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Prieschl M, Sedelmeier J, Püntener K, Hildbrand S, Williams JD, Kappe CO. Rediscovering Cyanogen Gas for Organic Synthesis: Formation of 2-Cyanothiazole Derivatives. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37339330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The expeditious synthesis of an API building block, 2-cyanothiazole, from cyanogen gas and a readily available dithiane is reported. A previously undisclosed partially saturated intermediate is formed, which can be further functionalized and isolated by the acylation of the hydroxy group. Dehydration using trimethylsilyl chloride furnished 2-cyanothiazole, which could be further converted to the corresponding amidine. The sequence provided a 55% yield over 4 steps. We envision that this work will spark further interest in cyanogen gas as a reactive and cost-effective synthetic reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Prieschl
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Joerg Sedelmeier
- Department of Process Chemistry & Catalysis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kurt Püntener
- Department of Process Chemistry & Catalysis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Hildbrand
- Department of Process Chemistry & Catalysis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jason D Williams
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - C Oliver Kappe
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
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2
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Godineau E, Gallou F, Enger O, Ewald F, Herber C, Hildbrand S, Künzle N, Marty M, Netscher T, Püntener K, Reiter M, Taeschler C, Zarate C. How Can Academia Help Industry Reduce the Footprint of Chemicals Manufacture? Chimia (Aarau) 2023; 77:159-160. [PMID: 38047821 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2023.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Industrial representatives from the Swiss chemistry ecosystem met to formulate unmet needs in the field of sustainability and share the content of the exchange. The aim is to spark inspiration and trigger ambitious and pre-competitive projects collectively at the interface of the academic and industrial worlds, with the hope to profoundly change the current practices and provide an answer to some of the most urgent environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Godineau
- SusChem CH Swiss Chemical Society - SusChem.ch
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Schaffhauserstrasse, CH-4332 Stein
| | - Fabrice Gallou
- SusChem CH Swiss Chemical Society - SusChem.ch.
- Novartis, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Hildbrand
- Synthetic Molecules Technical Development, F. Hoffmann- La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel
| | - Niklaus Künzle
- Sus Chem CH Swiss Chemical Society - suschem.ch
- Lonza, Lonzastrasse, CH-3930 Visp
| | - Maurus Marty
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Wurmisweg 576, CH-4303 Kaiseraugst
| | | | - Kurt Püntener
- Synthetic Molecules Technical Development, F. Hoffmann- La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel
| | - Maud Reiter
- Firmenich, Rue de la Bergère 7, CH-1242 Satigny
| | | | - Cayetana Zarate
- Janssen Research & Development, Cilag AG, Hochstrasse 201, CH-8200 Schaffhausen
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3
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Lamerz J, Danila OM, Schuster A, Burren J, Moessner C, Göhring W, Rege P, Stahr H, Hildbrand S, Coleman D. An Improved Impact Ratio for Identifying Critical Process Parameters in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Processes. PDA J Pharm Sci Technol 2022; 76:497-508. [PMID: 35840347 DOI: 10.5731/pdajpst.2021.012662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The identification of critical process parameters in biologics and small molecule process development is a key element of quality by design. The objectivity and consistency of procedures to identify critical process parameters can be improved with the use of impact ratios. Impact ratios quantify a process parameter's practical effect on a critical quality attribute relative to the critical quality attribute's acceptance limits. If the impact ratio is large, i.e., exceeds a predefined impact ratio threshold, the recommendation is to classify the process parameter as a critical process parameter. This article introduces an improved and mathematically well-defined impact ratio. Benefits of this impact ratio are a consistent interpretation for many scenarios commonly encountered in practice, high suitability to automation, and the possibility of standardizing on a single impact ratio definition for pharmaceutical manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Lamerz
- Nonclinical Biostatistics, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland;
| | | | - Andreas Schuster
- Process Chemistry & Catalysis, Synthetic Molecules Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Janine Burren
- Nonclinical Biostatistics, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Moessner
- Process Chemistry & Catalysis, Synthetic Molecules Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Göhring
- Process Chemistry & Catalysis, Synthetic Molecules Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pankaj Rege
- Pharma Technical Regulatory, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland; and
| | - Helmut Stahr
- Process Chemistry & Catalysis, Synthetic Molecules Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Hildbrand
- Process Chemistry & Catalysis, Synthetic Molecules Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Coleman
- Nonclinical Biostatistics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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4
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Bigler R, Mack KA, Shen J, Tosatti P, Han C, Bachmann S, Zhang H, Scalone M, Pfaltz A, Denmark SE, Hildbrand S, Gosselin F. Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Unfunctionalized Tetrasubstituted Acyclic Olefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:2844-2849. [PMID: 31794118 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric hydrogenation has evolved as one of the most powerful tools to construct stereocenters. However, the asymmetric hydrogenation of unfunctionalized tetrasubstituted acyclic olefins remains the pinnacle of asymmetric synthesis and an unsolved challenge. We report herein the discovery of an iridium catalyst for the first, generally applicable, highly enantio- and diastereoselective hydrogenation of such olefins and the mechanistic insights of the reaction. The power of this chemistry is demonstrated by the successful hydrogenation of a wide variety of electronically and sterically diverse olefins in excellent yield and high enantio- and diastereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Bigler
