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Abudi-Sinreich S, Bodine SP, Yokoyama T, Tolman NJ, Tyrlik M, Testa LC, Han CG, Dorward HM, Wincovitch SM, Anikster Y, Gahl WA, Cinar R, Gochuico BR, Malicdan MCV. Progressive pulmonary fibrosis in a murine model of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. Respir Res 2022; 23:112. [PMID: 35509004 PMCID: PMC9066931 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02002-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HPS-1 is a genetic type of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) with highly penetrant pulmonary fibrosis (HPSPF), a restrictive lung disease that is similar to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Hps1ep/ep (pale ear) is a naturally occurring HPS-1 mouse model that exhibits high sensitivity to bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Traditional methods of administering bleomycin as an intratracheal (IT) route to induce PF in this model often lead to severe acute lung injury and high mortality rates, complicating studies focusing on pathobiological mechanisms or exploration of therapeutic options for HPSPF. METHODS To develop a murine model of HPSPF that closely mimics the progression of human pulmonary fibrosis, we investigated the pulmonary effects of systemic delivery of bleomycin in Hps1ep/ep mice using a subcutaneous minipump and compared results to oropharyngeal delivery of bleomycin. RESULTS Our study revealed that systemic delivery of bleomycin induced limited, acute inflammation that resolved. The distinct inflammatory phase preceded a slow, gradually progressive fibrogenesis that was shown to be both time-dependent and dose-dependent. The fibrosis phase exhibited characteristics that better resembles human disease with focal regions of fibrosis that were predominantly found in peribronchovascular areas and in subpleural regions; central lung areas contained relatively less fibrosis. CONCLUSION This model provides a preclinical tool that will allow researchers to study the mechanism of pulmonary fibrosis in HPS and provide a platform for the development of therapeutics to treat HPSPF. This method can be applied on studies of IPF or other monogenic disorders that lead to pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shachar Abudi-Sinreich
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Steven P Bodine
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tadafumi Yokoyama
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nathanial J Tolman
- UDP Translational Laboratory, NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michal Tyrlik
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lauren C Testa
- UDP Translational Laboratory, NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Chen G Han
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Heidi M Dorward
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Stephen M Wincovitch
- National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) Cytogenetics and Microscopy Core, National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yair Anikster
- The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - William A Gahl
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,UDP Translational Laboratory, NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Resat Cinar
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institute of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Bernadette R Gochuico
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - May Christine V Malicdan
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. .,UDP Translational Laboratory, NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Rodriguez-Gil JL, Watkins-Chow DE, Baxter LL, Elliot G, Harper UL, Wincovitch SM, Wedel JC, Incao AA, Huebecker M, Boehm FJ, Garver WS, Porter FD, Broman KW, Platt FM, Pavan WJ. Genetic background modifies phenotypic severity and longevity in a mouse model of Niemann-Pick disease type C1. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm042614. [PMID: 31996359 PMCID: PMC7075069 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.042614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1) is a rare, fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by lysosomal accumulation of unesterified cholesterol and glycosphingolipids. These subcellular pathologies lead to phenotypes of hepatosplenomegaly, neurological degeneration and premature death. NPC1 is extremely heterogeneous in the timing of clinical presentation and is associated with a wide spectrum of causative NPC1 mutations. To study the genetic architecture of NPC1, we have generated a new NPC1 mouse model, Npc1em1PavNpc1em1Pav/em1Pav mutants showed notably reduced NPC1 protein compared to controls and displayed the pathological and biochemical hallmarks of NPC1. Interestingly, Npc1em1Pav/em1Pav mutants on a C57BL/6J genetic background showed more severe visceral pathology and a significantly shorter lifespan compared to Npc1em1Pav/em1Pav mutants on a BALB/cJ background, suggesting that strain-specific modifiers contribute to disease severity and survival. QTL analysis for lifespan of 202 backcross N2 mutants on a mixed C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ background detected significant linkage to markers on chromosomes 1 and 7. The discovery of these modifier regions demonstrates that mouse models are powerful tools for analyzing the genetics underlying rare human diseases, which can be used to improve understanding of the variability in NPC1 phenotypes and advance options for patient diagnosis and therapy.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Rodriguez-Gil
