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Suzuki CTN, Gomes JF, Falcao AX, Papa JP, Hoshino-Shimizu S. Automatic Segmentation and Classification of Human Intestinal Parasites From Microscopy Images. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2013; 60:803-12. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2012.2187204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Rubinsky-Elefant G, Hoshino-Shimizu S, Jacob CMA, Sanchez MCA, Ferreira AW. Potential immunological markers for diagnosis and therapeutic assessment of toxocariasis. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2011; 53:61-5. [DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652011000200001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In human toxocariasis, there are few approaches using immunological markers for diagnosis and therapeutic assessment. An immunoblot (IB) assay using excretory-secretory Toxocara canis antigen was standardized for monitoring IgG, IgE and IgA antibodies in 27 children with toxocariasis (23 visceral, three mixed visceral and ocular, and one ocular form) for 22-116 months after chemotherapy. IB sensitivity was 100% for IgG antibodies to bands of molecular weight 29-38, 48-54, 95-116, 121-162, >205 kDa, 80.8% for IgE to 29-38, 48-54, 95-121, > 205 kDa, and 65.4% for IgA to 29-38, 48-54, 81-93 kDa. Candidates for diagnostic markers should be IgG antibodies to bands of low molecular weight (29-38 and 48-54 kDa). One group of patients presented the same antibody reactivity to all bands throughout the follow-up study; in the other group, antibodies decayed partially or completely to some or all bands, but these changes were not correlated with time after chemotherapy. Candidates for monitoring patients after chemotherapy may be IgG antibodies to > 205 kDa fractions, IgA to 29-38, 48-54, 81-93 kDa and IgE to 95-121 kDa. Further identification of antigen epitopes related to these markers will allow the development of sensitive and specific immunoassays for the diagnosis and therapeutic assessment of toxocariasis.
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Ishida MMI, Peralta RHS, Livramento JA, Hoshino-Shimizu S, Peralta JM, Vaz AJ. Serodiagnosis of neurocysticercosis in patients with epileptic seizure using ELISA and immunoblot assay. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2006; 48:343-6. [PMID: 17221132 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652006000600008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2005] [Accepted: 07/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sera from 88 patients from Santa Catarina and São Paulo states of Brazil, with epileptic seizures who underwent cerebral computed tomography (CT) were analyzed for the detection of antibodies to T. solium cysticercus by ELISA and Immunoblot (IB) with the following antigens: Taenia solium cysticercus total saline (Tso), Taenia crassiceps cysticercus vesicular fluid (Tcra-vf) and T. crassiceps cysticercus glycoproteins (Tcra-gp). ELISA carried out with Tso, Tcra-vf and Tcra-gp antigens showed 95%, 90% and 80% sensitivities, respectively, and 68%, 85% and 93% specificities, respectively. In the epileptic patients group, ELISA positivity was 30%, 51% and 35% with Tso, Tcra-vf and Tcra-gp antigens respectively. Considering the IB as the confirmatory test, the positivity was 16% (14/88) in the epileptic patients total group and 22% (12/54) in the epileptic patients with positive CT and signals of cysticercosis. We found a significant statistical correlation among ELISA or IB results and the phase of the disease when any antigens were used (p < 0.05). We emphasize the need to introduce in the laboratory routine the search for neurocysticercosis (NC) in patients presenting with epileptic seizures because of the high risk of acquiring NC in our region and its potential cause of epilepsy.