- Pharmaceutical Division, Small Molecules Technical Development, Department of Process Chemistry and Catalysis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kyle A Mack
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Jeff Shen
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Paolo Tosatti
- Pharmaceutical Division, Small Molecules Technical Development, Department of Process Chemistry and Catalysis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chong Han
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Stephan Bachmann
- Pharmaceutical Division, Small Molecules Technical Development, Department of Process Chemistry and Catalysis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Michelangelo Scalone
- Pharmaceutical Division, Small Molecules Technical Development, Department of Process Chemistry and Catalysis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Pfaltz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Scott E Denmark
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Stefan Hildbrand
- Pharmaceutical Division, Small Molecules Technical Development, Department of Process Chemistry and Catalysis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francis Gosselin
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
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5
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Bigler R, Mack KA, Shen J, Tosatti P, Han C, Bachmann S, Zhang H, Scalone M, Pfaltz A, Denmark SE, Hildbrand S, Gosselin F. Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Unfunctionalized Tetrasubstituted Acyclic Olefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Bigler
- Pharmaceutical DivisionSmall Molecules Technical DevelopmentDepartment of Process Chemistry and CatalysisF. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd 4070 Basel Switzerland
| | - Kyle A. Mack
- Department of Small Molecule Process ChemistryGenentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Jeff Shen
- Department of Small Molecule Process ChemistryGenentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Paolo Tosatti
- Pharmaceutical DivisionSmall Molecules Technical DevelopmentDepartment of Process Chemistry and CatalysisF. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd 4070 Basel Switzerland
| | - Chong Han
- Department of Small Molecule Process ChemistryGenentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Stephan Bachmann
- Pharmaceutical DivisionSmall Molecules Technical DevelopmentDepartment of Process Chemistry and CatalysisF. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd 4070 Basel Switzerland
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Department of Small Molecule Process ChemistryGenentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Michelangelo Scalone
- Pharmaceutical DivisionSmall Molecules Technical DevelopmentDepartment of Process Chemistry and CatalysisF. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd 4070 Basel Switzerland
| | - Andreas Pfaltz
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Basel 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Scott E. Denmark
- Roger Adams LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Stefan Hildbrand
- Pharmaceutical DivisionSmall Molecules Technical DevelopmentDepartment of Process Chemistry and CatalysisF. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd 4070 Basel Switzerland
| | - Francis Gosselin
- Department of Small Molecule Process ChemistryGenentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
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6
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Fishlock D, Diodone R, Hildbrand S, Kuhn B, Mössner C, Peters C, Rege PD, Rimmler G, Schantz M. Efficient Industrial Synthesis of the MDM2 Antagonist Idasanutlin via a Cu(I)-catalyzed [3+2] Asymmetric Cycloaddition. Chimia (Aarau) 2018; 72:492-500. [PMID: 30158012 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2018.492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A concise asymmetric synthesis has been developed to prepare idasanutlin, a small molecule MDM2 antagonist. Idasanutlin is currently being investigated as a potential treatment for various solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. The highly congested pyrrolidine core, containing four contiguous stereocenters, was constructed via a Cu(I)/(R)-BINAP catalyzed [3+2]-cycloaddition reaction. This optimized copper(<small>I</small>)-catalyzed process has been used to produce more than 1500 kg of idasanutlin. The manufacturing process will be described, highlighting the exceptionally selective and consistent cycloaddition/isomerization/hydrolysis sequence. The excellent yields, short cycle times and reduction in waste streams result in a sustainable production process with low environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Fishlock
- Process Chemistry and Catalysis Small Molecule Technical Development F. Hoffmann-La Roche, CH-4070 Basel;,
| | - Ralph Diodone
- Process Chemistry and Catalysis Small Molecule Technical Development F. Hoffmann-La Roche, CH-4070 Basel
| | - Stefan Hildbrand
- Process Chemistry and Catalysis Small Molecule Technical Development F. Hoffmann-La Roche, CH-4070 Basel
| | - Bernd Kuhn
- Contributions to computational chemistry and modelling Computer-aided Drug Design Group Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development F. Hoffmann-La Roche, CH-4070 Basel
| | - Christian Mössner
- Process Chemistry and Catalysis Small Molecule Technical Development F. Hoffmann-La Roche, CH-4070 Basel
| | - Carsten Peters
- Process Chemistry and Catalysis Small Molecule Technical Development F. Hoffmann-La Roche, CH-4070 Basel
| | - Pankaj D Rege
- Process Chemistry and Catalysis Small Molecule Technical Development F. Hoffmann-La Roche, CH-4070 Basel
| | - Gösta Rimmler
- Process Chemistry and Catalysis Small Molecule Technical Development F. Hoffmann-La Roche, CH-4070 Basel
| | - Markus Schantz
- Process Chemistry and Catalysis Small Molecule Technical Development F. Hoffmann-La Roche, CH-4070 Basel
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7
