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Grassilli E, Pisano F, Cialdella A, Bonomo S, Missaglia C, Cerrito MG, Masiero L, Ianzano L, Giordano F, Cicirelli V, Narloch R, D'Amato F, Noli B, Ferri GL, Leone BE, Stanta G, Bonin S, Helin K, Giovannoni R, Lavitrano M. A novel oncogenic BTK isoform is overexpressed in colon cancers and required for RAS-mediated transformation. Oncogene 2016; 35:4368-78. [PMID: 26804170 PMCID: PMC4994017 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is essential for B-cell proliferation/differentiation and it is generally believed that its expression and function are limited to bone marrow-derived cells. Here, we report the identification and characterization of p65BTK, a novel isoform abundantly expressed in colon carcinoma cell lines and tumour tissue samples. p65BTK protein is expressed, through heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK)-dependent and internal ribosome entry site-driven translation, from a transcript containing an alternative first exon in the 5'-untranslated region, and is post-transcriptionally regulated, via hnRNPK, by the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. p65BTK is endowed with strong transforming activity that depends on active signal-regulated protein kinases-1/2 (ERK1/2) and its inhibition abolishes RAS transforming activity. Accordingly, p65BTK overexpression in colon cancer tissues correlates with ERK1/2 activation. Moreover, p65BTK inhibition affects growth and survival of colon cancer cells. Our data reveal that BTK, via p65BTK expression, is a novel and powerful oncogene acting downstream of the RAS/MAPK pathway and suggest that its targeting may be a promising therapeutic approach.
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Bonomo S, Hansen CH, Petrunak EM, Scott EE, Styrishave B, Jørgensen FS, Olsen L. Promising Tools in Prostate Cancer Research: Selective Non-Steroidal Cytochrome P450 17A1 Inhibitors. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29468. [PMID: 27406023 PMCID: PMC4942611 DOI: 10.1038/srep29468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 17A1 (CYP17A1) is an important target in the treatment of prostate cancer because it produces androgens required for tumour growth. The FDA has approved only one CYP17A1 inhibitor, abiraterone, which contains a steroidal scaffold similar to the endogenous CYP17A1 substrates. Abiraterone is structurally similar to the substrates of other cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in steroidogenesis, and interference can pose a liability in terms of side effects. Using non-steroidal scaffolds is expected to enable the design of compounds that interact more selectively with CYP17A1. Therefore, we combined a structure-based virtual screening approach with density functional theory (DFT) calculations to suggest non-steroidal compounds selective for CYP17A1. In vitro assays demonstrated that two such compounds selectively inhibited CYP17A1 17α-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase activities with IC50 values in the nanomolar range, without affinity for the major drug-metabolizing CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 enzymes and CYP21A2, with the latter result confirmed in human H295R cells.
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Marcus JR, Tyrone JW, Bonomo S, Xia Y, Mustoe TA. Cellular mechanisms for diminished scarring with aging. Plast Reconstr Surg 2000; 105:1591-9. [PMID: 10809086 DOI: 10.1097/00006534-200004050-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The study of an age-dependent spectrum of scar formation is driven by the desire to understand and recapitulate scarless healing. Although focus in the past has been directed toward scarring in the fetus, less exuberant scarring is a common clinical observation in the elderly. Cell turnover is a major contributor to the development of scar tissue and is governed by the proliferative and apoptotic cellular fractions within a healing wound. We hypothesize that the balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis during late stages of excisional wound healing is, at least in part, responsible for age-related variations in scarring potential. Full-thickness 7-mm ulcers (four per ear), exposing bare cartilage, were made on the inner surface of the ear on 12 young and 12 aged New Zealand White rabbits. Analyses were performed at days 15, 21, and 28 postwounding. A previously described Scar Elevation Index was derived from histomorphometric analysis, along with the quantification of epithelial ingrowth and total cellularity. Apoptotic cellular fractions were derived from TdT-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling assay-stained histologic sections; proliferative fractions were derived from proliferating cell nuclear antigen-labeled serial sections. Young rabbits demonstrated significantly greater scar elevation/area. Apoptosis was strongly associated with progress of epithelialization in both groups. Significantly higher proliferative indices were seen in the young and were sustained through day 28, by which time levels had substantially declined in the aged. No differences in apoptotic indices were demonstrated between groups at any time point. The clinical observation of less exuberant scarring with aging is supported by this animal model. Apoptosis follows the progression of epithelialization but does not appear to independently influence scar morphology. A diminished proliferative response during later stages of healing is an important contributing mechanism for the decrease in scar formation seen in the elderly.
