1
|
Wu W, Zhang TT, You LL, Wang ZY, Du SQ, Song HY, Wang ZH, Huang YJ, Liao JL. The QTL and Candidate Genes Regulating the Early Tillering Vigor Traits of Late-Season Rice in Double-Cropping Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1497. [PMID: 38338776 PMCID: PMC10855346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Rice effective panicle is a major trait for grain yield and is affected by both the genetic tiller numbers and the early tillering vigor (ETV) traits to survive environmental adversities. The mechanism behind tiller bud formation has been well described, while the genes and the molecular mechanism underlying rice-regulating ETV traits are unclear. In this study, the candidate genes in regulating ETV traits have been sought by quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and bulk-segregation analysis by resequencing method (BSA-seq) conjoint analysis using rice backcross inbred line (BIL) populations, which were cultivated as late-season rice of double-cropping rice systems. By QTL mapping, seven QTLs were detected on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, and 9, with the logarithm of the odds (LOD) values ranging from 3.52 to 7.57 and explained 3.23% to 12.98% of the observed phenotypic variance. By BSA-seq analysis, seven QTLs on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, and 9 were identified using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and insertions/deletions (InDel) index algorithm and Euclidean distance (ED) algorithm. The overlapping QTL resulting from QTL mapping and BSA-seq analysis was shown in a 1.39 Mb interval on chromosome 4. In the overlap interval, six genes, including the functional unknown genes Os04g0455650, Os04g0470901, Os04g0500600, and ethylene-insensitive 3 (Os04g0456900), sialyltransferase family domain containing protein (Os04g0506800), and ATOZI1 (Os04g0497300), showed the differential expression between ETV rice lines and late tillering vigor (LTV) rice lines and have a missense base mutation in the genomic DNA sequences of the parents. We speculate that the six genes are the candidate genes regulating the ETV trait in rice, which provides a research basis for revealing the molecular mechanism behind the ETV traits in rice.
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun XT, Du SQ, Ma HG, Li JM, Wang X. [TFE3 positive and pigment rich perivascular epithelioid cell tumor of stomach: report of a case]. ZHONGHUA BING LI XUE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 51:65-67. [PMID: 34979760 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20210816-00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
|
3
|
Zhu W, Wang XR, Du SQ, Yan CQ, Yang NN, Lin LL, Shi GX, Liu CZ. Anti-oxidative and Anti-apoptotic Effects of Acupuncture: Role of Thioredoxin-1 in the Hippocampus of Vascular Dementia Rats. Neuroscience 2018; 379:281-291. [PMID: 29592844 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that acupuncture treatment has anti-oxidative effects that affect cognitive impairment in vascular dementia (VD) rats. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1)/thioredoxin reductase-1 (TrxR-1) was involved in the beneficial effects of acupuncture. After 2-weeks of acupuncture treatment, Morris water maze (MWM), dihydroethidium (DHE) staining, Nissl staining and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining were used to assess the effects of acupuncture on cognitive function and hippocampal neuronal injury in two-vessel occlusion (2VO) model. The protein and mRNA levels of Trx-1 and TrxR-1, the activity of TrxR-1 as well as the phosphorylation of the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1)-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/p38 pathway were measured by Western blot, real-time PCR analysis, TrxR-1 activity analysis and immunofluorescence (IF) staining respectively. We found that there were oxidative and apoptotic injury in the CA1 area, accompanied with the decreased expressions of Trx-1 and TrxR-1 in the hippocampus. Acupuncture ameliorated cognitive deficits caused by cerebral ischemic injury and inhibited oxidative stress and neuronal apoptotic injury in the hippocampus. Acupuncture also up-regulated the expressions of Trx-1 and TrxR-1, increased the activity of TrxR-1, accompanied with inhibiting the activation of the ASK1-JNK/p38 pathway. However, the effects of acupuncture on improving cognitive function, inhibiting oxidative stress and neuron apoptotic damage were blocked by Trx-1siRNA. In conclusion, these findings indicated that acupuncture treatment improved VD though anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic mechanisms which involved the up-regulations of Trx-1/TrxR-1 and inhibitions of ASK1-JNK/p38 pathway.
