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Lin CH, Wu JG, Lin HH, Luo SC. Electrified Interactions of Polyzwitterions with Charged Surfaces: Role of Dipole Orientation and Surface Potentials. Langmuir 2024; 40:7653-7660. [PMID: 38532553 PMCID: PMC11008249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The zwitterionic groups possess strong dipole moments, leading to inter- or intrachain interactions among zwitterionic polymers. This study aims to demonstrate the interaction of polyzwitterions poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC), and poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) (PCBMA) with electrified surfaces, despite their electrically neutral nature. We studied the adsorption of polyzwitterions and their monomers on electrified surfaces by using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (EQCM-D). The interaction between zwitterionic molecules and charged surfaces is explored by adjusting the surface potentials. Interestingly, the adsorption of polyzwitterions can be influenced by external potential, primarily due to the formation of polyzwitterions restricting the mobility of zwitterionic groups, affecting the adsorption behavior of polyzwitterions based on the surface potential. The impact is determined by the arrangement of positive and negative ions within the zwitterionic groups, which are the dipole orientation. Additionally, surface potentials determine the adsorption rate, amount, and chain conformation of the adsorbed thin polyzwitterion layers. The effect of ionic strength was investigated by introducing electrolytes into the aqueous solutions to assess the range of influenced surface potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsuan Lin
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Guang Wu
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsun-Hao Lin
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
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2
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Lin CH, Tang X, Chen P, Luo SC. Unraveling the Adhesion Behavior of Different Cell Lines on Biomimetic PEDOT Interfaces: The Role of Surface Morphology and Antifouling Properties. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2023; 6:5695-5707. [PMID: 37971532 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) interface, renowned for its biocompatibility and intrinsic conductivity, holds substantial potential in biosensing and cellular modulation. Through strategic functionalization, PEDOT derivatives can be adaptable for multifaceted applications. Notably, integrating phosphorylcholine (PC) groups into PEDOT, mimicking the hydrophilic headgroups from cell membranes, confers exceptional antifouling properties on the coating. This study systematically investigated biomolecule interactions with distinct forms of PEDOT, incorporating variations in surface modifications and structure. Zwitterionic PEDOT-PC was electropolymerized on smooth and nanostructured surfaces using various feeding ratios in electrolytes to finely control the antifouling properties of the interface. Precise electropolymerization conditions governed the attainment of smooth and nanostructured filamentous surfaces. The study employed a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) to assess protein binding behavior. Bovine serum albumin (BSA), lysozyme (LYZ), cytochrome c (cyt c), and fibronectin (FN) were used to evaluate their binding affinities for PEDOT films. FN, a pivotal extracellular matrix component, was included for connecting to cell adhesion behavior. Furthermore, the cellular adhesion behaviors on PEDOT interfaces were evaluated. Three cell lines─MG-63 osteosarcoma, HeLa cervical cancer, and fibroblast NIH/3T3 were examined. The presence of PC moieties significantly altered the adhesive response, including the number of attached cells, their morphologies, and nucleus shrinkage. MG-63 cells exhibited the highest tolerance for PC moieties. A feeding ratio of PEDOT-PC exceeding 70% resulted in cell apoptosis. This study contributes to understanding biomolecule adsorption on PEDOT surfaces of diverse morphologies and degrees of the antifouling moiety. Meanwhile, it also sheds light on the responses of various cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsin Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Xiaofang Tang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Peilin Chen
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
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3
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Lin HH, Lin CH, Luo SC. Engineering Superaerophobic Electrodes Using Hydrophilic PEDOT and Colloidal Lithography for Enhanced Bubble Release and Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37279072 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The efficient removal of gas bubbles is essential to reduce the reaction overpotential and improve the electrode stability in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). To address this challenge, the current study combines hydrophilic functionalized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) with colloidal lithography to create superaerophobic electrode surfaces. The fabrication process involves the use of polystyrene (PS) beads with varying sizes (100, 200, and 500 nm) as hard templates and the electropolymerization of EDOTs with hydroxymethyl (EDOT-OH) and sulfonate (EDOT-SuNa) functional groups. The surface properties and HER performances of the electrodes are investigated. The electrode modified with poly(EDOT-SuNa) and 200 nm PS beads (SuNa/Ni/Au-200) exhibits the best hydrophilicity with a water contact angle of 37°. Moreover, the overpotential required at -10 mA cm-2 is substantially reduced from -388 mV (flat Ni/Au) to -273 mV (SuNa/Ni/Au-200). This approach is further applied to commercially available nickel foam electrodes, showing improved HER activity and electrode stability. These results highlight the potential for promoting catalytic efficiency by constructing a superaerophobic electrode surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsun-Hao Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsin Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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4
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Lin CH, Luo SC. Zwitterionic Conducting Polymers: From Molecular Design, Surface Modification, and Interfacial Phenomenon to Biomedical Applications. Langmuir 2022; 38:7383-7399. [PMID: 35675211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Conducting polymers (CPs) have gained attention as electrode materials in bioengineering mainly because of their mechanical softness compared to conventional inorganic materials. To achieve better performance and broaden bioelectronics applications, the surface modification of soft zwitterionic polymers with antifouling properties represents a facile approach to preventing unwanted nonspecific protein adsorption and improving biocompatibility. This feature article emphasizes the antifouling properties of zwitterionic CPs, accompanied by their molecular synthesis and surface modification methods and an analysis of the interfacial phenomenon. Herein, commonly used methods for zwitterionic functionalization on CPs are introduced, including the synthesis of zwitterionic moieties on CP molecules and postsurface modification, such as the grafting of zwitterionic polymer brushes. To analyze the chain conformation, the structure of bound water in the vicinity of zwitterionic CPs and biomolecule behavior, such as protein adsorption or cell adhesion, provide critical insights into the antifouling properties. Integrating these characterization techniques offers general guidelines and paves the way for designing new zwitterionic CPs for advanced biomedical applications. Recent advances in newly designed zwitterionic CP-based electrodes have demonstrated outstanding potential in modern biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
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5
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Yeh SL, Deval P, Wu JG, Luo SC, Tsai WB. One-step electrochemical deposition of antifouling polymers with pyrogallol for biosensing applications. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:2504-2511. [PMID: 35018937 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02536h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical techniques are highly sensitive and label-free sensing methods for the detection of various biomarkers, toxins, or pathogens. An ideal sensing element should be electroconductive, nonfouling, and readily available for conjugation of ligands. In this work, we have developed a facile, one-step electrodeposition method based on pyrogallol polymerization for preparation of a nonfouling and biotinylated surface on indium tin oxide (ITO). A copolymer of sulfobetaine methacrylate and aminoethyl methacrylate (pSBAE) was synthesized and deposited on ITO in the presence of pyrogallol via cyclic voltammetry. The deposition took less than 15 minutes to sufficiently inhibit cell adhesion. Using biotinylated pSBAE, the modified surface resisted nonspecific protein adsorption from the fetal bovine serum solution and detected added avidin concentrations. The results show an efficient platform to fabricate an electrochemical biosensor for the detection of biomarkers. We expect that this facile one-step technology could be applied to conjugate various biosensing elements for nonfouling biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Lin Yeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Piyush Deval
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Jhih-Guang Wu
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Bor Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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6
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Abstract