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Mendonça RZ, Oliveira MID, Vaz-de-Lima LRDA, Mendonça RMZ, Andrade GP, Pereira CA, Hoshino-Shimizu S. Effect of cell culture system on the production of human viral antigens. JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PATOLOGIA E MEDICINA LABORATORIAL 2004. [DOI: 10.1590/s1676-24442004000300004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Ishida MMI, Rubinsky-Elefant G, Ferreira AW, Hoshino-Shimizu S, Vaz AJ. Helminth antigens (Taenia solium, Taenia crassiceps, Toxocara canis, Schistosoma mansoni and Echinococcus granulosus) and cross-reactivities in human infections and immunized animals. Acta Trop 2003; 89:73-84. [PMID: 14636985 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2003.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Helminth antigens were investigated in the search for accessible heterologous antigens capable to discriminate different helminthiases, by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the immunoblot assay (IB). Antigens used were: Taenia solium cysticercus total saline (Tso); Taenia crassiceps cysticercus vesicular fluid (Tcra-VF); T. crassiceps cysticercus glycoproteins (Tcra-GP and Tcra-(18-14)-GP); Toxocara canis larva excretory-secretory (TES); Schistosoma mansoni adult total saline (Sm) and Echinococcus granulosus hydatid fluid (Eg). The assayed sera were from patients with: cysticercosis (n = 18); toxocariasis (n = 40); schistosomiasis (n = 19) and hydatidosis (n = 50) with proven clinical and laboratory diagnosis, and sera from rabbits immunized with Tso, Tcra-VF, TES and Eg. Cross-reactivity occurred mostly between infections caused by Taenia and Echinococcus or in immunized rabbits, by ELISA. Moreover, the cross-reactivity among helminthiases was found with the use of antigens belonging to phylogenetically related parasite species, Eg, Tso and Tcra-VF, by sharing same antigenic components. Lower cross-reactivities were obtained by IB technique, when only peptides were considered as antigens, and the use of T. crassiceps purified glycoproteins demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of human cysticercosis, similarly to that using homologous antigen (Tso) by the same technique.
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Barbosa SFC, Hoshino-Shimizu S, Alkmin MDGA, Goto H. Implications of Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius hemagglutinins in the pathogenesis of Brazilian purpuric fever. J Infect Dis 2003; 188:74-80. [PMID: 12825174 DOI: 10.1086/375739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2002] [Accepted: 02/07/2003] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Brazilian purpuric fever (BPF) is an acute disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius; it is characterized by fever, purpura, and hypotensive shock and is usually fatal. The factors responsible for bacterial virulence and pathogenesis are poorly known. Hemagglutinins have been frequently associated with bacterial virulence, and, in the present study, hemagglutinating activity was detected in extracellular products from H. influenzae biogroup aegyptius strains isolated from patients with BPF. A 60-kilodalton (kDa) molecule absorbable by human O-type erythrocytes was identified by an immunoblot assay; a corresponding fraction was chromatographically purified, and its pathogenic effect was evaluated. Rabbits injected intravenously with either the whole bacterial extracellular product or the 60-kDa fraction showed reactions similar to those seen in patients with BPF: purpura, congestion, and fibrin thrombi in the inner organs. We suggest that this hemagglutinating factor is one of the major pathogenic components of BPF.
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Bassit L, Takei K, Hoshino-Shimizu S, Nishiya AS, Sabino EC, Bassitt RP, Focaccia R, D'Amico E, Chamone DF, Ribeiro-Dos-Santos G. New prevalence estimate of TT virus (TTV) infection in low- and high-risk population from São Paulo, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2002; 44:233-4. [PMID: 12219117 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652002000400010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of TT virus (TTV) infection was investigated by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in low- (blood donors and healthy children/adolescents) and high-risk (hemophiliacs) groups from São Paulo, Brazil. Primers based on the untranslated region (UTR) of the viral genome proved to be much more ubiquitous, leading to much higher frequencies for both groups (>or= 81%) than the earlier N22-PCR directed to the open reading frame 1 (blood donors, 5.5%, and hemophiliacs, 42.3%). The UTR-PCR also revealed an interesting profile for healthy children/adolescents: very high prevalence at the early years and significant decrease in male teenagers. The N22-PCR, in turn, demonstrated higher frequency in hemophiliacs treated with fresh blood products (58%), than in those treated with virus-inactivated clotting factors (9.4%) and blood donors (5.5%).
