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Effects of different training intensities in high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on maximal aerobic velocity, hematological and muscle-damage markers in healthy young adults. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:158. [PMID: 35996161 PMCID: PMC9396849 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00550-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effects of two high-intensity interval training programs (HIIT) on maximal aerobic velocity (MAV), hematological variations and muscle damage markers in young healthy adults. Twenty-nine male physical education students, aged 20.3 ± 3.3 years, volunteered to participate in this study, and were randomly assigned to a control group (CG, n = 9) or two intervention groups (group 1 or 2). Intervention group 1 (n = 10) exercised at 100% of their MAV (EG100) while group 2 (n = 10) exercised at 110% MAV (EG110). Before and after the eight week training program, blood samples were drawn at rest, before, and after an intermittent exercise. Aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), C reactive protein (CRP), creatine kinase (CK) concentrations and hematological parameters (white blood cells [WBC], monocytes [MO], lymphocytes [LY], neutrophil [NE]) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured. Post-hoc tests showed that MAV was significantly higher in EG110 compared to EG100 after HIIT (p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.05), whilst ALAT, ASAT, and CPR were significantly lower (p < 0.01; 0.02 < ηp2 < 0.11) in EG110 compared to EG100. Moreover, post-hoc tests indicated that LY decreased significantly (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.21) only for EG110. Furthermore, there were significant positive correlations for both EG100 and EG110 between MAV and ALAT (r = 0.66, p = 0.044 and r = 0.64, p = 0.041 respectively), CK (r = 0.67, p = 0.031 and r = 0.86, p = 0.030, respectively), LDH (r = 0.74, p = 0.014, and r = 0.071, p = 0.021, respectively). In addition, there was a significant positive correlation for both, EG100 and EG110 between MAV and LY (r = 0.79, p < 0.01; r = 0.72, p < 0.05, respectively). Concerning the relationship between MAV and NE, there was a significant positive correlation (r = 0.66; p < 0.05) only for EG110. Findings from this study revealed that HIIT at 110% MAV was more efficient to improve MAV and reduce muscle damage. In addition, we observed significant associations between performance improvements (MAV) and markers of muscle damage.
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AB0189 LIPOPROTEIN ABNORMALITIES IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS. Ann Rheum Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.4152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:The lipid paradox is termed the decreased cholesterol level in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Nevertheless, the apolipoprotein levels are usually higher than a healthy person and are predictors of cardiovascular events.Objectives:We aimed to describe lipid abnormalities in RA patients and to look for predictor factors of these changes.Methods:The prospective study was carried out on patients with RA who met the 2010 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) classification criteria. These patients were followed in the rheumatology department of the Kassab Institute.We collected the socio-demographic data, biological and immunological parameters.The lipid assessment included: a measurement of total cholesterol (TC), HDL, LDL, and triglycerides (TG). Lipoproteins APOA1 and APOB were measured. All data were collected after patient consent.Results:Of the 47 patients recruited, 78.7% were female. The mean age was 52.5 ±11.06 [32-76]. The average RA progressed from 86.25 ±63 months [5-288] and was erosive in 81.6% of cases. The rheumatoid factor (RF) was positive in 57.8% of patients, and citrullinated antipeptide antibodies (ACPA) were present in 62.2%. Eight patients had a previous CV history.Mean TC was 4.42 ±1.3 [1.2-7.58], mean HDL was 1.38 ±0.73 [0.18-4.10], mean LDL was 2.55 ±1.16 [0.24-5.54]. The mean TG value was 1.28 ±0.6 [0.24-5.54]. TC elevation was found in 9.1% of cases, HDL in 21.3% of cases, LDL in 5.5% of cases, and TG in 16.4% of cases. Mean APOB/APOA1 ratio was 0.67 ±0.18 [0,46-1,11]. LDL elevation was associated to a high DAS28 (p=0.06, r=0.512). APOA1 was associated to a low DAS28 (p=0.04, r=-0.642).The mean value of APO A1 was 1.36 ±0.21 [0.84-1.81], that of APOB was 0.90 ±0.22 [0.58-1.40]. APOA1 values were lower in patients with high-level LDL (p=0.767). The APOB value was associated with lipid disturbance without significant correlation (p=0.291).Conclusion:Lipid test abnormalities can be found in RA patients outside of any known CV risk factors. APOA1 seems to have a protective effect. Screening and treatment of these abnormalities can prevent CV risk.References:[1]Miguel Bernardes and al. Coronary artery calcium score in female rheumatoid arthritis patients: Associations with apolipoproteins and disease biomarkers. Int J Rheum Dis. 2019;00:1–16.