Conducting polymers (CPs) are of great interests to researchers around the world in biomedical applications owing to their unique electrical and mechanical properties. Besides, they are easy to fabricate and have long-term stability. These features make CPs a powerful building block of modern biomaterials. Peptide functionalization has been a versatile tool for the development of CP-based biomaterials. With the aid of peptide modifications, the biocompatibility, target selectivity, and cellular interactions of CPs can be greatly improved. Reflecting these aspects, an increasing number of studies on peptide-integrated conducting polymers have been reported recently. In this review, various kinds of peptide immobilization strategies on CPs are introduced. Moreover, the aims of peptide modification are discussed in three aspects: enhancing the specific selectivity, avoiding nonspecific adhesion, and mimicking the environment of extracellular matrix. We highlighted recent studies in the applications of peptide-integrated CPs in electrochemical sensors, antifouling surfaces, and conductive biointerfaces. These studies have shown great potentials from the integration of peptide and CPs as a versatile platform for advanced biological and clinical applications in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Cha Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, No.1 Jen Ai Road, Section 1, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Miaoli County, 35053 Taiwan
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7
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Nishimoto T, Enomoto T, Lin CH, Wu JG, Gupit CI, Li X, Luo SC, Akimoto AM, Yoshida R. Construction of a nano-phase-separated structure on a hydrogel surface. Soft Matter 2022; 18:722-725. [PMID: 35019926 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01659h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A hydrogel surface with a nano-phase-separated structure was successfully fabricated by grafting a fluorine-containing polymer using activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerisation (ARGET ATRP). The modified hydrogel surface exhibits water repellency and high elasticity with maintaining transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taihei Nishimoto
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Takafumi Enomoto
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Chia-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Guang Wu
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Caidric Indaya Gupit
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Xiang Li
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Aya Mizutani Akimoto
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Ryo Yoshida
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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8
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Lin CH, Luo SC. Combination of AFM and Electrochemical QCM-D for Probing Zwitterionic Polymer Brushes in Water: Visualization of Ionic Strength and Surface Potential Effects. Langmuir 2021; 37:12476-12486. [PMID: 34648298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The surface modification of soft zwitterionic polymer brushes with antifouling properties represents a facile approach to enhancing the performance of bioelectronics. Ionic strength and applied potentials play a crucial role in controlling polymer brushes' conformation and hydration states. In this study, we quantitatively investigated and compared poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC) and poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA) brushes at different salt concentrations and applied surface potentials. Initiator-containing poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) films (poly(EDOT-Br)) were prepared by electropolymerization. After the conducting polymer was deposited, polymer brushes grew from the electrode surface through surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). Polymer brushes were carefully characterized for their surface morphologies using an atomic force microscope (AFM). The force volume method measured using AFM enabled the analysis of the Young's modulus of the two polymer brushes. Hydration states and protein binding behaviors of polymer brushes were examined using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). We further integrated a potentiostat with the QCM-D to conduct an electrochemical QCM-D study. The energy dissipation and frequency changes corresponded to the ion adsorption on the film surface under different ionic strengths. The results of both hydration states and nonspecific protein binding behavior indicate that PMPC brushes have greater ionic strength independency, implying the conformation of the unchanged PMPC brushes. Moreover, we illustrated how the surface potential influences nonspecific and specific binding behavior on PMPC brushes on PEDOT films compared with electrified poly(EDOT-PC) electrodes. We concluded that PMPC brushes exhibit unique behaviors that are barely affected by ion concentration, and that the brushes' modification results in less influence by surface potential due to the finite Debye length influencing the electrode surface to outer environment in an NaCl aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Miaoli County, 35053 Taiwan
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9
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Tseng CH, Lin HH, Hung CW, Cheng IC, Luo SC, Cheng IC, Chen JZ. Electropolymerized Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/Screen-Printed Reduced Graphene Oxide-Chitosan Bilayer Electrodes for Flexible Supercapacitors. ACS Omega 2021; 6:16455-16464. [PMID: 34235317 PMCID: PMC8246451 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An electropolymerized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)/screen-printed reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-chitosan (CS) bilayer material was coated on carbon cloth to form electrodes for gel-electrolyte flexible supercapacitors. The conductive polymer and carbon-based materials mainly contribute pseudocapacitance (PC) and electrical double-layer capacitance (EDLC), respectively. The high porosity and hydrophilicity of the PEDOT/rGO-CS bilayer material offers a large contact area and improves the contact quality for the gel electrolyte, thereby enhancing the capacitive performance. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) under a potential scan rate of 2 mV/s revealed that a maximum areal capacitance of 1073.67 mF/cm2 was achieved. The capacitance contribution ratio PC/EDLC was evaluated to be ∼67/33 by the Trasatti method. A 10,000-cycle CV test showed a capacitance retention rate of 99.3% under a potential scan rate of 200 mV/s, indicating good stability. The areal capacitance remains similar under bending with a bending curvature of up to 1.5 cm-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hui Tseng
- Graduate
Institute of Applied Mechanics, National
Taiwan University, Taipei
City 106319, Taiwan
- Advanced
Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106319, Taiwan
| | - Hsun-Hao Lin
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
Taiwan University, Taipei City 106319, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Hung
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan
University, Taipei City 106319, Taiwan
| | - I-Chung Cheng
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan
University, Taipei City 106319, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
Taiwan University, Taipei City 106319, Taiwan
- Advanced
Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106319, Taiwan
| | - I-Chun Cheng
- Graduate
Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics & Department of Electrical
Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106319, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Zhang Chen
- Graduate
Institute of Applied Mechanics, National
Taiwan University, Taipei
City 106319, Taiwan
- Advanced
Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106319, Taiwan
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10
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Chin M, Tada S, Tsai MH, Ito Y, Luo SC. Strategy to Immobilize Peptide Probe Selected through In Vitro Ribosome Display for Electrochemical Aptasensor Application. Anal Chem 2020; 92:11260-11267. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Chin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Seiichi Tada
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Min-Han Tsai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yoshihiro Ito
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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11
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Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been widely used for bioanalysis because it provides a high sensitivity for detecting analytes of ultralow concentrations. However, the clinical application of a 2D SERS-active substrate remains challenging because of the difficulty of obtaining accurate quantification, especially at low concentration. In this study, we proposed an analytical method that integrates an optimized sample mapping strategy with an electrochemical SERS (EC-SERS) technique to resolve this problem. We adopted this method to detect two metabolites of azathioprine, namely 6-thioguanine nucleotides (6-TGNs) and 6-methylmercaptopurine (6-MMP), as our proof-of-concept experiment. We first prepared a conductive SERS-active substrate by electrochemically depositing Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) on indium tin oxide glass. The two metabolites were then randomly absorbed on the surface of the AuNPs of the SERS-active substrates. When we applied a negative potential on the substrate, we observed a large enhancement of Raman intensity for both metabolites, which was attributed to both the charge transfer effect and reorientation of metabolites on the substrate surface, leading to the formation of Au-S bonds. In addition, by optimizing the mapping range, we were able to efficiently reduce the standard deviation of SERS intensity and achieve a consistent standard deviation lower than 10%. With these two features, we were able to achieve quantitative analysis of 6-TGNs and 6-MMP with a detection limit of 10 and 100 nM, respectively. The integration of EC-SERS and the mapping method provided a reliable and quantitative analytical platform for analytes, which can be electrochemically modulated, like 6-TGNs and 6-MMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yow-Kuan Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ruo-Ju Tai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, No. 1, Sec. 1, Jen Ai Road, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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12