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Hoshino-Shimizu S, Vaz-de-Lima LRDA, Oliveira MID, Pereira CA, Moura AD, Mendonça RZ. Measles serodiagnosis: production and evaluation of the IgM-measles ELISA IAL reagent. Braz J Microbiol 2001. [DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822001000100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Atobe JH, Hirata MH, Hoshino-Shimizu S, Schmal MR, Mamizuka EM. One-step heminested PCR for amplification of Neisseria meningitidis DNA in cerebrospinal fluid. J Clin Lab Anal 2000; 14:193-9. [PMID: 10906773 PMCID: PMC6807792 DOI: 10.1002/1098-2825(2000)14:4<193::aid-jcla9>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A one-step polymerase chain reaction (Heminested-PCR) was designed to target the 16S rRNA fragment simultaneously using a set of primers for the universal bacterial group and a Neisseria meningitidis species-specific sequence for diagnostic purposes. The diagnostic features of the Heminested-PCR were evaluated in the study of 168 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from 84 patients with a N. meningitidis infection, meningitis caused by unrelated bacteria and other etiologies (57 patients), or suspicious cases (27 patients) with clinical symptoms of bacterial meningitis but with negative results from bacteriological procedures. About 90% of patients with bacterial meningitis, including those suspicious cases, had prior antibiotic therapy. The sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values found in relation to culture and/or microscopy were 91.7, 100, 100, 100, and 90.5%, respectively. In patients suspected of having bacterial meningitis, the Heminested-PCR revealed 51.9% (14 patients) positive for N. meningitidis infection and 40.7% (11 patients) positive for unrelated bacterial infections. The agreement of the Heminested-PCR with culture and/or microscopy was high and ranked as almost perfect (kappa indices > 0.856), in contrast to its agreement with other techniques. These findings speak in favor of the molecular diagnosis of meningococcal meningitis in patients who are culture- and/or microscopy-negative, due to their prior antibiotic treatment.
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da Matta VL, Hoshino-Shimizu S, Dietze R, Corbett CE. Detection of specific antibody isotypes and subtypes before and after treatment of American visceral leishmaniasis. J Clin Lab Anal 2000; 14:5-12. [PMID: 10645978 PMCID: PMC6807925 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2825(2000)14:1<5::aid-jcla2>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/1999] [Accepted: 09/20/1999] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Sera from patients with American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) were studied before and after treatment based on their antibody isotypes and subtypes. The study was comprised of 33 Brazilian patients with well-defined diagnosis of AVL and 39 clinically healthy individuals. Antileishmanial antibody isotypes and subtypes were observed in almost all patients, except IgA that was detected in about 63% of them. The sensitivity and specificity of the immunofluorescence assay in the detection of antibody isotypes (IgG and IgM) and subtypes (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4) were high with no statistical difference, ranging from 0.937 to 1.000 and from 0.954 to 1.000, respectively. All IgG antibodies and its subtypes had their levels reduced after treatment. However, the IgG4 had an early decay and its conversion to negative was significantly high in children. Moreover, the profile of IgG4 before treatment corresponded to a unimodal curve that shifted to a patent bimodal curve after treatment, indicative of therapeutic success. Thus, the IgG4 shows to be a suitable immunological marker for the assessment of chemotherapy in AVL patients or communities. Our findings suggest that IgG4 correlates with IL-4 that also decreases after therapy.