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Rimmler G, Alker A, Bosco M, Diodone R, Fishlock D, Hildbrand S, Kuhn B, Moessner C, Peters C, Rege PD, Schantz M. Practical Synthesis of MDM2 Antagonist RG7388. Part 2: Development of the Cu(I) Catalyzed [3 + 2] Asymmetric Cycloaddition Process for the Manufacture of Idasanutlin. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gösta Rimmler
- Small
Molecules Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andre Alker
- Therapeutic
Modalities, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcello Bosco
- Small
Molecules Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Diodone
- Small
Molecules Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dan Fishlock
- Small
Molecules Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Hildbrand
- Small
Molecules Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Kuhn
- Therapeutic
Modalities, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Moessner
- Small
Molecules Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Peters
- Small
Molecules Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pankaj D. Rege
- Small
Molecules Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Schantz
- Small
Molecules Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
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8
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Abrecht S, Adam JM, Bromberger U, Diodone R, Fettes A, Fischer R, Goeckel V, Hildbrand S, Moine G, Weber M. An Efficient Process for the Manufacture of Carmegliptin. Org Process Res Dev 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/op2000207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Abrecht
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Michel Adam
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Bromberger
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Diodone
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alec Fettes
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Fischer
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Volker Goeckel
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Hildbrand
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gérard Moine
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Weber
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
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9
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Alig L, Alsenz J, Andjelkovic M, Bendels S, Bénardeau A, Bleicher K, Bourson A, David-Pierson P, Guba W, Hildbrand S, Kube D, Lübbers T, Mayweg AV, Narquizian R, Neidhart W, Nettekoven M, Plancher JM, Rocha C, Rogers-Evans M, Röver S, Schneider G, Taylor S, Waldmeier P. Benzodioxoles: novel cannabinoid-1 receptor inverse agonists for the treatment of obesity. J Med Chem 2008; 51:2115-27. [PMID: 18335976 DOI: 10.1021/jm701487t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The application of the evolutionary fragment-based de novo design tool TOPology Assigning System (TOPAS), starting from a known CB1R (CB-1 receptor) ligand, followed by further refinement principles, including pharmacophore compliance, chemical tractability, and drug likeness, allowed the identification of benzodioxoles as a novel CB1R inverse agonist series. Extensive multidimensional optimization was rewarded by the identification of promising lead compounds, showing in vivo activity. These compounds reversed the CP-55940-induced hypothermia in Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice and reduced body-weight gain, as well as fat mass, in diet-induced obese Sprague-Dawley rats. Herein, we disclose the tools and strategies that were employed for rapid hit identification, synthesis and generation of structure-activity relationships, ultimately leading to the identification of (+)-[( R)-2-(2,4-dichloride-phenyl)-6-fluoro-2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl]-morpholin-4-yl-methanone ( R)-14g . Biochemical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic characteristics of ( R)-14g are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Alig
- Pharmaceuticals Division, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M. Trost
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford, California 94305-5080
| | - Stefan Hildbrand
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford, California 94305-5080
| | - Kalindi Dogra
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford, California 94305-5080
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11
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Guo MJ, Hildbrand S, Leumann CJ, McLaughlin LW, Waring MJ. Inhibition of DNA polymerase reactions by pyrimidine nucleotide analogues lacking the 2-keto group. Nucleic Acids Res 1998; 26:1863-9. [PMID: 9518477 PMCID: PMC147495 DOI: 10.1093/nar/26.8.1863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the influence of the pyrimidine 2-keto group on selection of nucleotides for incorporation into DNA by polymerases, we have prepared two C nucleoside triphosphates that are analogues of dCTP and dTTP, namely 2-amino-5-(2'-deoxy-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)pyridine-5'-triphosphate (d*CTP) and 5-(2'-deoxy- beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-3-methyl-2-pyridone-5'-triphosphate (d*TTP) respectively. Both proved strongly inhibitory to PCR catalysed by Taq polymerase; d*TTP rather more so than d*CTP. In primer extension experiments conducted with either Taq polymerase or the Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I, both nucleotides failed to substitute for their natural pyrimidine counterparts. Neither derivative was incorporated as a chain terminator. Their capacity to inhibit DNA polymerase activity may well result from incompatibility with the correctly folded form of the polymerase enzyme needed to stabilize the transition state and catalyse phosphodiester bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QJ, UK
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Hildbrand S, Leumann C. Enhancing DNA Triple Helix Stability at Neutral pH by the Use of Oligonucleotides Containing a More Basic Deoxycytidine Analog. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.199619681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Hildbrand S, Leumann C. Erhöhung der Stabilität von DNA-Tripelhelices bei neutralem pH durch Verwendung von Oligonucleotiden mit einem basischeren Desoxycytidin-Analogon. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19961081725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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