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Zhang YQ, Lin HA, Pan QC, Qian SH, Zhang SH, Qiu G, Luo SC, Yu HH, Zhu B. Tunable Protein/Cell Binding and Interaction with Neurite Outgrowth of Low-Impedance Zwitterionic PEDOTs. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:12362-12372. [PMID: 32057222 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b23025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Zwitterionic poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is an effective electronic material for bioelectronics because it exhibits efficient electrical trade-off and diminishes immune response. To promote the use of zwitterionic PEDOTs in bioelectronic devices, especially for cell alignment control and close electrocoupling, features such as tunable interaction of PEDOTs with proteins/cells and spatially modulating cell behavior are required. However, there is a lack of reliable methods to assemble zwitterionic EDOTs with other functionalized EDOT materials, having different polarities and oxidation potentials, to prepare PEDOTs with the aforementioned surface properties. In this study, we have developed a surfactant-assisted electropolymerization to assemble phosphorylcholine (PC)-functionalized EDOT with other functionalized EDOTs. By adjusting compositions, the interaction of PEDOT copolymers with proteins/cells can be finely tuned; the composition adjustment has an ignorable influence on the impedance of the copolymers. We also demonstrate that the cell-repulsive force generated from PC can spatially guide the neurite outgrowth to form a neuron network at single-cell resolution and greatly enhance the neurite outgrowth by 179%, which is significantly more distinctive than the reported topography effect. We expect that the derived tunable protein/cell interaction and the PC-induced repulsive guidance for the neurite outgrowth can make low-impedance zwitterionic PEDOTs more useful in bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials & College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 Renmin North Road, Songjiang, Shanghai 201600, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Baoshan, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hsing-An Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Baoshan, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qi-Chao Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials & College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 Renmin North Road, Songjiang, Shanghai 201600, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Baoshan, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Si-Hao Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials & College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 Renmin North Road, Songjiang, Shanghai 201600, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Baoshan, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Shu-Hua Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Baoshan, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Gao Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials & College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 Renmin North Road, Songjiang, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica, 128 Academic Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Bo Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Baoshan, Shanghai 200444, China
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13
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Mukai M, Cheng CH, Ma W, Chin M, Lin CH, Luo SC, Takahara A. Synthesis of a conductive polymer thin film having a choline phosphate side group and its bioadhesive properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:2691-2694. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09949b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A conductive polymer thin film having choline phosphate as the side group was prepared. The polymer thin film can prevent bovine serum albumin binding while present nice fibroblast cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Mukai
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Nishi-ku
- Japan
| | - Chao-Hung Cheng
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Nishi-ku
- Japan
| | - Wei Ma
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CER)
- Kyushu University
- Nishi-ku
- Japan
| | - Mi Chin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsin Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Atsushi Takahara
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Nishi-ku
- Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering
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14
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Lee BS, Lin YC, Hsu WC, Hou CH, Shyue JJ, Hsiao SY, Wu PJ, Lee YT, Luo SC. Engineering Antifouling and Antibacterial Stainless Steel for Orthodontic Appliances through Layer-by-Layer Deposition of Nanocomposite Coatings. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2019; 3:486-494. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bor-Shiunn Lee
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10048, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10048, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chieh Hsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hung Hou
- Research Center for Applied Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Jong Shyue
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yun Hsiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ju Wu
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10048, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Te Lee
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10048, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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15
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Abstract
Conducting polymers are considered to be favorable electrode materials for implanted biosensors and bioelectronics, because their mechanical properties are similar to those of biological tissues such as nerve and brain tissues. However, one of the primary challenges for implanted devices is to prevent the unwanted protein adhesion or cell binding within biological fluids. The nonspecific adsorption generally causes the malfunction of implanted devices, which is problematic for long-term applications. When responding to the requirements of solving the problems caused by nonspecific adsorption, an increasing number of studies on antifouling conducting polymers has been recently published. In this review, synthetic strategies for preparing antifouling conducting polymers, including direct synthesis of functional monomers and post-functionalization, are introduced. The applications of antifouling conducting polymers in modern biomedical applications are particularly highlighted. This paper presents focuses on the features of antifouling conducting polymers and the challenges of modern biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhih-Guang Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Jie-Hao Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ting Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
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16
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Chen Y, Luo SC. Synergistic Effects of Ions and Surface Potentials on Antifouling Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): Comparison of Oligo(Ethylene Glycol) and Phosphorylcholine. Langmuir 2019; 35:1199-1210. [PMID: 30089366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
For electrified surfaces, ions and applied potentials play major roles in controlling the surface properties. Antifouling materials such as poly(ethylene glycol) and zwitterionic polymers that resist nonspecific protein binding and cell adhesion play a key role in various biomedical applications. In this study, we investigated and compared the antifouling properties of conducting polymers grafted with oligo(ethylene glycol) groups and phosphorylcholine (PC) groups in the presence of different anions and applied potentials. Considerable effort has been made to illustrate the different effects of manipulating the antifouling properties of these two surfaces. We prepared polymer films by applying electropolymerization to two functionalized (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polymers containing triethylene glycol and PC groups, respectively. A quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) was employed to characterize the negatively charged bovine serum albumin and positively charged lysozyme adsorption as a function of ionic concentration in the presence of various Hofmeister anions. The frequency changes corresponded to the protein or ion adsorption/desorption behavior on the surface. The anions adsorbed on polymer films to effectively enhance the hydration layer of the polymer surface and reduce nonspecific protein binding. We further integrated a potentiostat with the QCM-D to control the protein adsorption/desorption behaviors by applying potentials, and we conducted an electrochemical QCM-D study. Most importantly, with the synergistic effect of ions and surface potential, a nearly fresh polymer surface was regenerated. This study describes principles to maintain and regenerate the antifouling properties of electrified surfaces, which are critical for implanted bioelectronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
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17