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Rosa G, Lolli P, Piccinelli D, Mazzola F, Bonomo S. Fistula in ano: anatomoclinical aspects, surgical therapy and results in 844 patients. Tech Coloproctol 2006; 10:215-21. [PMID: 16969614 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-006-0282-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2005] [Accepted: 11/10/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several new therapies, including advancement flaps and fibrin glue, have been proposed for fistula in ano, with conflicting results. Most colorectal surgeons continue to use classic methods, e.g. fistulotomy, fistulectomy, a combined method, loose or cutting seton, and rubber loop. The aim of the present study is to report the outcome of our patients, operated on by such methods. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 844 patients treated for anal fistula over a 30-year period, and assessed fistula morphology, surgical procedure and healing period. For patients treated 2 or more years prior to this study, we evaluated rates of persistent fistula and relapse, as well as prevalence of incontinence and patient satisfaction. RESULTS The majority of patients had trans-sphincteric fistulae (58.3%). We observed 274 secondary extensions (32.5%); these were common in all fistula types except for intrasphincteric fistulae. Most patients were treated by fistulotomy alone (594 patients, 70.4%) or by the combined fistulectomy-fistulotomy method (237 patients, 28.1%), with or without loose seton. All patients with trans-, supra- and extrasphincteric fistulae were re-examined in the operations theatre. Follow-up data were available for 652 (87%) of 751 patients at least two years after surgery. The anal fistula persisted in 3.2% and recurred in 2.1% of cases. A second procedure lowered the initial rate of unsuccessful operations from 5.3% to 2.5%. Continence disorders were reported in 6.9% of patients: 4.0% complained of incontinence to gas, 2.6% to liquid and 0.3% to solid feces. CONCLUSIONS Fistulotomy and fistulectomy with loose seton supported by preoperative anal manometry and postoperative evaluation under anaesthesia are followed by good clinical and functional results.
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Bonomo S, Jørgensen FS, Olsen L. Dissecting the Cytochrome P450 1A2- and 3A4-Mediated Metabolism of Aflatoxin B1 in Ligand and Protein Contributions. Chemistry 2017; 23:2884-2893. [PMID: 28078726 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a chemically intriguing compound because it has several potential sites of metabolism (SOMs), although only some of them are observed experimentally. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 and 1A2 are the major isoforms involved in its metabolism. Here, we systematically investigate reactivity and accessibility of all possible SOMs in these two CYPs to elucidate AFB1 metabolism. DFT calculations were used to determine activation energies for each possible reaction. Aliphatic hydroxylation on position 9A and 3α are energetically favored, whereas position 9 is the preferred site for epoxidation. Docking studies, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and free energy (MM/GBSA) calculations were applied to elucidate the accessibility of each SOM. The most stable binding modes in CYP3A4 favor the formation of the 3α-hydroxylated and 8,9-exo-epoxide metabolites. Conversion of the methoxy group is also sterically possible, but not observed experimentally due to its low reactivity. In the CYP1A2 active site, AFB1 cannot orient position 3 towards the catalytic center, whereas the 8,9-exo-epoxide and 9A-hydroxylated metabolites are formed from the most stable and the 8,9-endo-epoxide from a less stable binding mode, respectively. The results agree with experimental data and suggest that both reactivity and the shape of the enzyme active site need to be considered to understand the distribution of SOMs and to improve current SOM prediction methods.