- Genomics, Development and Disease Section, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Dawn E Watkins-Chow
- Genomics, Development and Disease Section, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Laura L Baxter
- Genomics, Development and Disease Section, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gene Elliot
- Embryonic Stem Cell and Transgenic Mouse Core, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ursula L Harper
- Genomics Core, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stephen M Wincovitch
- Cytogenetics and Microscopy Core, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Julia C Wedel
- Genomics, Development and Disease Section, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Arturo A Incao
- Genomics, Development and Disease Section, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mylene Huebecker
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Frederick J Boehm
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - William S Garver
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Forbes D Porter
- Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Karl W Broman
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Frances M Platt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - William J Pavan
- Genomics, Development and Disease Section, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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3
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Rissone A, Jimenez E, Bishop K, Carrington B, Slevin C, Wincovitch SM, Sood R, Candotti F, Burgess SM. A model for reticular dysgenesis shows impaired sensory organ development and hair cell regeneration linked to cellular stress. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm040170. [PMID: 31727854 PMCID: PMC6955229 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.040170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene AK2 are responsible for reticular dysgenesis (RD), a rare and severe form of primary immunodeficiency in children. RD patients have a severely shortened life expectancy and without treatment die, generally from sepsis soon after birth. The only available therapeutic option for RD is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). To gain insight into the pathophysiology of RD, we previously created zebrafish models for Ak2 deficiencies. One of the clinical features of RD is hearing loss, but its pathophysiology and causes have not been determined. In adult mammals, sensory hair cells of the inner ear do not regenerate; however, their regeneration has been observed in several non-mammalian vertebrates, including zebrafish. Therefore, we used our RD zebrafish models to determine whether Ak2 deficiency affects sensory organ development and/or hair cell regeneration. Our studies indicated that Ak2 is required for the correct development, survival and regeneration of sensory hair cells. Interestingly, Ak2 deficiency induces the expression of several oxidative stress markers and it triggers an increased level of cell death in the hair cells. Finally, we show that glutathione treatment can partially rescue hair cell development in the sensory organs in our RD models, pointing to the potential use of antioxidants as a therapeutic treatment supplementing HSCT to prevent or ameliorate sensorineural hearing deficits in RD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Rissone
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Erin Jimenez
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin Bishop
- NHGRI Zebrafish Core, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Blake Carrington
- NHGRI Zebrafish Core, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Claire Slevin
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Raman Sood
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- NHGRI Zebrafish Core, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fabio Candotti
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shawn M Burgess
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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English MA, Lei L, Blake T, Wincovitch SM, Sood R, Azuma M, Hickstein D, Liu PP. Incomplete splicing, cell division defects, and hematopoietic blockage in dhx8 mutant zebrafish. Dev Dyn 2012; 241:879-89. [PMID: 22411201 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.23774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vertebrate hematopoiesis is a complex developmental process that is controlled by genes in diverse pathways. To identify novel genes involved in early hematopoiesis, we conducted an ENU (N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea) mutagenesis screen in zebrafish. The mummy (mmy) line was investigated because of its multiple hematopoietic defects. RESULTS Homozygous mmy embryos lacked circulating blood cell types and were dead by 30 hr post-fertilization (hpf). The mmy mutants did not express myeloid markers and had significantly decreased expression of progenitor and erythroid markers in primitive hematopoiesis. Through positional cloning, we identified a truncation mutation in dhx8 in the mmy fish. dhx8 is the zebrafish ortholog of the yeast splicing factor prp22, which is a DEAH-box RNA helicase. mmy mutants had splicing defects in many genes, including several hematopoietic genes. mmy embryos also showed cell division defects as characterized by disorganized mitotic spindles and formation of multiple spindle poles in mitotic cells. These cell division defects were confirmed by DHX8 knockdown in HeLa cells. CONCLUSIONS Together, our results confirm that dhx8 is involved in mRNA splicing and suggest that it is also important for cell division during mitosis. This is the first vertebrate model for dhx8, whose function is essential for primitive hematopoiesis in developing embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton A English