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Abanto SMH, Hirata MH, Hirata RD, Mamizuka EM, Schmal M, Hoshino-Shimizu S. Evaluation of Henes-PCR assay forMycobacteriumdetection in different clinical specimens from patients with or without tuberculosis-associated HIV infection. J Clin Lab Anal 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1098-2825(2000)14:5<238::aid-jcla7>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Campanhã MT, Hoshino-Shimizu S, Baquerizo Martinez M. Urinary tract infection: detection of Escherichia coli antigens in human urine with an ELIEDA immunoenzymatic assay. Rev Panam Salud Publica 1999; 6:89-94. [PMID: 10574009 DOI: 10.1590/s1020-49891999000700002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is the most common causative agent of urinary tract infection (UTI), and diagnosing this infection usually relies on bacteriologic methods. Nevertheless, screening methods can be useful for a rapid presumptive diagnosis even though some of these screening methods have low sensitivity or are expensive. To investigate a possible new alternative approach, an antigen-based immunoassay--enzyme-linked immunoelectrodiffusion assay (ELIEDA)--was standardized for screening for this bacterial infection. Combining counter-immunoelectrophoresis with an immunoenzymatic assay, the ELIEDA requires concentrated urine specimens, a cellulose acetate membrane, polyclonal antibodies to E. coli raised in rabbits, and peroxidase-labeled sheep antibodies to rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG). This ELIEDA technique was evaluated using 244 urine specimens, 76 of them with E. coli, 47 with heterologous bacteria, and 121 without bacteria. In comparison to bacteriologic methods, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for the ELIEDA were 93.4%, 98.2%, 95.9%, and 97.1%, respectively. The data obtained suggest that this assay is useful for routine diagnostic screening for UTI caused by E. coli. In addition, since the ELIEDA stained membranes can be stored, this assay makes retrospective studies possible.
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Rubinsky-Elefant G, Hoshino-Shimizu S, Mamizuka EM, Asciutti MM. Improvement of the indirect hemagglutination test for the detection of antibodies to Streptococcus pyogenes. Braz J Med Biol Res 1998; 31:1081-9. [PMID: 9777015 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x1998000800008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An indirect hemagglutination test for a seroepidemiological survey of Streptococcus pyogenes infection was standardized. This is an improved modification of the indirect hemagglutination test which utilizes an unstable reagent prepared with fresh blood cells. Two types of bacterial antigens represented by extracellular products and purified streptolysin O were assayed, but only the former antigen gave good results. Pretreatment of the bacterial antigen with 0.15 M NaOH and neutralization to pH 5.5, as well as postfixation of sensitized red cells with 0.1% glutaraldehyde at 56 degrees C for 30 min were found to be essential to give long stability to the reagent in liquid suspension, at least 9 months at 4 degrees C. A total of 564 serum samples with high, moderate and low anti-streptolysin O antibodies as determined by the neutralization assay were studied by the indirect hemagglutination test using the new reagent. The sensitivity, specificity, efficiency, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the test in relation to the neutralization assay were 0.950, 0.975, 0.963, 0.973, and 0.955, respectively. The kappa agreement index between the two techniques was high (0.926) and ranked as "almost perfect". Antibody levels detected by both techniques also presented a high positive correlation (rs = 0.726). Five reagent batches successively produced proved to be reproducible. Thus, the improved indirect hemagglutination test seems to be useful for public health laboratories.
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Gargione C, Vellosa SA, Hoshino-Shimizu S, Okumura M, Chiodelle SG. Immunosuppression and parasitic diseases: experimental Schistosomiasis mansoni. REVISTA DO HOSPITAL DAS CLINICAS 1998; 53:122-8. [PMID: 10436644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyclosporin A is an immunosuppressive agent of clinical relevance and also possesses a potent antiparasitic effect. In organ transplants and tissue grafts, this agent is frequently used in combination with hydrocortisone. Thus the reciprocal effects of these immunosuppressants on experimental Schistosomiasis mansoni were studied. Mice were subcutaneously inoculated with Schistosoma mansoni cercariae, and infected animals which were treated or not with oxaminiquine were subsequently immunosuppressed or not. Potentially fatal exacerbations of parasitemia and parasitism were observed in immunosuppressed animals, in contrast to control animals, suggesting that in transplanted patients an adverse Schistosomiasis may be evolved. Despite the prominent immunomodulation effect, these drugs showed a moderate antiparasitic effect, complementing the schistosomicidal activity of oxamniquine. This effect also seems favorable in the antischistosomal treatment of transplanted patients with S. mansoni infection.