[2]Anna So dergren and al. Biomarkers associated with cardiovascular disease in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. PLOS ONE. August 5, 2019.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Free-sodium salts mixture and AlgySalt® use as NaCl substitutes in fresh and cooked meat products intended for the hypertensive population. Meat Sci 2017; 133:194-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Minimal residual disease detection in Tunisian B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia based on immunoglobulin gene rearrangements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 50:e5426. [PMID: 28099581 PMCID: PMC5264541 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20165426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
IGH gene rearrangement and IGK-Kde gene deletion can be used as molecular markers for the assessment of B lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Minimal residual disease detected based on those markers is currently the most reliable prognosis factor in B-ALL. The aim of this study was to use clonal IGH/IGK-Kde gene rearrangements to confirm B-ALL diagnosis and to evaluate the treatment outcome of Tunisian leukemic patients by monitoring the minimal residual disease (MRD) after induction chemotherapy. Seventeen consecutive newly diagnosed B-ALL patients were investigated by multiplex PCR assay and real time quantitative PCR according to BIOMED 2 conditions. The vast majority of clonal VH-JH rearrangements included VH3 gene. For IGK deletion, clonal VK1f/6-Kde recombinations were mainly identified. These rearrangements were quantified to follow-up seven B-ALL after induction using patient-specific ASO. Four patients had an undetectable level of MRD with a sensitivity of up to 10-5. This molecular approach allowed identification of prognosis risk group and adequate therapeutic decision. The IGK-Kde and IGH gene rearrangements might be used for diagnosis and MRD monitoring of B-ALL, introduced for the first time in Tunisian laboratories.
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Preparation and Characterization of Osmodehydrated Fruits from Lemon and Date By-products. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1082013208089562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An osmotic dehydration process (ODP) was established in order to formulate osmodehydrated fruits from lemon and date by-products. ODP was conducted at 40°C, maintained using an oven, or a water bath with continuous stirring. The kinetics of the osmodehydration in a water bath showed a better mass transfer. Then, osmodehydrated fruit (ODF) preparations of about 40°Brix were formulated using different isotonic solutions (sucrose, glucose/sucrose, glucose, and date juice). All the formulated products showed better characteristics (lower acidity, higher sugar content, etc.) than the untreated lemon by-product. The isotonic solution composition influenced their physical characteristics such as microstructure and viscosity. In fact, ODF prepared in glucose and glucose/sucrose solutions presented more open structures, lower viscosities, and water holding capacities (WHC) than the others. The products were microbiologically stable during 3 months at 4°C. These results support the valorization of lemon and date by-products as ODF that could be consumed or incorporated as an ingredient in food formulations.
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Chemical Composition and Lipid Fraction Characteristics of Aleppo Pine ( Pinus halepensis Mill.) Seeds Cultivated in Tunisia. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1082013206069910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The proximate composition of Aleppo pine ( Pinus halepensis Mill.) seeds cultivated in Bizerta (Tunisia) were investigated for their fatty acid composition, and their thermal and physical properties of lipid fraction. The proximate analysis of pine seeds showed the following composition (on a dry-weight basis): protein 22.7%, oil 43.3%, ash 8.3% and total carbohydrate 25.7%. Potassium, magnesium and calcium were the predominant mineral elements present in the seeds and reached, together, about 1%. Oleic and linoleic acids were the major unsaturated fatty acids (27.3 and 48.8%, respectively), while the main saturated one was palmitic acid (8.75%). Myristic, myristoleic, palmitoleic, margaric, margaroleic, stearic, linolenic, arachidic, eicosenoic, eicosadienoic, eicosatrienoic, behenic and lignoceric acids were also detected. Thermal profile of Pinus halepensis Mill. seed oil, determined by its DSC melting curve, showed that the entire liquefaction of the Aleppo pine seed oil occurs at 8°C. CieLab colour parameters ( L*, a*, b*), oxidative stability by Rancimat test and viscosity were also determined. Physico-chemical properties of the oil include: saponification number 190, peroxide value 3.18, iodine index 117, and a low acidity of 0.61%. Results suggested that the production of oil from Pinus halepensis seeds could provide a potential use in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics and other non-food industries.