Collapse
|
4
|
Du SQ, Wang XR, Zhu W, Ye Y, Yang JW, Ma SM, Ji CS, Liu CZ. Acupuncture inhibits TXNIP-associated oxidative stress and inflammation to attenuate cognitive impairment in vascular dementia rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2017; 24:39-46. [PMID: 29110407 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Oxidative stress and inflammation have been implicated in the pathogenesis of vascular dementia (VD). Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) plays a vital role in oxidative stress and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation. There is evidence that acupuncture has an antioxidative and neuroprotective effect in VD. In this study, we investigated whether acupuncture can attenuate cognitive impairment via inhibiting TXNIP-associated oxidative stress and inflammation in VD rats. METHODS Both common carotid arteries were occluded (2-vessel occlusion [2VO]) in rats to model VD. The neuroprotective effect of acupuncture was assessed by the Morris water maze and Nissl staining. Oxidative stress was assessed by detecting levels of reactive oxygen species, DNA oxidation, and antioxidase. Western blot, real-time PCR, and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of TXNIP, NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β. A TXNIP siRNA intraventricular injection was applied to investigate whether acupuncture mimicked the effect of TXNIP inhibitor. RESULTS Our findings demonstrated that VD rats treated with acupuncture had reduced hippocampal neuronal loss and oxidative stress. The upregulation of TXNIP, NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β induced by 2VO was also reversed by acupuncture. Furthermore, TXNIP siRNA had a similar effect as acupuncture on cognition, hippocampal neurons, and ROS production in VD rats. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our study suggests that the neuroprotective effects of acupuncture in VD are mediated through reducing expression of TXNIP-associated oxidative stress and inflammation.
Collapse
|
5
|
Han Y, Du SQ, Xiao HJ, Zhou Y, Ding J, Ding JJ, Cui YM. Pharmacokinetics of once daily prolonged-release formulation of tacrolimus in children with primary nephrotic syndrome. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2017; 49:807-813. [PMID: 29045960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tacrolimus prolonged-release(PR) formulation is a new once-daily formulation of the calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus, which is currently used in adult liver or kidney transplant patients,and is also gradually widely used in children with nephrotic syndrome.The present study was undertaken to preliminarily investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of tacrolimus PR in pediatric nephrotic syndrome recipients. METHODS This single-center open-label prospective study was performed in pediatric nephrotic syndrome recipients. Pharmacokinetic samples were collected from eight pediatric subjects with nephrotic syndrome from Department of Pediatric Nephrology in Peking University First Hospital between June and August 2011. They followed administration of single oral doses of tacrolimus PR formulation at 0.02 mg/kg (n=2), 0.05 mg/kg (n=2) and 0.10 mg/kg (n=4). Blood samples were taken before the dose and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 h after drug intake. No other medicines or interacting food or drinks were taken during the study period. Blood concentrations were measured using an enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using WinNolin Phoenix software Version 6.0(Pharsight, Cary, NC,USA). RESULTS The pharmacokinetic data were best described by a non-compartment model. Pharmacokinetic parameters of tacrolimus PR formulation in the 3 ascending doses groups (0.02 mg/kg,0.05 mg/kg and 0.10 mg/kg) were as follows: the maximum drug concentrations (Cmax/D) were (1.7±1.0) μg/L, (3.1±1.9) μg/L, (8.0±3.5) μg/L, respectively; Areas under the drug concentration-time curve(AUC0-∞/D) were (47.2±47.1) h×μg/L, (84.0±13.1) h×μg/L, (175.6±107.1) h×μg/L, respectively; Oral clearance rates were (0.8±0.9) L/(h×kg), (0.4±0.1) L/(h×kg), (1.9±1.3) L/(h×kg), respectively; Body weight normalized distribution volumes were (7.0±3.4) L/kg, (12.4±8.4) L/kg and (73.6±68.6) L/kg, respectively. Both mean Cmax normalized level for the administered dose(Cmax/D) and mean AUC0-∞ normalized level for the administered dose (AUC0-∞/D) were higher in the 0.05 mg/kg dosage group than in the 0.02 and 0.10 mg/kg dosage group. There were two peaks in the drug concentrations in every dose group;a primary peak appeared at the end of about 2 h followed by a small secondary peak at h 12, which was more noticeable in the 0.10 mg/kg dose group than in the two lower dosages. CONCLUSION The pharmacokinetic characteristics of tacrolimus PR formulation were initially explored in pediatric patients with nephritic syndrome. The data presented form a basis for subsequent larger scale studies on pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus PR formulation in nephritic syndrome children.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kong CZ, Du SQ. [Key issues of nephron spring surgery for renal neoplasms]. ZHONGHUA WAI KE ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF SURGERY] 2016; 54:738-740. [PMID: 27686635 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-5815.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In recent years the incidence of small renal carcinoma is increasing, and nephron sparing surgery(NSS) becomes the mainstream to treat it. NSS is considered based on comprehensive analysis: the imaging examination, systemic evaluation of the patients, and the indications of NSS. There are three common surgical approaches: intraperitoneal approach, retroperitoneal approach and the joint approach. It is recommended to do intraoperative frozen pathology. If the edge is positive, it is better to cut a deeper layer of the tissue around the renal tumor or transform to radical nephrectomy. Attention should also be paid to reduce heat ischemia time, in order to protect renal function and reduce postoperative renal atrophy. In addition, there are some factors, such as the accurate preoperative evaluation of renal function and surgical skill of the doctors, which can reduce the incidence of postoperative complications and improve survival and quality of life.