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Tsai MH, Lin YK, Luo SC. Electrochemical SERS for in Situ Monitoring the Redox States of PEDOT and Its Potential Application in Oxidant Detection. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:1402-1410. [PMID: 30562457 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In response to recent developments for applying conducting polymers on various biomedical applications, the development of characterization techniques for evaluating the states of conducting polymers in liquids is beneficial to the applications of these materials. In this study, we propose a platform using electrochemical surface-enhanced Raman scattering (EC-SERS) technology, which allows a direct measurement of the redox states of conducing polymers in liquids. A thiophene-based conducting polymer, hydroxymethyl poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) or poly(EDOT-OH), was used to demonstrate this concept. Poly(EDOT-OH) films were coated on Au nanoparticle-coated ITO glass as SERS-active substrates. Taking the advantage of Raman enhancement, we can in situ and clearly monitor the redox behavior of poly(EDOT-OH) in aqueous solutions. The Raman peak intensity decreases as the poly(EDOT-OH) film is oxidized. Furthermore, we demonstrated our idea to utilize this phenomenon as the sensing mechanism for oxidant detection. The Raman intensity of conducting polymers reduces faster when oxidants exist, and we obtain a quantitative analysis for the detection of oxidants. Moreover, the oxidized poly(EDOT-OH) films can be reused for detection of oxidants simply by applying a reduction potential to activate the poly(EDOT-OH) films. The film stability was also confirmed, and the detection of two other oxidants, namely ammonium persulfate and iron chloride, were also demonstrated. The results show different SERS spectra of poly(EDOT-OH) films oxidized by using different oxidants. Besides, the oxidized films can be easily recovered simply by applying a cathodic potential, which allows repeating usage and makes it possible for continuous monitoring applications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to apply PEDOT's Raman feature for detection purposes.
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Shing Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Ching Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Tapei 10002, Taiwan
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fang Su
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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19
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K C TB, Tada S, Zhu L, Uzawa T, Minagawa N, Luo SC, Zhao H, Yu HH, Aigaki T, Ito Y. Correction: In vitro selection of electrochemical peptide probes using bioorthogonal tRNA for influenza virus detection. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:7542. [PMID: 29942969 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc90286k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Correction for 'In vitro selection of electrochemical peptide probes using bioorthogonal tRNA for influenza virus detection' by Tara Bahadur K. C. et al., Chem. Commun., 2018, 54, 5201-5204.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Bahadur K C
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. and Graduate School of Biological Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Seiichi Tada
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Liping Zhu
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takanori Uzawa
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. and Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Noriko Minagawa
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Responsive Organic Materials Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan and Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Haichao Zhao
- Responsive Organic Materials Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hsiao-Hua Yu
- Responsive Organic Materials Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan and Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Toshiro Aigaki
- Graduate School of Biological Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan and Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ito
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. and Graduate School of Biological Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan and Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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20
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Huang PC, Shen MY, Yu HH, Wei SC, Luo SC. Surface Engineering of Phenylboronic Acid-Functionalized Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) for Fast Responsive and Sensitive Glucose Monitoring. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chun Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Mo-Yuan Shen
- Smart Organic Material Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-hua Yu
- Smart Organic Material Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, No.1 Jen Ai Road, Section 1, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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21
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K C TB, Tada S, Zhu L, Uzawa T, Minagawa N, Luo SC, Zhao H, Yu HH, Aigaki T, Ito Y. In vitro selection of electrochemical peptide probes using bioorthogonal tRNA for influenza virus detection. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:5201-5204. [PMID: 29718049 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01775a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An electrosensitive peptide probe has been developed from an in vitro selection technique using biorthogonal tRNA prepared with an electroreactive non-natural amino acid, 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-conjugated aminophenylalanine. The selected probe quantitatively detected the influenza virus based on a signal "turn-on" mechanism. The developed strategy could be used to develop electrochemical biosensors toward a variety of targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Bahadur K C
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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22
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Wang ZH, Chang YY, Wu JG, Lin CY, An HL, Luo SC, Tang TK, Su WF. Macromol. Biosci. 3/2018. Macromol Biosci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201870006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National Taiwan University; Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yu Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National Taiwan University; Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Guang Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National Taiwan University; Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National Taiwan University; Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Lung An
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Academia Sinica; Taipei 11529 Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National Taiwan University; Taipei 10617 Taiwan
- Molecular Image Center; National Taiwan University; Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Tang K. Tang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Academia Sinica; Taipei 11529 Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fang Su
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National Taiwan University; Taipei 10617 Taiwan
- Molecular Image Center; National Taiwan University; Taipei 10617 Taiwan
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23
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Wu JG, Wei SC, Chen Y, Chen JH, Luo SC. Critical Study of the Recognition between C-Reactive Protein and Surface-Immobilized Phosphorylcholine by Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation. Langmuir 2018; 34:943-951. [PMID: 29120646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP), a biomarker for cardiovascular disease, has been reported to have a strong affinity to zwitterionic phosphorylcholine (PC) groups in the presence of calcium ions. In addition, PC-immobilized surfaces have been used as a nonfouling coating to prevent nonspecific protein binding. By appropriately using the features of PC-immobilized surfaces, including specific recognition to CRP and nonfouling surface, it is reasonable to create an antibody-free biosensor for the specific capture of CRP. In this study, PC-functionalized 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) monomers were used to prepare PC-immobilized surfaces. The density of PC groups on the surface can be fine-tuned by changing the composition of the monomer solutions for the electropolymerization. The density of PC group was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The specific interaction of CRP with PC groups was monitored by using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). The amount of protein binding could be estimated by the reduction in frequency readout. Through the QCM-D measurement, we revealed the nonfouling property and the specific CRP capture from our PC-immobilized surfaces. Notably, the dissipation energy also dropped during the binding process between CRP and PC, indicating the release of water molecules from the PC groups during CRP adsorption. We anticipate that surface-bound water molecules are mainly released from areas near the immobilized PC groups. Based on Hofmeister series, we further examined the influence of ions by introducing four different anions including both kosmotrope (order maker) and chaotrope (disorder maker) into the buffer for the CRP binding test. The results showed that the concentration and the type of anions play an important role in CRP binding. The present fundamental study reveals deep insights into the recognition between CRP and surface-immobilized PC groups, which can facilitate the development of CRP sensing platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhih-Guang Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine , No. 1 Jen Ai Road, Section 1, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jie-Hao Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Wang ZH, Chang YY, Wu JG, Lin CY, An HL, Luo SC, Tang TK, Su WF. Novel 3D Neuron Regeneration Scaffolds Based on Synthetic Polypeptide Containing Neuron Cue. Macromol Biosci 2017; 18. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National Taiwan University; Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yu Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National Taiwan University; Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Guang Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National Taiwan University; Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National Taiwan University; Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Lung An