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Rosa G, Lolli P, Piccinelli D, Mazzola F, Zugni C, Ballarin A, Bonomo S. Calibrated lateral internal sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure. Tech Coloproctol 2005; 9:127-31; discussion 131-2. [PMID: 16007362 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-005-0210-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2005] [Accepted: 03/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Lateral internal sphincterotomy is an effective procedure for the treatment of anal fissure, but may affected anal continence. We describe a procedure aimed at tailoring the division of the sphincter according to the degree of the hypertonia and to the sphincter length in order to offer an effective and safe treatment for chronic anal fissure. METHODS The internal sphincter was divided on the basis of anal manometry results. The average of maximum values of resting pressure determined by the stationary motility protocol was considered the reference parameter to measure hypertonia. Mild hypertone was considered to be 50-60 mmHg, moderate hypertone 60-80 mmHg, and severe hypertone >80 mmHg. In case of mild hypertone, 20% of the internal sphincter was divided; in case of moderate hypertone; 40% and 60% for severe hypertone. Calibrated lateral internal sphincterotomy is the division of the internal sphincter based on these parameters. Over 5 years, 388 patients underwent this procedure (197 men, 191 women) with a median age of 43 years (range, 18-80). RESULTS Postoperative complications consisted of abscess in 4 patients (1.0%), hemorrhage in 2 patients (0.5%), and pain in 6 patients (1.5%). Follow-up data are available for 261 patients (67.3%). Two months after surgery, 9 patients (3.4%) complained of persistent or recurring pain with or without fissure and 1 (0.4%) complained of gas incontinence. At postoperative manometry, 12 patients (4.6%) revealed persistence of anal resting pressure over 40 mmHg, 9 patients (3.4%) were still symptomatic and 97.6% were cured at a median follow-up of 8 months. An anal resting pressure lower than 30 mmHg was found in 10 patients (3.8%), only one of whom was incontinent. CONCLUSIONS Calibrated sphincterotomy may represent an effective and safe procedure for the treatment of chronic anal fissure.
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Bonomo S, Jørgensen FS, Olsen L. Mechanism of Cytochrome P450 17A1-Catalyzed Hydroxylase and Lyase Reactions. J Chem Inf Model 2017; 57:1123-1133. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.6b00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sørensen AM, Hansen CH, Bonomo S, Olsen L, Jørgensen FS, Weisser JJ, Kretschmann AC, Styrishave B. Enantioselective endocrine disrupting effects of omeprazole studied in the H295R cell assay and by molecular modeling. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 34:71-80. [PMID: 27002602 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Enantiomers possess different pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and this may not only influence the therapeutic effect of a drug but also its toxicological effects. In the present work we investigated the potential enantioselective endocrine disrupting effects of omeprazole (OME) and its two enantiomers on the human steroidogenesis using the H295R cell line. Differences in production of 16 steroid hormones were analyzed using LC-MS/MS. Additionally, to evaluate the differences in binding modes of these enantiomers, docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of S-omeprazole (S-OME) and R-omeprazole (R-OME) in CYP17A1, CYP19A1 and CYP21A2 were carried out. Exposing H295R cells to OME and its enantiomers resulted in an increase of progesterone (PRO) and 17α-hydroxy-progesterone (OH-PRO) levels. At the same time, a decrease in the corticosteroid and androgen synthesis was observed, indicating inhibition of CYP21A2 and CYP17A1. In both cases, the effect of R-OME was smaller compared to that of the S-OME and a certain degree of enantioselectivity of CYP17A1 and CYP21A2 was suggested. Docking indicated that the N-containing rings of OME possibly could interact with the iron atom of the heme for S-OME in CYP17A1 and S- and R-OME in CYP21A2. However, density functional theory calculations suggest that the direct N-Fe interaction is weak. The study demonstrates enantioselective differences in the endocrine disrupting potential of chiral drugs such as omeprazole. These findings may have potential implications for drug safety and drug design.
