M.S.), Laboratory of Neurovirology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases; Department of Neurology (I.N.), Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai; and Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (K.F.), Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine and Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Center, Southern TOHOKU Research Institute for Neuroscience, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of Neurology (S.N., T.M., Y.T., K.T., N.Y., H.K., M.A.), Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (T.M.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.S., T.T.), and Department of Pathology (M.W.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Anatomic Pathology (Y.S.-H.), Tokyo Medical University; Department of Virology 1 (K.N., M.S.), Laboratory of Neurovirology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases; Department of Neurology (I.N.), Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai; and Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (K.F.), Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine and Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Center, Southern TOHOKU Research Institute for Neuroscience, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kuroda
- Department of Neurology (S.N., T.M., Y.T., K.T., N.Y., H.K., M.A.), Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (T.M.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.S., T.T.), and Department of Pathology (M.W.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Anatomic Pathology (Y.S.-H.), Tokyo Medical University; Department of Virology 1 (K.N., M.S.), Laboratory of Neurovirology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases; Department of Neurology (I.N.), Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai; and Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (K.F.), Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine and Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Center, Southern TOHOKU Research Institute for Neuroscience, Japan
| | - Ryuta Saito
- Department of Neurology (S.N., T.M., Y.T., K.T., N.Y., H.K., M.A.), Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (T.M.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.S., T.T.), and Department of Pathology (M.W.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Anatomic Pathology (Y.S.-H.), Tokyo Medical University; Department of Virology 1 (K.N., M.S.), Laboratory of Neurovirology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases; Department of Neurology (I.N.), Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai; and Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (K.F.), Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine and Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Center, Southern TOHOKU Research Institute for Neuroscience, Japan
| | - Mika Watanabe
- Department of Neurology (S.N., T.M., Y.T., K.T., N.Y., H.K., M.A.), Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (T.M.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.S., T.T.), and Department of Pathology (M.W.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Anatomic Pathology (Y.S.-H.), Tokyo Medical University; Department of Virology 1 (K.N., M.S.), Laboratory of Neurovirology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases; Department of Neurology (I.N.), Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai; and Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (K.F.), Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine and Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Center, Southern TOHOKU Research Institute for Neuroscience, Japan
| | - Teiji Tominaga
- Department of Neurology (S.N., T.M., Y.T., K.T., N.Y., H.K., M.A.), Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (T.M.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.S., T.T.), and Department of Pathology (M.W.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Anatomic Pathology (Y.S.-H.), Tokyo Medical University; Department of Virology 1 (K.N., M.S.), Laboratory of Neurovirology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases; Department of Neurology (I.N.), Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai; and Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (K.F.), Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine and Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Center, Southern TOHOKU Research Institute for Neuroscience, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakashima
- Department of Neurology (S.N., T.M., Y.T., K.T., N.Y., H.K., M.A.), Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (T.M.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.S., T.T.), and Department of Pathology (M.W.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Anatomic Pathology (Y.S.-H.), Tokyo Medical University; Department of Virology 1 (K.N., M.S.), Laboratory of Neurovirology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases; Department of Neurology (I.N.), Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai; and Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (K.F.), Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine and Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Center, Southern TOHOKU Research Institute for Neuroscience, Japan
| | - Kazuo Fujihara
- Department of Neurology (S.N., T.M., Y.T., K.T., N.Y., H.K., M.A.), Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (T.M.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.S., T.T.), and Department of Pathology (M.W.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Anatomic Pathology (Y.S.-H.), Tokyo Medical University; Department of Virology 1 (K.N., M.S.), Laboratory of Neurovirology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases; Department of Neurology (I.N.), Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai; and Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (K.F.), Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine and Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Center, Southern TOHOKU Research Institute for Neuroscience, Japan
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Department of Neurology (S.N., T.M., Y.T., K.T., N.Y., H.K., M.A.), Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (T.M.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.S., T.T.), and Department of Pathology (M.W.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Anatomic Pathology (Y.S.-H.), Tokyo Medical University; Department of Virology 1 (K.N., M.S.), Laboratory of Neurovirology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases; Department of Neurology (I.N.), Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai; and Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (K.F.), Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine and Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Center, Southern TOHOKU Research Institute for Neuroscience, Japan
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49
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Takai Y, Misu T, Nishiyama S, Kuroda H, Kaneko K, Ogawa R, Takahashi T, Ichiro N, Suzuki H, Kazuo F, Masashi A. The staging of astrocytopathy in aquaporin 4-igg-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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50
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Ogawa R, Nakashima I, Takahashi T, Kaneko K, Akaishi T, Takai Y, Sato D, Nishiyama S, Fujimori J, Misu T, Kuroda H, Ikeda T, Uchibori A, Ohashi T, Fujihara K, Aoki M. Autoimmune encephalitis in patients with anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-antibody. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.2234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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