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Academia Sinica; Taipei 11529 Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National Taiwan University; Taipei 10617 Taiwan
- Molecular Image Center; National Taiwan University; Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Tang K. Tang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Academia Sinica; Taipei 11529 Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fang Su
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National Taiwan University; Taipei 10617 Taiwan
- Molecular Image Center; National Taiwan University; Taipei 10617 Taiwan
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25
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Luo SC, Thomas JL, Guo HZ, Liao WT, Lee MH, Lin HY. Electrosynthesis of Nanostructured, Imprinted Poly(hydroxymethyl 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) for the Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Detection of Urinary Progesterone. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National Taiwan University No. 1, Sec. 4; Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National Cheng-Kung University; Tainan 701 Taiwan
| | - James L. Thomas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of New Mexico; Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Han-Zhang Guo
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan Department 700; Kaohsiung University Rd., Nan-Tzu District Kaohsiung 811 Taiwan) ectronic
| | - Wei-Tang Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National Cheng-Kung University; Tainan 701 Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hwa Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; I-Shou University; Kaohsiung 840 Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yin Lin
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan Department 700; Kaohsiung University Rd., Nan-Tzu District Kaohsiung 811 Taiwan) ectronic
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26
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Wu JG, Lee CY, Wu SS, Luo SC. Ionic Liquid-Assisted Electropolymerization for Lithographical Perfluorocarbon Deposition and Hydrophobic Patterning. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:22688-22695. [PMID: 27509480 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b07578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We developed a novel approach for hydrophobic patterning: combining the photolithography technique with ionic-liquid (IL)-based electropolymerization to fabricate a hydrophobic pattern. Perfluoro-functionalized 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT-F) dispersed in ILs was directly electropolymerized on substrates, which were patterned in advance with positive photoresists. The positive photoresists did not dissolve in ionic liquids during the electropolymerization process, and the poly(EDOT-F) film created hydrophobic domains, which resulted in hydrophobic patterning. This approach provides desired patterns with a lateral resolution consistent with the mask for photolithography. Two kinds of modified indium-tin-oxide-coated glass (ITO-glass) substrates were used to demonstrate the feasibility of process for creating a hydrophobic pattern: ITO-glass substrates coated with nanostructured PEDOT, and the same substrates coated with Au nanoparticles. By confining water droplets on these two patterned substrates to form droplet arrays, we demonstrated two potential applications: multiple droplet-type electrochemical cells and surface-enhanced Raman scattering platforms. In addition, we also applied this approach to create hydrophobic patterning on ITO-coated polyethylene terephthalate (ITO-PET) substrates. The droplet arrays remained well-organized on the ITO-PET substrates even when the substrates were bent. Our work successfully introduced ILs into the photolithography process, implying great potential for these green solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhih-Guang Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yang Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University , 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Shuo Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University , 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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27
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Zhang M, Luo SC. Gene expression profiling of epithelial ovarian cancer reveals key genes and pathways associated with chemotherapy resistance. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr7496. [PMID: 26909918 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15017496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyze gene expression data to identify key genes and pathways associated with resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and to improve clinical treatment strategies. The gene expression data set was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus and included 12 chemotherapy-resistant EOC samples and 16 chemotherapy-sensitive EOC samples. A differential analysis was performed to screen out differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A functional enrichment analysis was conducted for the DEGs using the database for annotation, visualization, and integration discovery. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed with information from the human protein reference database. Pathway-pathway interactions were determined with a test based on the hypergeometric distribution. A total of 1564 DEGs were identified in chemotherapy-sensitive EOC, including 654 upregulated genes and 910 downregulated genes. The top three upregulated genes were HIST1H3G, AKT3, and RTN3, while the top three downregulated genes were NBLA00301, TRIM62, and EPHA5. A Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that cell adhesion, biological adhesion, and intracellular signaling cascades were significantly enriched in the DEGs. A KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the calcium, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and B cell receptor signaling pathways were significantly over-represented in the DEGs. A PPI network containing 101 interactions was acquired. The top three hub genes were RAC1, CAV1, and BCL2. Five modules were identified from the PPI network. Taken together, these findings could advance the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying intrinsic chemotherapy resistance in EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zhang
- Oncology Department, Sichuan Provincial Hospital and Sichuan Academy of Medical Science, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - S C Luo
- Oncology Department, Sichuan Provincial Hospital and Sichuan Academy of Medical Science, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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28
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Xu Y, Yu HM, Niu YQ, Luo SC, Cheng X. Effects of Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles on Nucleation and Crystal Growth in the Vitrified VS55 During Warming. Cryo Letters 2016; 37:448-454. [PMID: 28072433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND:Magnetic nanoparticles (mNPs), once excited by radiofrequency (RF) energy, could heat uniformly and rapidly the vitrified biospecimens. However, there are few studies about the impact of mNPs on crystallization kinetics of vitrified samples. OBJECTIVES The present work aims to investigate the nucleation and crystal growth in the vitrification solution VS55 with mNPs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ferrotec EMG308 superparamagnetic nanoparticles (10 ± 2.5 nm in diameter) coated with an anionic surfactant was used in this study with Fe2+ concentration around 10 mg/ml. The thermal range and the kinetics of nucleation and crystal growth are conducted by DSC and cryomicroscope through different thermal treatments. RESULTS The fusion heat of VS55+ mNPs is lower than that of VS55 around the rubbery region (-110 to -82 degree C), which suggests the suppression of ice nuclei formation at this temperature range by mNPs. Upon slow cooling especially, much more nuclei in vitrified VS55 forms than that in vitrified VS55+mNPs. The activation energy Ea of VS55 is lower than that of VS55+mNPs (41.6 kJ/mol vs 46.2 kJ/mol) during devitrification. The presence of mNPs helps to form more stable glass. And these results are consistent with the observations by cryomicroscope. CONCLUSION The presence of mNPs suppresses ice nuclei formation, especially at slow cooling conditions, and stabilize the cryoprotective solution. The findings can assist the design of magnetic nanoparticles with functional surface coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xu
- Institute of Biothermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
| | - H M Yu
- Institute of Biothermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Q Niu
- Institute of Biothermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - S C Luo
- Institute of Biothermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - X Cheng
- Institute of Biothermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Chen CH, Luo SC. Tuning Surface Charge and Morphology for the Efficient Detection of Dopamine under the Interferences of Uric Acid, Ascorbic Acid, and Protein Adsorption. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:21931-21938. [PMID: 26381224 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this research, we aimed to evaluate the impact of the surface charges and morphologies of electrodes on electrochemically detecting dopamine (DA) in the presence of protein adsorption, uric acid (UA), and ascorbic acid (AA). Through the electropolymerization of functionalized 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophenes (EDOT) directly on Au electrodes, we successfully created PEDOT-coated electrodes with three different functional groups and nanostructures. Negatively charged carboxylic acid groups attracted DA while reducing the interferences of UA and AA due to electrostatic effect. We used charge-free tetra(ethylene glycol) and zwitterionic phosphocholine groups are used to evaluate the interference of protein adsorption on DA sensing because they both can effectively prevent the nonspecific adsorption of proteins. These two electrodes can avoid protein adsorption, yet proved ineffective for DA sensing: both tetra(ethylene glycol) and the phosphocholine groups are electroneutral and have minimal electrostatic interactions with DA. We also used three proteins of different isoelectric points - bovine serum albumin, lysozyme, and fibrinogen - to evaluate the influence of protein adsorption on DA detection. We found that for an electrode coated with carboxylic acid-functionalized PEDOT, the adsorption of positively charged lysozyme can promote the detection sensitivity of AA and UA, and that all protein adsorption lowers the sensitivity of DA. In contrast, nanostructures promote the detection sensitivity of all three molecules. All of our tested functionalized PEDOT-coated electrodes demonstrated good stability and functionality in buffers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsun Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University , 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University , 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