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Rosa G, Lolli P, Piccinelli D, Vicenzi L, Ballarin A, Bonomo S, Mazzola F. Submucosal reconstructive hemorrhoidectomy (Parks' operation): a 20-year experience. Tech Coloproctol 2005; 9:209-14; discussion 214-5. [PMID: 16328127 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-005-0229-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2005] [Accepted: 03/11/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Submucosal reconstructive hemorrhoidectomy has never been a popular operation due to its difficulty and duration, the amount of blood loss, and the risk of incontinence. The main indication for hemorrhoidectomy according to Parks is fourth-degree hemorrhoids with prolapse of the dentate line outside the anus and with simultaneous presence of external hemorrhoids. We report our experience in the treatment of hemorrhoids using submucosal reconstructive hemorrhoidectomy according to Parks. METHODS A total of 640 patients (381 men and 259 women) of median age 42 years (range, 18-81) were treated between 1983 and 2002; 80% of patients had fourth-degree, 19% third-degree and 1% second- degree hemorrhoids. All patients underwent rectosigmoidoscopic examination before surgery; patients over 35 years of age or with a suspected inflammatory or neoplastic disease underwent colonoscopy or barium enema. All patients underwent anorectal manometry before operation, to measure anal resting pressure, maximal squeeze and sphincter length, with the purpose of determining if an internal sphincterotomy was also necessary (in case of high anal resting tone). One-third of the patients also had an internal sphincterotomy to correct anal hypertonia. RESULTS Postoperative bleeding occurred in 19 patients (2.9%), 0.9% requiring a reintervention. Severe pain was reported by 9 patients (1.4%); fecal impaction occurred in 3 cases (0.5%) and suture disruption in 2 patients (0.3%). In 74 patients (11.6%), bladder catheterization was needed due to urinary retention. Of 550 patients who had a minimum follow-up of 3 years and were sent a postal questionnaire, 374 patients responded, with a median 7.3-year follow- up; 176 patients (32%) were lost to follow-up. Eleven patients (2.9% of 374 cases) reported pain during defecation, 6 (1.6%) developed skin tags or recurrence, 3 (0.8%) reported gas incontinence, 2 (0.5%) developed anal fistula and 1 (0.3%) had anal stricture. CONCLUSIONS Submucosal reconstructive hemorrhoidectomy according to Parks still represents a good choice for the treatment of high-degree hemorrhoids with prolapse of the dentate line outside the anus and external circumferential hemorrhoids.
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Rigamonti AE, Cavallera G, Bonomo S, Deghenghi R, Locatelli V, Cella SG, Müller EE. Growth hormone (GH) rebound rise following somatostatin infusion withdrawal: studies in dogs with the use of GH-releasing hormone and a GH-releasing peptide. Eur J Endocrinol 2001; 145:635-44. [PMID: 11720883 DOI: 10.1530/eje.0.1450635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence has been presented that in both animals and humans the rebound secretion of growth hormone (GH) following withdrawal of an infusion of somatostatin (SS) is due to the functional activation of the hypothalamic GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) neurons of the recipient organism. Based on this premise, this study has sought to assess the existence of functional interactions between endogenous GHRH released by a SS infusion withdrawal (SSIW) and growth hormone-releasing peptides (GHRPs), a class of compounds allegedly acting via GHRH. METHODS Five young dogs (3 to 4 years old, 2 male and 3 female) were administered, on different occasions, three consecutive intravenous boli of physiological saline (0.1 ml/kg), or GHRH (2 microg/kg), or EP92632 (125 microg/kg), a GHRP compound, or GHRH plus EP92632 at the end of three cycles of 1-h SS infusions (8 microg/(kg x h)) or during a 6-h infusion of saline. RESULTS Under saline infusion (SALI), plasma GH levels were unaltered, whereas each SSIW cycle was followed by similar GH secretory episodes. Administration of the first GHRH bolus under SALI induced a rise in plasma GH concentrations slightly higher than that induced by the first cycle of SSIW, but the GH response to the second and third GHRH boli was similar to that after SSIW. Following SSIW, the response to the first bolus of GHRH was higher than that during SALI, but the second and third cycles of SSIW induced GH responses similar to those evoked by the GHRH bolus. During SALI, administration of the first bolus of EP92632 induced a rise in plasma GH which was higher than that induced by the first GHRH bolus, the second bolus elicited a GH peak of lesser amplitude and there was a partial restoration of the GH response to the third peptide bolus. SSIW strikingly enhanced the GH release to the first EP92632 bolus, a pattern also present, although to a lesser extent, with the second and third cycles of SSIW. Under SALI, combined administration of GHRH and EP92632 had a synergistic effect on GH release, but a progressive reduction was present in the GH response to the second and third GHRH plus EP92632 boli. SSIW increased only weakly the GH response to the first co-administration of the peptides over that present after administration of EP92632 alone, and did not induce a GH response higher than that present during SALI when the second bolus of the peptides was administered; after the third SSIW a GH rise higher than that present during SALI was elicited by the combined administration of the peptides. CONCLUSIONS (i) the uniformity of the GH rebound responses to multiple cycles of SSIW may indicate that the latter activate a physiological mechanism which mimics that normally controlling GH pulse generation; (ii) EP92632 elicits, under our experimental conditions, a plasma GH rise higher than that induced by GHRH; (iii) SSIW enhances the GH response to EP92639 alone, to an extent reminiscent of that following combined administration of GHRH and EP92632. This pattern reinforces the view that SSIW elicits release of endogenous GHRH, and infers that the GHRP challenge after SSIW may be exploited in humans to distinguish between healthy and GH-deficient adults.