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Kanamura HY, Hoshino-Shimizu S, Kimura RT, Matsumoto TK, da Silva LC, Lima DM, Abrantes-Lemos CP. Decay of antibody isotypes against early developmental stages of Schistosoma mansoni after treatment of schistosomiasis patients. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1997; 39:271-7. [PMID: 9661305 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46651997000500005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies to a number of parasite antigens are found in schistosomiasis patients, and antibodies to early developmental stages were demonstrated to be efficient immunologic markers for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis. In the present study, decay patterns of IgM and IgG antibodies against cercariae and schistosomula were investigated, in comparison to antibodies against worms and eggs in schistosomiasis patients after chemotherapy, for an investigation of seroepidemiologic aspects. Data obtained in the study of 359 serum samples from patients with Schistosoma mansoni infection, noninfected individuals, and patients followed-up for a period of 12 to 15 months after treatment provided the basis to postulate a general pattern for the kinetics of antibody decay. Before treatment, the antibody pattern was represented by a unimodal curve, which shifted to a bimodal curve after treatment, and ended with a unimodal curve similar to that for the noninfected group. Different types of antibodies were classified into four categories according to their decay features, and anti-schistosomulum IgM was classified into the moderate-decay category, whereas other antibodies to early parasite stages were classified into the slow-decay category. The present methodology permits the identification of the most suitable antibodies to be detected in field control programs for schistosomiasis or other parasitoses.
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Mendes RP, Hoshino-Shimizu S, Moura da Silva AM, Mota I, Heredia RA, Luquetti AO, Leser PG. Serological diagnosis of Chagas' disease: a potential confirmatory assay using preserved protein antigens of Trypanosoma cruzi. J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35:1829-34. [PMID: 9196203 PMCID: PMC229851 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.35.7.1829-1834.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of Chagas' disease relies mostly on data provided by immunologic tests, but inconclusive results often require elucidation, especially in blood banks. When six different types of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigote antigens were studied by an immunoblotting assay (IBA), a preserved protein antigen (Ag PP) was found to present the most interesting immunochemical features because of its high reactivity with anti-T. cruzi antibodies. Thus, the IBA with Ag PP (PP IBA) was assessed with panels of coded and noncoded serum samples prepared in different laboratories, including the Brazilian Reference Laboratory for Chagas' Disease. It was found that serum samples from patients proved (clinically, eletrocardiographically, serologically, and epidemiologically) to have Chagas' disease consistently recognized 12 bands (140, 100, 85, 78, 59, 57, 46, 35, 27, 23, 20, and 18 kDa) of Ag PP. In contrast, sera from nonchagasic patients, including patients with mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, were negative or reacted weakly, and one serum sample did not have more than five different bands. These bands were 78, 57, 46, 35, 27, 23, 20, or 18 kDa. A criterion was adopted to interpret the results obtained in the PP IBA. The criterion considered positive a serum sample recognizing all 12 bands and considered negative a serum sample that did not recognize any of the bands except the eight nonspecific bands mentioned above. The PP IBA indicated maximum sensitivity and specificity as well as high positive and negative predictive values. The data demonstrate that the PP IBA discriminates chagasic from nonchagasic infections and seems to be applicable as a confirmatory assay for elucidating inconclusive results obtained by standard serology.