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Abstract
Studies were conducted on some quality characteristics of date seed oil from two date palm cultivars ( Phoenix dactylifera L.): Deglet Nour and Allig. The following values were obtained for Deglet Nour and Allig cultivars respectively: unsaponifiable matter 8.92-7.76%, iodine value 45.49-44.08, total phenols 520.81-220.32µg/g oil, chlorophylls 0.86-0.58µg/g oil, viscosity 18.50-20.50mPa.s, refractive index 1.457-1.462, acidity 1.06-2.10mg KOH/g oil and peroxide index 16.00-25.00meq O2/100g oil. Lipid fractionation of date seed oil yielded 98.30-97.30% neutral lipids, 97.26-96.90% triglycerides, 0.25-0.18% phospholipids and 0.36-0.31% sterols. Gas-liquid chromatography revealed that the major unsaturated fatty acid was oleic acid (39.17-42.13%) while the main saturated fatty acid was lauric acid (24.34-22.56%). Date seed oil showed high medium molecular weight triglycerides (C32-C42, about 27%). Extinction coefficients at 232nm and 270nm increased slightly during 40days in oven (60°C) showing that date seed oil could be easily stored. The production of oil from date seeds provides the use of a renewable resource, and at the same time adding value to agricultural products.
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PO-23 - Expression of heparanase in cancer as biomarker of malignancies: overexpression in an aggressive, poor survival gastric cancer "gastric signet ring cell carcinoma" compared with that of other gastric cancers. Thromb Res 2016; 140 Suppl 1:S184-5. [PMID: 27161709 DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(16)30156-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastric signet ring cell carcinoma (GSRC) is a distinct entity among of other gastric cancer. With unknown etiopathology, their incidence is increasing and it presents a low sensitivity to chemotherapy. AIM Here, we studied the expression of the heparanase (HPA) in cancer tissues from GSRC patients and several cancer cell lines. HPA is an endo-β-D-glucuronidase, capable of cleaving the lateral chains of heparan sulfate on cell surfaces and the extracellular matrix at acidic pH. Apart from its well-characterized enzyme activity, HPA also has independent enzymatic functions, such as up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) -A and VEGF-C and activation of intracellular signaling pathways involved in, survival, migration and proliferation of tumor cells. It can also induce an hypercoagulability by a non-enzymatic manner. MATERIALS AND METHODS HPA was tested in several cancer cell lines from ovaries (OVCAR-3, SKOV-3), breast (MDAMB231, MCF7) colon (LS-174), lung (A549), uterus (HELA) and gastric (adenocarcinoma (AGS) and GSRC (KATO-III) using several techniques such as RT-PCR, Q-PCR, immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry and degradation of Fondaparinux at pH 5, evaluated by its anti Xa activity evaluated by Factor Xa amidolytic activity. The amount of HPA mRNA in the biopsy simples of gastric adenocarcinoma (n=10) and GSRC (n=11) in tumors and their environment were analyzed. RESULTS HPA gene is expressed in all cancer cell lines, but its level varies depending on the tumor cell line. In biopsies of gastric cancer, the HPA gene is more expressed in the tumor regions (p=0.0002) and tumor environment (p=0.015) in GSRC than in gastric adenocarcinoma. B) The activity of HPA, evaluated by degradation of Fondaparinux at pH 5, 1) in the supernatants of 10(6) cancer cells: the residual activity of Fondaparinux after 2 hours incubation at 37°C with OVCAR-3 supernatant was of 70% of control value, and of 80% with KATO-III cell supernatants. 2) in patient's plasmas, this technique cannot be used because the site of degradation of fondaparinux by heparanase is masked by AT present in plasma. CONCLUSIONS Heparanase was found in in many cancer cell lines and its level depends on origin of tumor cells and on its aggressivity. Taking into account the pro-metastatic functions, proangiogenic and procoagulant activity of HPA and its overexpression in gastric signet ring cell carcinoma of poor prognosis and its cell line, HPA can be considered as a biomarker of malignancy and as a therapeutic target in GSRC patients.