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Ianzano L, Bonomo S, Cialdella A, Pisano F, Cerrito M, Carola M, McLean C, Romano G, Giovannoni R, Agostini M, Nitti D, Voest E, Helin K, Lavitrano M, Grassilli E. p65BTK targeting restores the apoptotic response to chemotherapy of p53-null drug-resistant colon cancer cells. Eur J Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)33016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Munkboel CH, Christensen LR, Islin J, Bonomo S, Olsen L, Jørgensen FS, Styrishave B. The anti-epileptic drug lamotrigine inhibits the CYP17A1 lyase reaction in vitro. Biol Reprod 2019; 99:888-897. [PMID: 29718108 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential endocrine disrupting effects of the commonly prescribed anti-epileptic drug lamotrigine (LAM) were investigated using the H295R steroidogenic in vitro assay and computational chemistry methods. The H295R cells were exposed to different concentrations of LAM, and a multi-steroid LC-MS/MS method was applied to quantify the amount of secreted steroid hormones. LAM affected several steroid hormones in the steroidogenesis at therapeutic concentrations. All progestagens as well as 11-deoxycorticosterone and corticosterone increased 100-200% with increasing concentrations of LAM suggesting a selective inhibitory effect of LAM on CYP17A1, in particular on the lyase reaction. Recombinant CYP17A1 assay confirmed the competitive inhibition of LAM toward the enzyme with IC50 values of 619 and 764 μM for the lyase and the hydroxylase reaction, respectively. Levels of androstenedione and testosterone decreased at LAM concentrations above the therapeutic concentration range. The ability of LAM to bind to CYP17A1, CYP19A1, and CYP21A2 was investigated using docking and molecular dynamics simulations. This in silico study showed that LAM was able to bind directly to the heme iron in the active site of CYP17A1, but not CYP21A2, thus supporting the results of the in vitro studies. The molecular dynamics simulations also suggested binding of LAM to the heme iron in the CYP19A1 active site. No inhibition of the aromatase enzyme was, however, observed in the H295R assay. This could be due to a sequential effect within the steroidogenesis caused by the inhibition of CYP17A1, which reduced the amounts of androgens available for CYP19A1.
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Liu L, Malagu K, Haughan AF, Khetarpal V, Stott AJ, Esmieu W, Vater HD, Webster SJ, Van de Poël AJ, Clissold C, Cosgrove B, Sutton B, Spencer JA, Breccia P, Gancia E, Bonomo S, Ladduwahetty T, Lazari O, Patel H, Atton HC, Clifton S, Mota DM, Magnani D, O'Neill A, Stebbeds M, Macabuag N, Todd D, Herva ME, Mitchell P, Visser M, Compte Sancerni S, Grand Moursel L, da Silva M, Kritikou E, Heikkinen TT, Bolkvadze T, Fodale V, Spadafora D, Daldin M, Bresciani A, Mangette JE, Doherty EM, Lee MR, Herbst T, Monteagudo E, Macdonald D, Plotnikov NV, Chambers M, McAllister G, Muňoz-Sanjuan I, Dominguez C. Identification and Optimization of RNA-Splicing Modulators as Huntingtin Protein-Lowering Agents for the Treatment of Huntington's Disease. J Med Chem 2023; 66:13205-13246. [PMID: 37712656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by an expanded CAG trinucleotide repeat in exon 1 of the huntingtin (HTT) gene. We report the design of a series of HTT pre-mRNA splicing modulators that lower huntingtin (HTT) protein, including the toxic mutant huntingtin (mHTT), by promoting insertion of a pseudoexon containing a premature termination codon at the exon 49-50 junction. The resulting transcript undergoes nonsense-mediated decay, leading to a reduction of HTT mRNA transcripts and protein levels. The starting benzamide core was modified to pyrazine amide and further optimized to give a potent, CNS-penetrant, and orally bioavailable HTT-splicing modulator 27. This compound reduced canonical splicing of the HTT RNA exon 49-50 and demonstrated significant HTT-lowering in both human HD stem cells and mouse BACHD models. Compound 27 is a structurally diverse HTT-splicing modulator that may help understand the mechanism of adverse effects such as peripheral neuropathy associated with branaplam.