Collapse
|
7
|
Du SQ, Wang XR, Xiao LY, Tu JF, Zhu W, He T, Liu CZ. Molecular Mechanisms of Vascular Dementia: What Can Be Learned from Animal Models of Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion? Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:3670-3682. [PMID: 27206432 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9915-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VD) is defined as a progressive neurodegenerative disease of cognitive decline, attributable to cerebrovascular factors. Numerous studies have demonstrated that chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is associated with the initiation and progression of VD and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Suitable animal models were established to replicate such pathological condition in experimental research, which contributes largely to comprehending causal relationships between CCH and cognitive impairment. The most widely used experimental model of VD and CCH is permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in rats. In CCH models, changes of learning and memory, cerebral blood flow (CBF), energy metabolism, and neuropathology initiated by ischemia were revealed. However, in order to achieve potential therapeutic targets, particular mechanisms in cognitive and neuropathological changes from CCH to dementia should be investigated. Recent studies have shown that hypoperfusion resulted in a chain of disruption of homeostatic interactions, including oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter system dysfunction, mitochondrial dysfunction, disturbance of lipid metabolism, and alterations of growth factors. Evidence from experimental studies that elucidate the damaging effects of such imbalances suggests their critical roles in the pathogenesis of VD. The present review provides a summary of the achievements in mechanisms made with the CCH models, permits an understanding of the causative role played by CCH in VD, and highlights preventative and therapeutic prospects.
Collapse
|
8
|
Cao Y, Zhang LW, Wang J, Du SQ, Xiao LY, Tu JF, Liu CZ. Mechanisms of Acupuncture Effect on Alzheimer's Disease in Animal- Based Researches. Curr Top Med Chem 2016; 16:574-8. [PMID: 26268326 DOI: 10.2174/1568026615666150813144942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia in the aging population worldwide. The etiology and treatment of Alzheimer's disease are still not very clear. Finding a new treatment is urgent due to the increasing population aging. Acupuncture has been practicing in China for more than 3000 years and reported to be beneficial in treating cognitive impairment of Alzheimer's disease. This paper reviews the recent development on the effect of acupuncture on Alzheimer's disease in animal-based researches. It is suggested that acupuncture improves cognitive function of Alzheimer's disease by regulating glucose metabolism, enhancing neurotransmission as well as reducing oxidative stress, Aβ protein deposition, and neuronal apoptosis. However, it is still difficult to clarify which specific signaling pathway contributes to the acupuncture effect. Better designed studies are recommended to investigate the effects of acupuncture on Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
|
9
|
Li H, Liu Y, Lin LT, Wang XR, Du SQ, Yan CQ, He T, Yang JW, Liu CZ. Acupuncture reversed hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction in vascular dementia rats. Neurochem Int 2015; 92:35-42. [PMID: 26682902 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction due to oxidative stress has been considered to play a major role in the pathogenesis of vascular dementia (VD). Previous studies suggested that acupuncture could improve cerebral hypoperfusion-induced cognitive impairments. However, whether hippocampal mitochondria are associated with this cognitive improvement remains unclear. In this study, an animal model of VD was established via bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (BCCAO) to investigate the alterations of cognitive ability and hippocampal mitochondrial function. BCCAO rats showed impairments in hippocampal mitochondrial function, overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and learning and memory deficits. After two-week acupuncture treatment, BCCAO-induced spatial learning and memory impairments as shown in Morris water maze were ameliorated. Hippocampal mitochondrial respiratory complex enzymes (complex I, II, IV) activities and cytochrome c oxidase IV expression significantly increased, which might contribute to the reduction of hippocampal ROS generation. In addition, acupuncture significantly improve mitochondrial bioenergy parameters such as mitochondrial respiratory control rate and membrane potential not PDH A1 expression. Placebo-acupuncture did not produce similar therapeutic effects. These findings suggested that acupuncture reversed BCCAO-induced hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction, which might contribute to its prevention on cognitive deficits.