- Oncogenesis and Development Section, National Human Genome Research Institute/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Valdes JL, Tang J, McDermott MI, Kuo JC, Zimmerman SP, Wincovitch SM, Waterman CM, Milgram SL, Playford MP. Sorting nexin 27 protein regulates trafficking of a p21-activated kinase (PAK) interacting exchange factor (β-Pix)-G protein-coupled receptor kinase interacting protein (GIT) complex via a PDZ domain interaction. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:39403-16. [PMID: 21926430 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.260802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorting nexin 27 (SNX27) is a 62-kDa protein localized to early endosomes and known to regulate the intracellular trafficking of ion channels and receptors. In addition to a PX domain, SNX27 is the only sorting family member that contains a PDZ domain. To identify novel SNX27-PDZ binding partners, we performed a proteomic screen in mouse principal kidney cortical collecting duct cells using a GST-SNX27 fusion construct as bait. We found that β-Pix (p21-activated kinase-interactive exchange factor), a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the Rho family of small GTPases known to regulate cell motility directly interacted with SNX27. The association of β-Pix and SNX27 is specific for β-Pix isoforms terminating in the type-1 PDZ binding motif (ETNL). In the same screen we also identified Git1/2 as a potential SNX27 interacting protein. The interaction between SNX27 and Git1/2 is indirect and mediated by β-Pix. Furthermore, we show recruitment of the β-Pix·Git complex to endosomal sites in a SNX27-dependent manner. Finally, migration assays revealed that depletion of SNX27 from HeLa and mouse principal kidney cortical collecting duct cells significantly decreases cell motility. We propose a model by which SNX27 regulates trafficking of β-Pix to focal adhesions and thereby influences cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie L Valdes
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20982, USA
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6
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Sengupta K, Upender MB, Barenboim-Stapleton L, Nguyen QT, Wincovitch SM, Garfield SH, Difilippantonio MJ, Ried T. Artificially introduced aneuploid chromosomes assume a conserved position in colon cancer cells. PLoS One 2007; 2:e199. [PMID: 17332847 PMCID: PMC1805818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2006] [Accepted: 01/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chromosomal aneuploidy is a defining feature of carcinomas. For instance, in colon cancer, an additional copy of Chromosome 7 is not only observed in early pre-malignant polyps, but is faithfully maintained throughout progression to metastasis. These copy number changes show a positive correlation with average transcript levels of resident genes. An independent line of research has also established that specific chromosomes occupy a well conserved 3D position within the interphase nucleus. Methodology/Principal Findings We investigated whether cancer-specific aneuploid chromosomes assume a 3D-position similar to that of its endogenous homologues, which would suggest a possible correlation with transcriptional activity. Using 3D-FISH and confocal laser scanning microscopy, we show that Chromosomes 7, 18, or 19 introduced via microcell-mediated chromosome transfer into the parental diploid colon cancer cell line DLD-1 maintain their conserved position in the interphase nucleus. Conclusions Our data is therefore consistent with the model that each chromosome has an associated zip code (possibly gene density) that determines its nuclear localization. Whether the nuclear localization determines or is determined by the transcriptional activity of resident genes has yet to be ascertained.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Aneuploidy
- Animals
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7
- Colonic Neoplasms/genetics
- Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
- Gene Dosage
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Interphase
- Intranuclear Space/ultrastructure
- Mice
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Transcription, Genetic
- Trisomy
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/ultrastructure
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Affiliation(s)
- Kundan Sengupta
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Madhvi B. Upender
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Linda Barenboim-Stapleton
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Quang Tri Nguyen
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stephen M. Wincovitch
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Susan H. Garfield
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Difilippantonio
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Thomas Ried