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Andrade GP, Lima LR, Hoshino-Shimizu S, Oliveira MI, Mendonça RZ, Hársi CM, Stewien KE. Humoral immunity patterns based on antibody reactivity to rotavirus antigens in Brazilian children under 5 years of age. J Med Virol 1996; 49:212-7. [PMID: 8818967 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9071(199607)49:3<212::aid-jmv9>3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The age distribution of antibody to simian rotavirus (SA-11) was studied in serum specimens obtained from 399 children aged to 5 years and living in the city of Recife (PE), located in the north eastern region of Brazil. Sera were examined for group-specific rotavirus antibody using a blocking enzyme immunoassay (bELISA) and a hemagglutination inhibition antibody (HIA) test, and for anti-VP2, anti-VP4, anti-VP6, and anti-VP7 antibodies using an immunoblotting assay (IBA). Antibody prevalence was similar in all bELISA and HIA assays, showing a steep rise in the 6-to 17-month-old age groups. The results indicate early acquisition of antibody to rotavirus. The majority of children aged 2 to 4 years had bELISA (50% to 60%) and HIA (70% to 81%) antibodies. There was an association in prevalence data obtained by HIA and bELISA with immunoblotting (IBA), revealing four serologic profiles. Children with profiles I and II (60%) respectively had HAI and ELISA antibody or HAI antibody alone and all had immunoprotective antibodies to VP4 and/or VP7. These children were regarded as "immune," resembling convalescent patients with a rotavirus infection. Children with profile III (4%) had no HIA antibody and only non-protective anti-VP6 and/or VP7 antibody, and were considered to be "partially immune." Children with profile IV (36%) had no detectable antibody and were classified as "nonimmune." These children should be considered to be susceptible to rotavirus infection, with the risk of developing clinically severe diarrhea.
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Barbosa SF, Nakamura PM, Hoshino-Shimizu S. Detection of antibody isotypes to streptolysin O by dot ELISA. Braz J Med Biol Res 1996; 29:763-7. [PMID: 9070388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of antibody isotypes (IgG, IgA and IgM) to streptolysin O was determined by dot ELISA in 222 serum samples from patients with different levels of anti-streptolysin O (SLO) antibodies as measured by the neutralizing assay (NA), from patients with diseases not related to nonsuppurative complications of Streptococcus pyogenes infection, and from clinically healthy individuals. Immunoglobulin G antibodies were found in 72% of sera from patients with SLO antibodies higher than 333 Todd units (TU), and IgA antibodies were also detected in 53%, but no IgM antibodies were demonstrable. High copositivity (0.94), conegativity (0.97), and positive (0.96) and negative (0.96) predictive values were observed when IgG and IgA findings were combined. The dot ELISA gave highly reproducible results. The present data suggest that the assay may be of practical value for routine detection of SLO antibodies when employed with an anti-human immunoglobulin light chain peroxidase conjugate.
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Nagasse-Sugahara TK, Hoshino-Shimizu S, Pagliarini RC, Celeste BJ. Improvement of the slide hemagglutination test for rapid Chagas' disease screening in epidemiological surveys. Braz J Med Biol Res 1996; 29:623-8. [PMID: 9033812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A slide hemagglutination test, here called SHAT, which is practical and economical for seroepidemiological surveys was standardized. This is an improved modification of the rapid hemagglutination test (RHA) which utilizes a short-lived reagent prepared with fresh blood cells. The reagent and conditions of the test were considerably modified and, most importantly, an alkaline-solubilized Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigote antigen reagent is proposed. The stability of the SHAT reagent was at least one year at 4 degrees C, in an appropriate liquid suspension. The SHAT was applied to 71 serum samples from patients with Chagas' disease and from 235 clinically healthy blood donors. Sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values for the selected cutoff titer corresponding to 1:4 dilution were 0.972 (0.903-0.992), 0.983 (0.957-0.993), 0.945 (0.867-0.979) and 0.991 (0.969-0.998), respectively. These values were comparable to those found for the RHA, immunofluorescence (IFT), indirect hemagglutination (IHAT) and complement fixation (CFT) tests. These data suggest that the SHAT should be useful for seroepidemiological surveys conducted at public health laboratories in developing countries.