Collapse
|
10
|
Shi GX, Wang XR, Yan CQ, He T, Yang JW, Zeng XH, Xu Q, Zhu W, Du SQ, Liu CZ. Acupuncture elicits neuroprotective effect by inhibiting NAPDH oxidase-mediated reactive oxygen species production in cerebral ischaemia. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17981. [PMID: 26656460 PMCID: PMC4674709 DOI: 10.1038/srep17981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we aimed to investigate whether NADPH oxidase, a major ROS-producing enzyme, was involved in the antioxidant effect of acupuncture on cognitive impairment after cerebral ischaemia. The cognitive function, infract size, neuron cell loss, level of superoxide anion and expression of NADPH oxidase subunit in hippocampus of two-vessel occlusion (2VO) rats were determined after 2-week acupuncture. Furthermore, the cognitive function and production of O2(-) were determined in the presence and absence of NADPH oxidase agonist (TBCA) and antagonist (Apocynin). The effect of acupuncture on cognitive function after cerebral ischaemia in gp91phox-KO mice was evaluated by Morris water maze. Acupuncture reduced infarct size, attenuated overproduction of O2(-), and reversed consequential cognitive impairment and neuron cell loss in 2VO rats. The elevations of gp91phox and p47phox after 2VO were significantly decreased after acupuncture treatment. However, no differences of gp91phox mRNA were found among any experimental groups. Furthermore, these beneficial effects were reversed by TBCA, whereas apocynin mimicked the effect of acupuncture by improving cognitive function and decreasing O2(-) generation. Acupuncture failed to improve the memory impairment in gp91phox KO mice. Full function of the NADPH oxidase enzyme plays an important role in neuroprotective effects against cognitive impairment via inhibition of NAPDH oxidase-mediated oxidative stress.
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang XR, Shi GX, Yang JW, Yan CQ, Lin LT, Du SQ, Zhu W, He T, Zeng XH, Xu Q, Liu CZ. Acupuncture ameliorates cognitive impairment and hippocampus neuronal loss in experimental vascular dementia through Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:1077-84. [PMID: 26546103 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.10.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests acupuncture could exert neuroprotection in the vascular dementia via anti-oxidative effects. However, the involvement of Nrf2, a master regulator of antioxidant defense, in acupuncture-induced neuroprotection in vascular dementia remains undetermined. The goal of our study was to investigate the contribution of Nrf2 in acupuncture and its effects on vascular dementia. Morris water maze and Nissl staining were used to assess the effect of acupuncture on cognitive function and hippocampal neurodegeneration in experimental vascular dementia. The distribution of Nrf2 in neurons in hippocampus, the protein expression of Nrf2 in both cytosol and nucleus, and the protein and mRNA levels of its downstream target genes NQO1 and HO-1 were detected by double immunofluorescent staining, Western blotting and realtime PCR analysis respectively. Cognitive function and microglia activation were measured in both wild-type and Nrf2 gene knockout mice after acupuncture treatment. We found that acupuncture could remarkably reverse the cognitive deficits, neuron cell loss, reactive oxygen species production, and decreased cerebral blood flow. It was notable that acupuncture enhanced nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in neurons and up-regulate the protein and mRNA levels of Nrf2 and its target genes HO-1 and NQO1. Moreover, acupuncture could significantly down-regulated the over-activation of microglia after common carotid artery occlusion surgery. However, the reversed cognitive deficits, neuron cell loss and microglia activation by acupuncture were abolished in Nrf2 gene knockout mice. In conclusion, these findings provide evidence that the neuroprotection of acupuncture in models of vascular dementia was via the Nrf2 activation and Nrf2-dependent microglia activation.