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Castellini C, De Nitto F, Bonomo S, Bottura D, Mazzola F, Ballarin A, Rosa G. [Fournier's gangrene in a patient with Hodgkin's disease: a clinical case]. CHIRURGIA ITALIANA 2001; 53:905-8. [PMID: 11824071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The authors report a case of Fournier's gangrene in a 54-year-old patient subjected 6 days earlier to chemotherapy for mediastinal Hodgkin's disease. The patient had fever and reported the onset of worsening pain and heat sensations in the inguinal, perineal and scrotal areas. Objectively, there was local oedema followed by the onset of crepitation. The patient had a very low white blood cell count (900/cu.mm). The Patient underwent emergency surgery with multiple, communicating incisions in the inguinal, perineal and scrotal areas, with the removal of necrotic tissue and daily washing with physiological solution and 12% H2O2. He also received antibiotic treatment with metronidazole and gentamicin and 5 cycles of high-pressure oxygen therapy, with disappearance of pain and fever and good local tissue repair.
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Bonomo S. [Michele Cataldi (1899-1969)]. LA RADIOLOGIA MEDICA 1970; 56:104. [PMID: 4913214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Bonomo S, Marchetti P, Fasola S, Vesentini R, Marcon A, Ferrante G, Antonicelli L, Battaglia S, Bono R, Squillacioti G, Murgia N, Pirina P, Villani S, La Grutta S, Verlato G, Viegi G. Asthma incidence can be influenced by climate change in Italy: findings from the GEIRD study-a climatological and epidemiological assessment. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19047. [PMID: 37923929 PMCID: PMC10624678 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46423-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An association between climatic conditions and asthma incidence has been widely assumed. However, it is unclear whether climatic variations have a fingerprint on asthma dynamics over long time intervals. The aim of this study is to detect a possible correlation of the Summer North Atlantic Oscillation (S-NAO) index and the self-calibrated palmer drought severity index (scPDSI) with asthma incidence over the period from 1957 to 2006 in Italy. To this aim, an analysis of non-stationary and non-linear signals was performed on the time series of the Italian databases on respiratory health (ISAYA and GEIRD) including 36,255 individuals overall, S-NAO, and scPDSI indices to search for characteristic periodicities. The ISAYA (Italian Study on Asthma in Young Adults) and GEIRD (Gene Environment Interactions in Respiratory Diseases) studies collected information on respiratory health in general population samples, born between 1925 and 1989 and aged 20-84 years at the time of the interview, from 13 Italian centres. We found that annual asthma total incidence shared the same periodicity throughout the 1957-2006 time interval. Asthma incidence turned out to be correlated with the dynamics of the scPDSI, modulated by the S-NAO, sharing the same averaged 6 year-periodicity. Since climate patterns appear to influence asthma incidence, future studies aimed at elucidating the complex relationships between climate and asthma incidence are warranted.
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Mazzola F, Castellini C, Tosi D, Vicenzi L, Rizzo S, Betresini B, Lauro E, Moser A, Bonomo S, Bottura D, Colato C, Rosa G. [Endometriosis of umbilical cicatrix: a clinical case]. CHIRURGIA ITALIANA 2001; 53:259-62. [PMID: 11396077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
The Authors report a case of umbilical endometriosis in a 46-year-old patient. The woman came in for observation describing acute pain in the vicinity of the umbilical scar. The pain was occasional at first and then became steady and increased at the time of menstruation. Medical examination revealed a left paraumbilical nodule, measuring 1 cm in diameter. The patient underwent surgical treatment: the nodule was excised and the subsequent histological examination was diagnostic for umbilical endometriosis. The surgical excision was effective: at follow-up 3 months later, there was no recurrence and the patient was in good general condition.