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Sasaki AT, Hoshino-Shimizu S, Nakamura PM, Vaz AJ, Camargo ED, da Silva MV. [Serodiagnosis of Chagas disease: new reagent for the indirect hemagglutination test (THAI(IAL))]. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 1996; 29:137-44. [PMID: 8713605 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86821996000200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A new reagent was designed to the indirect hemagglutination test (IHATIAL), utilizing goose red blood cells as inert matrix and standardized for the field diagnosis of American trypanosomiasis. The objective was to substitute the lyophilized or frozen reagent of IHAT produced routinely using human erythrocytes in the Adolfo Lutz Institute (São Paulo/Brazil). The standardized reagent presented a long stability in liquid suspension, and was evaluated in 137 serum samples from patient with and without Chagas' disease, by IHATIAL. The diagnostic performance of this test was similar to the IHAT utilizing human erythrocytes and to that of a commercial IHAT kit. The sensitivity was 1.00, specificity 0.98, predictive value of positive 0.96 and of negative 1.00. Different batches of reagent successively produced proved to be reproducible in a quality control method. The new reagent is more economic than the former reagent, it can be produced easily and may be applicable to the seroepidemiologic studies.
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Lima DM, Abrantes-Lemos CP, Hoshino-Shimizu S, Valli LP, Kanamura HH, da Silva LC, Vellosa SA. [Immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis mansoni with a low parasitic load]. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 1996; 29:145-52. [PMID: 8713606 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86821996000200007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Presently, the schistosomiasis mansoni with low worm burden is frequent, thus immunologic assays of interest for the field diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni light infections were evaluated here. Assays not assessed before (group I) and those requiring better validation (group II) for the screening of light infections were included in this study. In the group I, the immunofluorescence assays for the detection of IgM antibodies to worm antigens (IgM IFAw) and IgG antibodies to egg antigens (IgG IFAe) gave high levels of sensitivity, specificity, efficiency and predictive value of positive. However, the immunoenzymatic assays for the detection of IgM antibodies to worm antigens (IgM ELISAw) and to egg antigens (IgM ELISAe) had lower levels than the former assays. The assays from the group II designed mostly for the detection of IgG antibodies to same parasite antigens showed good diagnostic performance. The data obtained here contributed to evidenciate at least three category of immunoassays, and we concluded that those from the category I are suitable for seroepidemiologic purposes by keeping their diagnostic features unchanged even varying significantly the intensity of S. mansoni infection.
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Leal-Bacelar GM, Kanamura HY, Hoshino-Shimizu S, Lima DM, Abrantes-Lemos CP, da Silva LC. Evaluation of the enzyme-linked-immuno-electro-diffusion-assay (ELIEDA) for the diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni infection with low worm burden. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1995; 37:123-7. [PMID: 7481467 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46651995000200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
An immunoprecipitation technique, ELIEDA (enzyme-linked-immuno-electro-diffusion assay), was evaluated for the diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni infection with low worm burden. One hundred of serum samples from patients excreting less than 600 eggs per gram of feces (epg), with unrelated diseases and clinically healthy subjects were studied. In patients with egg counts higher than 200 epg, the sensitivities of IgM and IgG ELIEDA were 1,000 and 0.923, respectively, not differing from other serologic techniques, such as indirect hemaglutination (IHAT), immunofluorescence (IFT) tests and immuno-electrodiffusion assay (IEDA). However in patients with low egg counts (< 100 epg), the IgG ELIEDA provided better results (0.821) than IgM ELIEDA (0.679), showing sensitivity that did not differ from that of IgG IFT (0.929), but lower than that of IgM IFT (0.964). However, its sensitivity was higher than that found with IHAT (0.607) and IEDA (0.536). The specificity of IgG ELIEDA was comparable to that of other techniques. The data indicate that IgG ELIEDA might be useful for the diagnosis of slight S. mansoni infections, and the cellulose acetate membrane strips can be stored for further retrospective studies.