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Fountaine TJ, Wincovitch SM, Geho DH, Garfield SH, Pittaluga S. Multispectral imaging of clinically relevant cellular targets in tonsil and lymphoid tissue using semiconductor quantum dots. Mod Pathol 2006; 19:1181-91. [PMID: 16778828 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3800628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Determination of the expression and spatial distribution of molecular epitopes, or antigens, in patient tissue specimens has substantially improved the pathologist's ability to classify disease processes. Certain disease pathophysiologies are marked by characteristic increased or decreased expression of developmentally controlled antigens, defined as Cluster of Differentiation markers, that currently form the foundation for understanding lymphoid malignancies. While chromogens and organic fluorophores have been utilitized for some time in immunohistochemical analyses, developments in synthetic, inorganic fluorophore semiconductors, namely quantum dots, offer a versatile alternative reporter system. Quantum dots are stable fluorophores, are resistant to photobleaching, and are attributed with wide excitation ranges and narrow emission spectra. To date, routinely processed, formalin-fixed tissues have only been probed with two quantum dot reporters simultaneously. In the present study, streptavidin-conjugated quantum dots with distinct emission spectra were tested for their utility in identifying a variety of differentially expressed antigens (surface, cytoplasmic, and nuclear). Slides were analyzed using confocal laser scanning microscopy, which enabled with a single excitation wavelength (488 nm argon laser) the detection of up to seven signals (streptavidin-conjugated quantum dots 525, 565, 585, 605, 655, 705 and 805 nm) plus the detection of 4'6-DiAmidino-2-PhenylIndole with an infra-red laser tuned to 760 nm for two photon excitation. Each of these signals was specific for the intended morphologic immunohistochemical target. In addition, five of the seven streptavidin-conjugated quantum dots tested (not streptavidin-conjugated quantum dots 585 or 805 nm) were used on the same tissue section and could be analyzed simultaneously on routinely processed formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections. Application of this multiplexing method will enable investigators to explore the clinically relevant multidimensional cellular interactions that underlie diseases, simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Fountaine
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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8
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Chen KG, Valencia JC, Lai B, Zhang G, Paterson JK, Rouzaud F, Berens W, Wincovitch SM, Garfield SH, Leapman RD, Hearing VJ, Gottesman MM. Melanosomal sequestration of cytotoxic drugs contributes to the intractability of malignant melanomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:9903-7. [PMID: 16777967 PMCID: PMC1502551 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0600213103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance mechanisms underlying the intractability of malignant melanomas remain largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that the development of multidrug resistance in melanomas involves subcellular sequestration of intracellular cytotoxic drugs such as cis-diaminedichloroplatinum II (cisplatin; CDDP). CDDP is initially sequestered in subcellular organelles such as melanosomes, which significantly reduces its nuclear localization when compared with nonmelanoma/KB-3-1 epidermoid carcinoma cells. The melanosomal accumulation of CDDP remarkably modulates melanogenesis through a pronounced increase in tyrosinase activity. The altered melanogenesis manifested an approximately 8-fold increase in both intracellular pigmentation and extracellular transport of melanosomes containing CDDP. Thus, our experiments provide evidence that melanosomes contribute to the refractory properties of melanoma cells by sequestering cytotoxic drugs and increasing melanosome-mediated drug export. Preventing melanosomal sequestration of cytotoxic drugs by inhibiting the functions of melanosomes may have great potential as an approach to improving the chemosensitivity of melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Barry Lai
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439; and
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- Division of Bioengineering and Physical Science, Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | | | | | | - Stephen M. Wincovitch
- Experimental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Susan H. Garfield
- Experimental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Richard D. Leapman
- Division of Bioengineering and Physical Science, Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | | - Michael M. Gottesman
- Laboratories of *Cell Biology and
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at:
Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 37, Room 2108, Bethesda, MD 20892. E-mail:
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9
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Liang C, Morris A, Schlücker S, Imoto K, Price VH, Menefee E, Wincovitch SM, Levin IW, Tamura D, Strehle KR, Kraemer KH, DiGiovanna JJ. Structural and molecular hair abnormalities in trichothiodystrophy. J Invest Dermatol 2006; 126:2210-6. [PMID: 16728971 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We examined hair from 15 patients with trichothiodystrophy (TTD), a rare inherited disorder with brittle, cystine-deficient hair. They had a wide variety of phenotypes, from brittle hair only to severe intellectual impairment and developmental delay. Polarizing light microscopic examination showed alternating light and dark (tiger tail) bands under polarizing microscopy. Confocal microscopy captured structural features of breaks in intact TTD hairs. The autofluorescent appearance was regular and smooth in normal donors and markedly irregular in sections of TTD hairs possibly reflecting abnormalities in melanin distribution. Scanning electron microscopy revealed numerous surface irregularities. All TTD hair samples had reduced sulfur content. We observed an inverse correlation (R(val)=0.9) between sulfur content and percent of hairs with shaft abnormalities (trichoschisis, trichorrhexis nodosa, or ribbon/twist). There was no association between clinical disease severity and percent of abnormal hairs. Raman spectra of hairs from TTD patients and normal donors revealed a larger contribution of energetically less favored disulfide conformers in TTD hairs. Our data indicate that the brittleness of the TTD hair is dependent upon abnormalities at several levels of organization. These changes make TTD hairs excessively prone to breakage and weathering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Liang