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PO-47 - Microparticles derived from ovarian cancer cell line contained genomic and biologically active proteins, including tissue factor involved in coagulation. Thromb Res 2016; 140 Suppl 1:S194. [DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(16)30180-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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PO-13 - Production of a functional thrombopoietin by a human ovarian cancer cell line. Thromb Res 2016; 140 Suppl 1:S181. [DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(16)30146-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Familial hematological malignancies: ASXL1 gene investigation. Clin Transl Oncol 2015; 18:385-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-015-1379-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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PIV measurements and Eulerian–Lagrangian simulations of the unsteady gas–liquid flow in a needle sparger rectangular bubble column. Chem Eng Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2014.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Efficient role of BacTN635 on the safety properties, sensory attributes, and texture profile of raw minced meat beef and chicken breast. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2014; 31:218-25. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.873144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Rheo-optical fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy of polymers 16 orientation and strain-induced conformational regularity of poly(dimethylsiloxane) networks during cyclic elongation and recovery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.19930720114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Pectin Extraction from Lemon By-product with Acidified Date Juice: Rheological Properties and Microstructure of Pure and Mixed Pectin Gels. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2010; 16:105-14. [DOI: 10.1177/1082013209353093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The microstructure and the rheological properties of lemon-pectin mixtures were studied and compared to those of pure lemon (high methoxyl: HM) and date (low methoxyl: LM) pectins. Rheological properties were carried out in the presence of 30%, 45% and 60% sucrose, and increasing calcium concentrations (0-0.1%). The presence of date with lemon pectin led to a gel formation at 45% sucrose and in the presence of calcium, which was not the case for lemon pectin alone under the same conditions. It is suggested that lemon and date pectins interacted, leading to gel formations at different gelling temperatures, which were strongly dependant on degree of methylation. These results were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, which revealed inhomogeneous gels where dense aggregated network and loose, open network areas were present. Addition of calcium to pectin mixture gels led to stronger and faster gel formation.
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Compositional, Physical, Antioxidant and Sensory Characteristics of Novel Syrup from Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/1082013209353079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study is a contribution to valorise date palm sap (Phoenix dactylifera L.) by elaboration of high quality syrup. Sap was concentrated by evaporation and the obtained product was characterized by its physicochemical, rheological, thermal, sensory properties and by its antioxidant activity. Syrups from date palm sap have a good nutritional value marked by high amounts of sugars (58—75 g/100 g fresh matter basis), minerals (2.1—2.6 g/100 g fresh matter basis) and phenolics (147.61—224.55 mg of ferulic acid equivalents/kg fresh weight). Syrup also presents an antioxidant activity that appears related to total phenolic content. Rheological properties indicate that syrup preserves a Newtonian behavior from 10 °C to 55 °C well modeled by Arrhenius equation. Hedonic evaluation showed that consumers’ appreciation of date palm syrup was not significantly different to the most known sap syrup: maple syrup.
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Effect of surface treatment and functionalization on the ITO properties for OLEDs. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2005.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Charge transfer processes in polymer light-emitting diodes. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0928-4931(02)00077-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Molecular Orientation in Deformed Bimodal Networks. 2. Fourier Transform Infrared Measurements on Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Networks and Comparison with Theory. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00105a030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Segmental orientation in model networks of poly(dimethylsiloxane): Fourier-transform infrared dichroism measurements and theoretical interpretation. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00033a018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Interpretation of segmental orientation in deformed networks in terms of constrained junction model of rubber elasticity. POLYMER 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(93)90427-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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An infra-red dichroism investigation of segmental orientation in dry and swollen poly(dimethylsiloxane) networks. POLYMER 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(93)90769-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Mirage detection of counter-ion flux between Prussian Blue films and electrolyte solutions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(90)87068-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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[Resistance of nongroupable streptococci to beta-lactams. Detection by antibiogram and the activity of combinations of penicillin G and gentamicin]. PATHOLOGIE-BIOLOGIE 1988; 36:626-31. [PMID: 3054738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Expression of disk-diffusion method of the activity of penicillin G against 68 strains of ungroupable streptococci susceptible to this drug (MIC less than or equal to 0.12 mg/l), 30 strains with a reduced susceptibility ("s") (0.25 mg/l less than or equal to MIC less than or equal to 1 mg/l), and 16 resistant (R) (MIC greater than or equal to 2 mg/l) has been studied. Generally, the R strains exhibited reduced inhibition zone diameters around the penicillin G disks but were best screened with an oxacillin disk (5 micrograms) as it has been proposed for the pneumococci. The study of the relations between the MICs of penicillin G and zone diameters obtained with oxacillin disks showed that the strains with oxacillin zones of less than 21 mm were R or "s". The strains with oxacillin zones less than 26 mm should be tested for sensitivity to penicillin by measurement of MIC. The resistance was crossed towards amoxicillin, cefotaxime, and at a lower degree imipenem. However, the routine test of amoxicillin and cefotaxime did not allow the detection of the resistance to these drugs. Amoxicillin and cefotaxime might not be tested by disk-diffusion method because of the cross resistance to penicillin G. Combinations of penicillin G with gentamicin resulted in bactericidal effects in 6 h or less for 6 of 7 strains tested.
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