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30
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Ke Z, Lin M, Chen JF, Choi JS, Zhang Y, Fong A, Liang AJ, Chen SF, Li Q, Fang W, Zhang P, Garcia MA, Lee T, Song M, Lin HA, Zhao H, Luo SC, Hou S, Yu HH, Tseng HR. Programming thermoresponsiveness of NanoVelcro substrates enables effective purification of circulating tumor cells in lung cancer patients. ACS Nano 2015; 9:62-70. [PMID: 25495128 PMCID: PMC4310634 DOI: 10.1021/nn5056282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Unlike tumor biopsies that can be constrained by problems such as sampling bias, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are regarded as the "liquid biopsy" of the tumor, providing convenient access to all disease sites, including primary tumor and fatal metastases. Although enumerating CTCs is of prognostic significance in solid tumors, it is conceivable that performing molecular and functional analyses on CTCs will reveal much significant insight into tumor biology to guide proper therapeutic intervention. We developed the Thermoresponsive NanoVelcro CTC purification system that can be digitally programmed to achieve an optimal performance for purifying CTCs from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The performance of this unique CTC purification system was optimized by systematically modulating surface chemistry, flow rates, and heating/cooling cycles. By applying a physiologically endurable stimulation (i.e., temperature between 4 and 37 °C), the mild operational parameters allow minimum disruption to CTCs' viability and molecular integrity. Subsequently, we were able to successfully demonstrate culture expansion and mutational analysis of the CTCs purified by this CTC purification system. Most excitingly, we adopted the combined use of the Thermoresponsive NanoVelcro system with downstream mutational analysis to monitor the disease evolution of an index NSCLC patient, highlighting its translational value in managing NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunfu Ke
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Address correspondence to , , ,
| | - Millicent Lin
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jie-Fu Chen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jin-sil Choi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Anna Fong
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - An-Jou Liang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Shang-Fu Chen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Qingyu Li
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Wenfeng Fang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Pingshan Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Mitch A. Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Tom Lee
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Min Song
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hsing-An Lin
- Responsive Organic Materials Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Haichao Zhao
- Responsive Organic Materials Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Responsive Organic Materials Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Shuang Hou
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Address correspondence to , , ,
| | - Hsiao-hua Yu
- Responsive Organic Materials Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Address correspondence to , , ,
| | - Hsian-Rong Tseng
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Address correspondence to , , ,
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Lee JE, Luo SC, Zhu B, Park JW, Yu HH. Nanoscale analysis of functionalized polythiophene surfaces: the effects of electropolymerization methods and thermal treatment. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10135a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Luo SC, Sivashanmugan K, Liao JD, Yao CK, Peng HC. Nanofabricated SERS-active substrates for single-molecule to virus detection in vitro: A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 61:232-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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33
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Hsiao YS, Luo SC, Hou S, Zhu B, Sekine J, Kuo CW, Chueh DY, Yu H, Tseng HR, Chen P. 3D bioelectronic interface: capturing circulating tumor cells onto conducting polymer-based micro/nanorod arrays with chemical and topographical control. Small 2014; 10:3012-7. [PMID: 24700425 PMCID: PMC4125486 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201400429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The three-dimensional (3D) poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-based bioelectronic interfaces (BEIs) with diverse dimensional micro/nanorod array structures, varied surface chemical pro-perties, high electrical conductivity, reversible chemical redox switching, and high optical transparency are used for capturing circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Such 3D PEDOT-based BEIs can function as an efficient clinical diagonstic and therapeutic platform.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Responsive Organic Materials Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 (Japan)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan (Taiwan)
| | - Shuang Hou
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770 (USA)
| | - Bo Zhu
- Responsive Organic Materials Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 (Japan)
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai (China)
| | - Jun Sekine
- Responsive Organic Materials Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 (Japan)
| | - Chiung-Wen Kuo
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529 (Taiwan)
| | - Di-Yen Chueh
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529 (Taiwan)
| | - Hsiaohua Yu
- Fax: (+81) (0)48-462-1659, Web: http://www.riken.jp/lab/yuiru/,
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Lee JE, Kwak JW, Park JW, Luo SC, Zhu B, Yu HH. Nanoscale Analysis of a Functionalized Polythiophene Surface by Adhesion Mapping. Anal Chem 2014; 86:6865-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ac500138x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Eun Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31
Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Ju-Won Kwak
- Department
of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31
Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Joon Won Park
- Department
of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31
Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Responsive Organic
Materials Laboratory, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Bo Zhu
- Responsive Organic
Materials Laboratory, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hsiao-hua Yu
- Responsive Organic
Materials Laboratory, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Institute
of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academic Road Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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35
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Li Z, Uzawa T, Zhao H, Luo SC, Yu HH, Kobatake E, Ito Y. In vitro selection of peptide aptamers using a ribosome display for a conducting polymer. J Biosci Bioeng 2014; 117:501-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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36
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Narayanan K, Lim VY, Shen J, Tan ZW, Rajendran D, Luo SC, Gao S, Wan ACA, Ying JY. Extracellular matrix-mediated differentiation of human embryonic stem cells: differentiation to insulin-secreting beta cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 20:424-33. [PMID: 24020641 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have tremendous potential for treating various human diseases. Protocols have been established to differentiate stem cells into specific lineages through the provision of signals in the form of growth factors, cytokines, or small molecules. Herein we investigate an alternative strategy for directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs)--extracellular-matrix (ECM) mediated differentiation. Decellularized ECM and conditioned media from the appropriate committed cell lines are used to differentiate stem cells to the required phenotype. Applying this strategy to differentiate hESCs to pancreatic beta cells, we have obtained functional cells that secreted insulin in a glucose-responsive manner, and were able to recover normoglycemia in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mouse model. ECM-mediated differentiation was also demonstrated to be effective for the differentiation of hESCs into kidney tubule cells and cardiomyocytes. Gene expression studies suggested the involvement of integrins and catenins in the beta cell differentiation process; in particular, α1, αv, and β1 integrins, and β-catenin showed the highest upregulation. To further elucidate the biochemical and mechanical cues that have led to effective hESC differentiation to beta cells, we have employed an artificial system that allowed for variation of matrix stiffness and combination of individual ECM proteins at various ratios. The differentiation response of hESCs to the native ECM could be approximated by optimizing this system.