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Case Reports |
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Rizzo S, Bonomo S, Moser A, Bottura D, Castellini C, Mazzola F, Lauro E, Vicenzi L, Betresini B, Angeli G, Brazzarola P, D'Azzò G, Rosa G. [Bilateral pheochromocytoma associated with duodeno-jejunal GIST in patient with von Recklinghausen disease: report of a clinical case]. CHIRURGIA ITALIANA 2001; 53:243-6. [PMID: 11396074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
The authors present the case of a 60-year-old male patient suffering from von Recklinghausen's disease (neurofibromatosis type I, NF1) with bilateral pheochromocytoma and occasional intraoperative reports of duodenojejunal GIST (GastroIntestinal Stromal Tumour). Through a review of the literature the authors analyze the frequency and the features of bilateral pheochromocytoma and its rare histological variant, the so-called composite pheochromocytoma, characterized by the combination of pheochromocytoma and ganglioneuroma or ganglioneuro-blastoma. Bilaterality of pheochromocytoma is more frequent in patients with familiarity for pheochromocytoma without NF1. Composite pheochromocytoma accounts for about 3% of total pheochromocytomas. In addition, the authors summarize the present knowledge about gastrointestinal stromal tumours and investigate the possible association between them and NF1 or pheochromocytoma, concluding that any such association is purely casual, while confirming the well known, genetically determined association between NF1 and pheochromocytoma.
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Case Reports |
24 |
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19
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Grassilli E, Pisano F, Cialdella A, Bonomo S, Missaglia C, Cerrito MG, Masiero L, Ianzano L, Giordano F, Cicirelli V, Narloch R, D'Amato F, Noli B, Ferri GL, Leone BE, Stanta G, Bonin S, Helin K, Giovannoni R, Lavitrano M. Correction: A novel oncogenic BTK isoform is overexpressed in colon cancers and required for RAS-mediated transformation. Oncogene 2024; 43:1726. [PMID: 38637670 PMCID: PMC11136650 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03037-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
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Published Erratum |
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20
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Vicenzi L, Moser A, Mazzola F, Rizzo S, Bonomo S, Bottura D, Castellini C, Ballarin A, Tosi D, Rosa G. [Appendiceal mucocele associated with colonic neoplasm. Report of 2 cases and review of the literature]. CHIRURGIA ITALIANA 2001; 53:420-4. [PMID: 11452831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Appendiceal mucocele is a rare entity frequently associated with colorectal cancer. We report two cases of mucocele associated with colorectal tumours. The first case (male, 64 yrs) is an appendiceal mucinous cystadenoma found incidentally during surgery for colon cancer. There is no evidence of disease after a 4-year follow-up. The second case (male, 66 yrs) is a mucocele associated with mucosal hyperplasia that was found during surgery for acute appendicitis with a periappendicular abscess. Endoscopic follow-up showed a rectal adenocarcinoma that was initially treated with local excision with T.E.M.. Examination of the pathology specimen documented vascular invasion and the patient underwent curative colorectal resection. The preoperative radiological and endoscopic diagnostic procedures and the current therapeutic approaches described in the literature are reviewed. The relevance of the association between appendiceal mucocele and colorectal cancer is emphasized. Thorough investigation of the colorectal tract is recommended after diagnosing an appendiceal mucocele.
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Case Reports |
24 |
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Lucas SCC, Milbradt AG, Blackwell JH, Bonomo S, Brierley A, Cassar DJ, Freeman J, Hadfield TE, Morrill LA, Riemens R, Sarda S, Schiesser S, Wiktelius D, Ahmed S, Bostock MJ, Börjesson U, De Fusco C, Guerot C, Hargreaves D, Hewitt S, Lamb ML, Su N, Whatling R, Wheeler M, Kettle JG. Design of a Lead-Like Cysteine-Targeting Covalent Library and the Identification of Hits to Cys55 of Bfl-1. J Med Chem 2024; 67:11209-11225. [PMID: 38916990 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Covalent hit identification is a viable approach to identify chemical starting points against difficult-to-drug targets. While most researchers screen libraries of <2k electrophilic fragments, focusing on lead-like compounds can be advantageous in terms of finding hits with improved affinity and with a better chance of identifying cryptic pockets. However, due to the increased molecular complexity, larger numbers of compounds (>10k) are desirable to ensure adequate coverage of chemical space. Herein, the approach taken to build a library of 12k covalent lead-like compounds is reported, utilizing legacy compounds, robust library chemistry, and acquisitions. The lead-like covalent library was screened against the antiapoptotic protein Bfl-1, and six promising hits that displaced the BIM peptide from the PPI interface were identified. Intriguingly, X-ray crystallography of lead-like compound 8 showed that it binds to a previously unobserved conformation of the Bfl-1 protein and is an ideal starting point for the optimization of Bfl-1 inhibitors.
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