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Skuladottir SS, Hjaltadottir I, Launer L, Cotch MF, Siggeirsdottir K, Gudnason V, Sigurdsson G, Steingrimsdottir L, Halldorsson T, Ramel A. Milk intake and hip fracture incidence in community-dwelling old Icelandic adults. Osteoporos Int 2023; 34:1951-1959. [PMID: 37558894 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-023-06883-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Milk and milk products have been known as important for bone health. Can ingestion of milk and milk products lower hip fracture risk for older adults? In this study, older Icelandic adults who were ingesting higher milk had a lower risk of hip fractures. INTRODUCTION This study describes associations between milk intake and hip fracture risk in older Icelanders. The data indicate that no/low milk consumption is related to greater hip fracture risk. Hip fracture can have a severe effect on the life of older adults. Health authorities recommend milk intake for better bone health. However, previous studies addressing this association have been divergent. METHODS This prospective study included 4614 subjects (mean age 76 years) recruited between 2002 and 2006 into the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik (AGES-Reykjavik) study. Information on hip fractures occurring between recruitment and end of follow-up in 2012 was extracted from hospital records. RESULTS A total of 14% of participants reported milk intake < 0.5 times/day (the lowest category) and 22% of the participants consumed at least milk two times/day (highest category). Milk consumption was positively related to the volumetric bone mineral density at baseline with a sex- and age-adjusted difference of 8.95 ± 2.5 mg/cm3 between the highest compared to lowest milk intake categories (P < 0.001). During the follow-up, 7.4% of participants had a hip fracture, and we observed a decreased risk of incident hip fractures in the highest compared to the lowest milk intake category with a hazard ratio of 0.69 (95% CI: 0.47-0.99) in adjusted model. Further analysis indicated a linear relationship between milk intake and fracture risk (P-value for linear trend < 0.001). CONCLUSION Milk intake is associated with a lower risk of incident hip fracture in a linear way in Icelandic community-dwelling older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrun S Skuladottir
- The Icelandic Gerontological Research Institute, Reykjavik, Iceland.
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Iceland, Eiríksgata, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | | | - Lenore Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute On Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary-Frances Cotch
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alfons Ramel
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Skuladottir SS, Ramel A, Eymundsdottir H, Hjaltadottir I, Launer LJ, Cotch MF, Siggeirsdottir K, Gudnason V, Sigurdsson G, Steingrimsdottir L, Halldorsson TI. Serum 25-Hydroxy-Vitamin D Status and Incident Hip Fractures in Elderly Adults: Looking Beyond Bone Mineral Density. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:2351-2360. [PMID: 34585782 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Observational studies have consistently reported a higher risk of fractures among those with low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). Emerging evidence suggests that low serum 25(OH)D levels may increase the rate of falls through impaired physical function. Examine to what extent baseline measures of volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), absolute bone mineral content (BMC), and markers of physical function may explain incident hip fractures in older adults with different serum levels of 25(OH)D. A prospective study of 4309 subjects (≥66 years) recruited between 2002 and 2006 into the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik (AGES-Reykjavik) study. Hip fractures occurring until the end of 2012 were extracted from hospital records. Prevalence of serum 25(OH)D deficiency (<30 nmol/L), inadequacy (30-<50 nmol/L), and sufficiency (≥50 nmol/L) was 6%, 23%, and 71% for males; and 11%, 28%, and 53% for females, respectively. Female participants had ~30% lower absolute BMC compared to males. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were positively associated with vBMD and BMC of the femoral neck and markers of physical function, including leg strength and balance. Those who had deficient compared to sufficient status at baseline had a higher age-adjusted risk of incidence hipfractures with hazard ratios (HRs) of 3.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9-5.2) and 1.8 (95% CI, 1.3-2.5) among males and females, respectively. When adjusting for vBMD and measures of physical function, the association was attenuated and became nonsignificant for males (1.3; 95% CI, 0.6-2.5) but remained significant for females (1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.4). Deficient compared to sufficient serum 25(OH)D status was associated with a higher risk of incident hip fractures. This association was explained by poorer vBMD and physical function for males but to a lesser extent for females. Lower absolute BMC among females due to smaller bone volume may account for these sex-specific differences. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrun S Skuladottir
- The Icelandic Gerontological Research Institute, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Nursing, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Alfons Ramel
- The Icelandic Gerontological Research Institute, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Ingibjorg Hjaltadottir
- School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Nursing, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary-Frances Cotch
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association Research Institute, Kopavogur, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Eymundsdottir H, Ramel A, Geirsdottir OG, Skuladottir SS, Gudmundsson LS, Jonsson PV, Gudnason V, Launer L, Jonsdottir MK, Chang M. Body weight changes and longitudinal associations with cognitive decline among community-dwelling older adults. Alzheimers Dement (Amst) 2021; 13:e12163. [PMID: 33665348 PMCID: PMC7896555 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aim to investigate the longitudinal associations between changes in body weight (BW) and declines in cognitive function and risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/dementia among cognitively normal individuals 65 years or older. METHODS Data from the Age Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study (AGES-Reykjavik Study) including 2620 participants, were examined using multiple logistic regression models. Cognitive function included speed of processing (SP), executive function (EF), and memory function (MF). Changes in BW were classified as; weight loss (WL), weight gain (WG), and stable weight (SW). RESULTS Mean follow-up time was 5.2 years and 61.3% were stable weight. Participants who experienced WL (13.4%) were significantly more likely to have declines in MF and SP compared to the SW group. Weight changes were not associated with EF. WL was associated with a higher risk of MCI, while WG (25.3%) was associated with a higher dementia risk, when compared to SW. DISCUSSION Significant BW changes in older adulthood may indicate impending changes in cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrafnhildur Eymundsdottir