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38
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Zhao H, Zhu B, Luo SC, Lin HA, Nakao A, Yamashita Y, Yu HH. Controlled protein absorption and cell adhesion on polymer-brush-grafted poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) films. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2013; 5:4536-4543. [PMID: 23573953 DOI: 10.1021/am400135c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring the surface of biometallic implants with protein-resistant polymer brushes represents an efficient approach to improve the biocompability and mechanical compliance with soft human tissues. A general approach utilizing electropolymerization to form initiating group (-Br) containing poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophen)s (poly(EDOT)s) is described. After the conducting polymer is deposited, neutral poly((oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate), poly(OEGMA), and zwitterionic poly([2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide), poly(SBMA), brushes are grafted by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) experiments confirm protein resistance of poly(OEGMA) and poly(SBMA)-grafted poly(EDOT)s. The protein binding properties of the surface are modulated by the density of polymer brushes, which is controlled by the feed content of initiator-containing monomer (EDOT-Br) in the monomer mixture solution for electropolymerization. Furthermore, these polymer-grafted poly(EDOT)s also prevent cells to adhere on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Zhao
- Yu Initiative Research Unit, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
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39
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Hou S, Zhao H, Zhao L, Shen Q, Wei KS, Suh DY, Nakao A, Garcia MA, Song M, Lee T, Xiong B, Luo SC, Tseng HR, Yu HH. Capture and stimulated release of circulating tumor cells on polymer-grafted silicon nanostructures. Adv Mater 2013; 25:1547-51. [PMID: 23255101 PMCID: PMC3786692 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201203185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A platform for capture and release of circulating tumor cells is demonstrated by utilizing polymer grafted silicon nanowires. In this platform, integration of ligand-receptor recognition, nanostructure amplification, and thermal responsive polymers enables a highly efficient and selective capture of cancer cells. Subsequently, these captured cells are released upon a physical stimulation with outstanding cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Libo Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), Institute for Molecular Medicine (IMED), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770 (USA)
| | - Qinglin Shen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), Institute for Molecular Medicine (IMED), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770 (USA)
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan (China)
| | - Kevin S. Wei
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), Institute for Molecular Medicine (IMED), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770 (USA)
| | - Daniel Y. Suh
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), Institute for Molecular Medicine (IMED), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770 (USA)
| | - Aiko Nakao
- RNC Industrial Cooperation Team, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 (JAPAN)
| | - Mitch A. Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), Institute for Molecular Medicine (IMED), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770 (USA)
| | - Min Song
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), Institute for Molecular Medicine (IMED), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770 (USA)
| | - Tom Lee
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), Institute for Molecular Medicine (IMED), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770 (USA)
| | - Bin Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan (China)
| | - Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Yu Initiative Research Unit, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 (JAPAN), Fax: (+81) (0)48-462-1659, Web: http://www.riken.jp/lab/yuiru/,
| | - Hsian-Rong Tseng
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), Institute for Molecular Medicine (IMED), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770 (USA), Fax: (+1) 310-206-8975, Web: http://labs.pharmacology.ucla.edu/tsenglab/,
| | - Hsiao-hua Yu
- Yu Initiative Research Unit, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 (JAPAN), Fax: (+81) (0)48-462-1659, Web: http://www.riken.jp/lab/yuiru/,
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Zhao H, Liu CY, Luo SC, Zhu B, Wang TH, Hsu HF, Yu HH. Correction for Facile Syntheses of Dioxythiophene-Based Conjugated Polymers by Direct C–H Arylation. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma302145v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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Zhao H, Liu CY, Luo SC, Zhu B, Wang TH, Hsu HF, Yu HH. Facile Syntheses of Dioxythiophene-Based Conjugated Polymers by Direct C–H Arylation. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma300719n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Zhao
- Yu Initiative Research Unit, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako,
Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ching-Yuan Liu
- Yu Initiative Research Unit, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako,
Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Yu Initiative Research Unit, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako,
Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Bo Zhu
- Yu Initiative Research Unit, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako,
Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tsai-Hui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, Tamsui, Taiwan 25137
| | - Hsiu-Fu Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, Tamsui, Taiwan 25137
| | - Hsiao-hua Yu
- Yu Initiative Research Unit, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako,
Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Lacher S, Obata N, Luo SC, Matsuo Y, Zhu B, Yu HH, Nakamura E. Electropolymerized conjugated polyelectrolytes with tunable work function and hydrophobicity as an anode buffer in organic optoelectronics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2012; 4:3396-3404. [PMID: 22738167 DOI: 10.1021/am300366d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A new class of conductive polyelectrolyte films with tunable work function and hydrophobicity has been developed for the anode buffer layer in organic electronic devices. The work function of these films featuring a copolymer of ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), and its functionalized analogues were found to be easily tunable over a range of almost 1 eV and reach values as high as those of PEDOT:PSS. The new buffer material does not need the addition of any insulating or acidic material that might limit the film conductivity or device lifetime. Organic photovoltaic devices built with these films showed improved open-circuit voltage over those of the known PSS-free conductive EDOT-based polymers with values as high as that obtained for PEDOT:PSS. Furthermore, the surface hydrophobicity of these new copolymer films was found to be sensitive to the chemical groups attached to the polymer backbone, offering an attractive method for surface energy tuning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Lacher