Collapse
|
12
|
Li F, Yan CQ, Lin LT, Li H, Zeng XH, Liu Y, Du SQ, Zhu W, Liu CZ. Acupuncture attenuates cognitive deficits and increases pyramidal neuron number in hippocampal CA1 area of vascular dementia rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:133. [PMID: 25928206 PMCID: PMC4426171 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0656-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreased cognition is recognized as one of the most severe and consistent behavioral impairments in dementia. Experimental studies have reported that acupuncture may improve cognitive deficits, relieve vascular dementia (VD) symptoms, and increase cerebral perfusion and electrical activity. METHODS Multi-infarction dementia was modeled in rats with 3% microemboli saline suspension. Two weeks after acupuncture at Zusanli (ST36), all rats were subjected to a hidden platform trial to test their 3-day spatial memory using the Morris water maze test. To estimate the numbers of pyramidal neuron, astrocytes, and synaptic boutons in hippocampal CA1 area, we adopted an unbiased stereology method to accurately sample and measure the size of cells. RESULTS We found that acupuncture at ST36 significantly decreased the escape latency of VD rats. In addition, acupuncture significantly increased the pyramidal neuron number in hippocampal CA1 area (P < 0.05) and tended to decrease the number of astrocytes (P = 0.063). However, there was no significant change in the synaptic bouton number of hippocampal CA1 area in any of the groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that acupuncture may improve cognitive deficits and increase pyramidal neuron number of hippocampal CA1 area in VD rats.
Collapse
|
13
|
He T, Zhu W, Du SQ, Yang JW, Li F, Yang BF, Shi GX, Liu CZ. Neural mechanisms of acupuncture as revealed by fMRI studies. Auton Neurosci 2015; 190:1-9. [PMID: 25900479 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
As an ancient therapeutic method, acupuncture has been used to treat many diseases as an adjunctive therapy. However, its clinical efficacy remains controversial and the neural mechanisms have not been well understood. Accumulating studies have revealed that fMRI has made it possible to study brain responses to acupuncture. This review aims to provide scientific evidence to support the notion and discuss how these findings contribute to the neural mechanisms of acupuncture.
Collapse
|
14
|
Xu Q, Yang JW, Cao Y, Zhang LW, Zeng XH, Li F, Du SQ, Wang LP, Liu CZ. Acupuncture improves locomotor function by enhancing GABA receptor expression in transient focal cerebral ischemia rats. Neurosci Lett 2014; 588:88-94. [PMID: 25556683 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the major cause of long-term disability among adults. Recent studies have found that GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission plays a vital role in ameliorate locomotor damage after ischemic injury. Acupuncture has been widely used to improve locomotor function. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The present study is designed to investigate whether GABA and GABA receptors are involved in the mechanism underlying acupuncture treatment in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). One week after acupuncture at JiaJi acupoint, the locomotor function and infarct volumes were tested. Then level of GABA and the expressions of GABAAγ2 and GABABR2 were assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Compared with normal group, GABAAγ2 and GABABR2 expressions were decreased in striatum and spinal cord of the MCAO group. After acupuncture, the expressions of the two receptors were increased, but levels of GABA and trafficking protein, kinesin binding 1 (TRAK1), which plays a role in the intracellular transport of GABA receptors, were unchanged. The present study suggests that acupuncture could reverse locomotor function by modulating the expressions of GABA receptors in MCAO rats.
Collapse
|
15
|
Du SQ, Rinchuse DJ, Zullo TG, Rinchuse DJ. Reliability of three methods of occlusion classification. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1998; 113:463-70. [PMID: 9563363 DOI: 10.1016/s0889-5406(98)80019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Four orthodontic faculty at one dental school classified 25 dental casts according to the classification systems of Angle, Katz, and the British Incisor Classification. The dental casts were selected from a pool of 350 pretreatment graduate orthodontic cases and were those deemed the most atypical. The results demonstrated that Katz's classification was more reliable than both Angle and the British. Angle's classification was the least reliable of the three methods.
Collapse
|