- DNA Repair Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4258, USA
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10
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Goucher DR, Wincovitch SM, Garfield SH, Carbone KM, Malik TH. A quantitative determination of multi-protein interactions by the analysis of confocal images using a pixel-by-pixel assessment algorithm. Bioinformatics 2005; 21:3248-54. [PMID: 15947019 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bti531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Recent advances in confocal microscopy have allowed scientists to assess the expression, and to some extent, the interaction/colocalization of multiple molecules within cells and tissues. In some instances, accurately quantifying the colocalization of two or more proteins may be critical. This can require the acquisition of multiple Z plane images (Z stacks) throughout a specimen and, as such, we report here the successful development of a freeware, open-source image analysis tool, IMAJIN_COLOC, developed in PERL (v. 5.8, build 806), using the PERLMagick libraries (ImageMagick). Using a pixel-by-pixel analysis algorithm, IMAJIN_COLOC can analyze images for antigen expression (any number of colors) and can measure all possible combinations of colocalization for up to three colors by analyzing a Z stack gallery acquired for each sample. The simultaneous (i.e. in a single pass) analysis of three-color colocalization, and batch analysis capabilities are distinctive features of this program. RESULTS A control image, containing known individual and colocalized pixel counts, was used to validate the accuracy of IMAJIN_COLOC. As further validation, pixel counts and colocalization values from the control image were compared to those obtained with the software packaged with the Zeiss laser-scanning microscope (LSM AIM, version 3.2). The values from both programs were found to be identical. To demonstrate the applicability of this program in addressing novel biological questions, we examined the role of neurons in eliciting an immune reaction in response to viral infection. Specifically, we successfully examined expression of the chemokine RANTES in measles virus (MV) infected hippocampal neurons and quantified changes in RANTES production throughout the disease period. The resultant quantitative data were also evaluated visually, using a gif image created during the analysis. AVAILABILITY PERL (ActivePerl, version 5.8) is available at activestate.com; the PERLMagick libraries are available at imagemagick.org, and IMAJIN_COLOC, the source code and user documentation can be downloaded from http://www.fda.gov/cber/research/imaging/imageanalysis.htm.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Goucher
- DVP/OVRR, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Liang XJ, Shen DW, Chen KG, Wincovitch SM, Garfield SH, Gottesman MM. Trafficking and localization of platinum complexes in cisplatin-resistant cell lines monitored by fluorescence-labeled platinum. J Cell Physiol 2005; 202:635-41. [PMID: 15546142 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent commonly used in the treatment of a wide variety of malignant tumors. Resistance to cisplatin represents a major obstacle to effective cancer therapy because clinically significant levels of resistance quickly emerge after treatment. Based on previous studies indicating abnormal plasma membrane protein trafficking in cisplatin-resistant (CP-r) cells, Fluorescence (Alexa Fluor)-labeled cisplatin was used to determine whether this defect altered the trafficking and localization of cisplatin by comparing drug sensitive KB-3-1 and KB-CP-r cells. Alexa Fluor-cisplatin was readily internalized and localized throughout the KB-3-1 cells, but overall fluorescence decreased in KB-CP-r cells, as detected by flow cytometry (FACS) and confocal microscopy. Only punctate cytoplasmic staining was observed in KB-CP-r cells with less fluorescence observed in the nucleus. Colocalization experiments with a Golgi-selective stain indicate the involvement of Golgi-like vesicles in initial intracellular processing of Alexa Fluor conjugated cisplatin complexes. As detected using an antibody to Alexa Fluor-cisplatin, cisplatin complex-binding proteins (CCBPs) were reduced in membrane fractions of single-step cisplatin-resistant KB-CP.5 cells, and increased in the cytoplasm of KB-CP.5 cells compared to KB-3-1 cells. CCBPs localized to lower density fractions in KB-CP.5 cells than in KB-3-1 cells as determined by iodixanol gradient centrifugation. In summary, inappropriate trafficking of CCBPs might explain resistance to cisplatin in cultured cancer cells, presumably because membrane binding proteins for cisplatin are not properly located on the cell surface in these cells, but are instead trapped in low density vesicles within the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Jie Liang
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4256, USA
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