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo , Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Luo SC, Sekine J, Zhu B, Zhao H, Nakao A, Yu HH. Polydioxythiophene nanodots, nonowires, nano-networks, and tubular structures: the effect of functional groups and temperature in template-free electropolymerization. ACS Nano 2012; 6:3018-3026. [PMID: 22424318 DOI: 10.1021/nn300737e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Various nanostructures, including nanofibers, nanodots, nanonetwork, and nano- to microsize tubes of functionalized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (EDOT) and poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) (ProDOT) are created by using a template-free electropolymerization method on indium-tin-oxide substrates. By investigating conducting polymer nanostructures containing various functional groups prepared at different polymerization temperature, we conclude a synergistic effect of functional groups and temperature on the formation of polymer nanostructures when a template-free electropolymerization method is applied. For unfunctionalized EDOT and ProDOT, or EDOT containing alkyl functional groups, nanofibers and nanoporous structures are usually found. Interesting, when polar functional groups are attached, conducting polymers tend to form nanodots at room temperature while grow tubular structures at low temperature. The relationship between surface properties and their nanostructures is evaluated by contact angle measurements. The capacity and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements were conducted to understand the electrical properties of using these materials as electrodes. The results provide the relationship between the functional groups, nanostructures, and electrical properties. We also discuss the potential restriction of using this method to create nanostructures. The copolymerization of different functionalized EDOTs may cause irregular and unexpected nanostructures, which indicates the complex interaction between different functionalized monomers during the electropolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Yu Initiative Research Unit, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
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Zhao H, Zhu B, Sekine J, Luo SC, Yu HH. Oligoethylene-glycol-functionalized polyoxythiophenes for cell engineering: syntheses, characterizations, and cell compatibilities. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2012; 4:680-686. [PMID: 22211371 DOI: 10.1021/am2012905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A series of methyl- or benzyl-capped oligoethylene glycol functionalized 2,5-dibromo-3-oxythiophenes are synthesized and successfully polymerized by either Grignard metathesis (GRIM) polymerization or reductive coupling polymerization to yield the corresponding polymers in reasonable yields and molecular weights with narrow molecular weight distribution. These synthesized polyoxythiophenes exhibit high electroactivity and stability in aqueous solution when a potential is applied. Polyoxythiophenes from different polymerization approaches display different colors after purification and spectroelectrochemical studies confirm that the difference of color is from the difference of doping state. Little cytotoxicity is observed for the polymers by in vitro cell compatibility assay. NIH3T3 fibroblast cells are well attached and proliferate on spin-coated films. These results indicate that oligoethylene-glycol-functionalized polyoxythiophenes are promising candidates as conducting biomatierals for biomedical and bioengineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Zhao
- Yu Initiative Research Unit, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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45
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Luo SC, Kantchev EAB, Zhu B, Siang YW, Yu HH. Tunable, dynamic and electrically stimulated lectin–carbohydrate recognition on a glycan-grafted conjugated polymer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:6942-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc31789c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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46
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Sekine J, Luo SC, Wang S, Zhu B, Tseng HR, Yu HH. Functionalized conducting polymer nanodots for enhanced cell capturing: the synergistic effect of capture agents and nanostructures. Adv Mater 2011; 23:4788-92. [PMID: 21954025 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201102151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sekine
- Yu Initiative Research Unit, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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47
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Abstract
A well-defined DNA bioconjugated surface is a key component in the development of efficient biosensor platforms for diseases, ranging from point-of-care detection of pathogens and viruses to personalized diagnostics and medication, as well as for drug discovery, forensics, and food technology. We herein describe a universal and rapid methodology to construct such surfaces based on functionalized conducting polymer thin films. The conducting polymers combine sensing properties with the ability to act as signal transducers for the biorecognition event. We have shown that biosensor designs based on conducting polymers display a number of advantageous features, such as a long-term stability, label-free sensing, fast analysis, and the capability to apply both electrochemical and fluorescent protocols for DNA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadranka Travas-Sejdic
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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48
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Luo SC, Liour SS, Yu HH. Perfluoro-functionalized PEDOT films with controlled morphology as superhydrophobic coatings and biointerfaces with enhanced cell adhesion. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:4731-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c002321c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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49
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Xie H, Luo SC, Yu HH. Electric-field-assisted growth of functionalized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanowires for label-free protein detection. Small 2009; 5:2611-2617. [PMID: 19725044 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200900312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The construction of functionalized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nanowire devices for label-free protein detection is reported. Direct growth/assembly of PEDOT nanowires with carboxylic acid side-chain functional groups (poly(EDOT-COOH)) across the electrode junction is achieved by using an electric-field-assisted method. These functionalized PEDOT nanowire devices show typical depletion-mode p-type field-effect transistor (FET) properties. Upon conjugation with a protein-binding aptamer, the PEDOT nanowire FET devices are used for label-free electronic detection of a target protein of interest. The binding of a positively charged protein causes a substantial decrease in current flow, attributed to the specific interaction between target protein molecules and aptamer-conjugated polymer chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xie
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
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50
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Luo SC, Xie H, Chen N, Yu HH. Trinity DNA detection platform by ultrasmooth and functionalized PEDOT biointerfaces. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2009; 1:1414-1419. [PMID: 20355943 DOI: 10.1021/am900117e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
An oligonucleotide-grafted poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) thin film is developed for three DNA biosensor detection methods, including fluorescence, quartz crystal microbalance, and electrochemical methods. By electrocopolymerization of hydroxyl-functionalized EDOT and carboxylic-functionalized EDOT in microemulsion solutions, ultrasmooth films with a controlled surface density of carboxylic groups are created. The probe oligonucleotides are immobilized on PEDOT thin films by using a N-hydroxysuccinimide and 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride coupling method. By monitoring the DNA hybridization efficiency on thin films with different oligonucleotide densities, the optimized density for DNA hybridization is obtained. The feasibility and limitation of using this platform for electrochemical detection are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
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