- Food Science and NutritionUniversity of IcelandReykjavikIceland
- The Icelandic Gerontological Research Centerthe National University Hospital of IcelandReykjavikIceland
| | - Alfons Ramel
- Food Science and NutritionUniversity of IcelandReykjavikIceland
- The Icelandic Gerontological Research Centerthe National University Hospital of IcelandReykjavikIceland
| | - Olof G. Geirsdottir
- Food Science and NutritionUniversity of IcelandReykjavikIceland
- The Icelandic Gerontological Research Centerthe National University Hospital of IcelandReykjavikIceland
| | - Sigrun S. Skuladottir
- Food Science and NutritionUniversity of IcelandReykjavikIceland
- The Icelandic Gerontological Research Centerthe National University Hospital of IcelandReykjavikIceland
| | | | - Palmi V. Jonsson
- The Icelandic Gerontological Research Centerthe National University Hospital of IcelandReykjavikIceland
- MedicineUniversity of IcelandReykjavikIceland
- Department of Geriatricsthe National University Hospital of IcelandReykjavikIceland
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- MedicineUniversity of IcelandReykjavikIceland
- Icelandic Heart AssociationKopavogurIceland
| | - Lenore Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population SciencesNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Maria K. Jonsdottir
- Department of PsychologyReykjavik UniversityReykjavikIceland
- Mental Health ServicesLandspitali–The National University Hospital of IcelandIceland
| | - Milan Chang
- The Icelandic Gerontological Research Centerthe National University Hospital of IcelandReykjavikIceland
- Health PromotionSport, and Leisure StudiesSchool of EducationUniversity of IcelandReykjavikIceland
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Skuladottir SS, Ramel A, Hjaltadottir I, Launer LJ, Cotch MF, Siggeirsdottir K, Gudnason V, Sigurdsson G, Steingrimsdottir L, Halldorsson T. Characteristics of incidence hip fracture cases in older adults participating in the longitudinal AGES-Reykjavik study. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:243-250. [PMID: 32808140 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05567-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Poor physical function and body composition my partly predict the risk of falls leading to fracture regardless of bone mineral density. INTRODUCTION To examine the relationship between body composition, physical function, and other markers of health with hip fractures in older community-dwelling Icelandic adults. METHODS A prospective cohort of 4782 older adults from the AGES-Reykjavik study. Baseline recruitment took place between 2002 and 2006, and information on hip fractures occurring through 2012 was extracted from clinical records. Using multivariate regression analyses, baseline measures of bone health, physical function, and body composition were compared between those who later experienced hip fractures and to those who did not. Associations with the risk of fractures were quantified using Cox regression. RESULTS Mean age was 76.3 years at baseline. After adjustment for age, regression showed that male hip fracture cases compared with non-cases had (mean (95% confidence interval)) significantly lower thigh muscle cross-sectional area - 5.6 cm2 (- 10.2, - 1.1), poorer leg strength - 28 N (- 49, - 7), and decreased physical function as measured by longer timed up and go test 1.1 s (0.5, 1.7). After adjustment for age, female cases had, compared with non-cases, lower body mass index - 1.5 kg/m2 (- 2.1, - 0.9), less lean mass - 1.6 kg (- 2.5, - 0.8), thigh muscle cross-sectional area - 4.4 cm2 (- 6.5, - 2.3), and worse leg strength - 16 N (- 25, - 6). These differences largely persisted after further adjustment for bone mineral density (BMD), suggesting that body composition may contribute to the risk of fracture independent of bone health. When examining the association between these same factors and hip fractures using Cox regression, the same conclusions were reached. CONCLUSIONS After accounting for age and BMD, older adults who later experienced a hip fracture had poorer baseline measures of physical function and/or body composition, which may at least partly contribute to the risk of falls leading to fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Skuladottir
- The Icelandic Gerontological Research Institute, Tungata 5, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
- Landspitali National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - A Ramel
- The Icelandic Gerontological Research Institute, Tungata 5, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - I Hjaltadottir
- Landspitali National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - L J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - M F Cotch
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, Intramural Research Program, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - K Siggeirsdottir
- Icelandic Heart Association Research Institute, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - V Gudnason
- Landspitali National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Icelandic Heart Association Research Institute, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - G Sigurdsson
- Landspitali National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Icelandic Heart Association Research Institute, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - L Steingrimsdottir
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - T Halldorsson
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Skuladottir SS, Ramel A, Hjaltadottir I, Launer LJ, Cotch MF, Siggeirsdottir K, Gudnason V, Sigurdsson G, Steingrimsdottir L, Halldorsson T. Correction to: Characteristics of incidence hip fracture cases in older adults participating in the longitudinal AGES-Reykjavik study. Osteoporos Int 2020; 31:2501. [PMID: 33089355 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05678-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The original version of this article, published on 18 august 2020 contained a mistake. An author's name was misspelled.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Skuladottir
- The Icelandic Gerontological Research Institute, Tungata 5, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
- Landspitali National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - A Ramel
- The Icelandic Gerontological Research Institute, Tungata 5, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - I Hjaltadottir
- Landspitali National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - L J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - M F Cotch
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, Intramural Research Program, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - K Siggeirsdottir
- Icelandic Heart Association Research Institute, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - V Gudnason
- Landspitali National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Icelandic Heart Association Research Institute, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - G Sigurdsson
- Landspitali National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Icelandic Heart Association Research Institute, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - L Steingrimsdottir
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - T Halldorsson
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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