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Costa-Cruz JM, Hoshino-Shimizu S, Ferreira AW, Camargo ME, de Brito T, da Silva LC. Schistosoma mansoni circulating polysaccharide and protein antigens recognized by sheep antisera in patients with different clinical forms of schistosomiasis before and after treatment. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1994; 36:321-5. [PMID: 7732262 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46651994000400004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Two sheep antisera, one of which raised against polysaccharide (Po) and other against protein (Pt) components of Schistosoma mansoni adult worms, were assessed by ELISA for their ability to detect circulating parasite antigens in patients with different clinical forms of chronic schistosomiasis mansoni. The former antiserum detected parasite antigens in liver granulomata and the latter in renal glomeruli from schistosomiasis patients and mice experimentally infected with S. mansoni. In general, the levels and/or positivity rate of circulating antigens and specific IgG antibodies were significantly higher in patients with hepatointestinal (HI) and hepatosplenic (HS) forms than in mild intestinal (I) forms. An association between Po antigens and clinical features of the disease was observed, as the level of these antigens was low (137 ng/ml) as well as the positivity rate (7.9%) in patients with I forms; values that were intermediate (593 ng/ml and 33.3%) in those with HI forms, and high (1.563 ng/ml and 50.0%) in more severe HS forms. The Pt antigens were detected in the studied clinical forms not differing statistically but, the positivity rate was significantly higher in HS forms comparatively to I forms. The antisera studied revealed distinct circulating antigen profiles, and the prognostic value of Po and Pt antigens was suggested.
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Mendonça RZ, Vaz-de-Lima LR, Oliveira MI, Pereira CA, Hoshino-Shimizu S. Studies on the efficiency of measles virus antigen production using VERO cell culture in a microcarrier system. Braz J Med Biol Res 1994; 27:1575-87. [PMID: 7874024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
1. A large amount of antigen is required to conduct seroepidemiologic surveys of measles. Thus, a process to obtain measles virus antigen using a bioreactor was standardized. 2. The virus was grown in a 3.7-1 culture of VERO cells using a Celligen cell culture system containing 2 mg/ml of microcarriers (cytodex I) at 37 degrees C and 60 rpm. The cultures infected with 0.5 m.o.i. of measles virus were harvested after the appearance of the cytopathic effect. The virus suspension was clarified and concentrated by ultracentrifugation. Intracellular and extracellular virus titers were determined by hemagglutination (HA) and by induction of a cytopathic effect in cell culture (TCID50). 3. Intracellular virus presented 5-7 x 10(6) TCID50/0.1 ml, HA activity per 50 microliters equal to 32, with a total HA activity of 4,480 HA units (HAU) and specific activity of 116 HAU/mg. In the concentrated supernatants, the HA titer of extracellular virus was 64, with a total HA activity of 1,024 HAU and a specific activity of 1,600 HAU/mg. 4. The antigen obtained was suitable for the detection of antibodies against measles virus in assays such as ELISA and DOT-ELISA (using 1 micrograms/well to ELISA and 2 micrograms/DOT). 5. The microcarrier system produced antigen sufficient for 26 ELISAs/ml compared to 5.7 ELISAs/ml obtained for the static culture system.
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Lissaldo AM, Hoshino-Shimizu S, Umezawa ES, Stolf AM. Alkaline soluble Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigote antigen (ASEA) applied to Dot-ELISA. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1994; 36:163-6. [PMID: 7997793 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46651994000200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The alkaline soluble Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigote antigen (ASEA) was assessed in dot-ELISA for the diagnosis of Chagas' disease. Serum samples (355) from chagasic and non-chagasic patients were studied, and IgG antibodies to ASEA were found in all patients with chronic Chagas' disease. In non-chagasic patients 95.6% were negative, except for those with leishmaniasis (visceral and mucocutaneous), and some patients from control group reacted in low titers. The data indicate that dot-ELISA using ASEA is suitable for seroepidemiologic surveys to be employed in endemic areas for Chagas' disease.
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