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Onishi T, Nonaka M, Maruno T, Yamaguchi Y, Fukuhara M, Torisu T, Maeda M, Abbatiello S, Haris A, Richardson K, Giles K, Preece S, Yamano-Adachi N, Omasa T, Uchiyama S. Enhancement of recombinant adeno-associated virus activity by improved stoichiometry and homogeneity of capsid protein assembly. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 31:101142. [PMID: 38027055 PMCID: PMC10663676 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.101142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Studies of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) revealed the mixture of full particles with different densities in rAAV. There are no conclusive results because of the lack of quantitative stoichiometric viral proteins, encapsidated DNA, and particle level analyses. We report the first comprehensive characterization of low- and high-density rAAV serotype 2 particles. Capillary gel electrophoresis showed high-density particles possessing a designed DNA encapsidated in the capsid composed of (VP1 + VP2)/VP3 = 0.27, whereas low-density particles have the same DNA but with a different capsid composition of (VP1 + VP2)/VP3 = 0.31, supported by sedimentation velocity-analytical ultracentrifugation and charge detection-mass spectrometry. In vitro analysis demonstrated that the low-density particles had 8.9% higher transduction efficacy than that of the particles before fractionation. Further, based on our recent findings of VP3 clip, we created rAAV2 single amino acid variants of the transcription start methionine of VP3 (M203V) and VP3 clip (M211V). The rAAV2-M203V variant had homogeneous particles with higher (VP1+VP2)/VP3 values (0.35) and demonstrated 24.7% higher transduction efficacy compared with the wild type. This study successfully provided highly functional rAAV by the extensive fractionation from the mixture of rAAV2 full particles or by the single amino acid replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Onishi
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Michika Nonaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takahiro Maruno
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- U-Medico Inc, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Fukuhara
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- U-Medico Inc, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Torisu
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaharu Maeda
- Osaka Consolidated Laboratory, Manufacturing Technology Association of Biologics, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | | | - Keith Richardson
- Waters Corporation (Micromass UK Ltd), Stamford Avenue, Altrincham Road, Wilmslow SK9 4AX, UK
| | | | - Steve Preece
- Waters Corporation (Micromass UK Ltd), Stamford Avenue, Altrincham Road, Wilmslow SK9 4AX, UK
| | - Noriko Yamano-Adachi
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takeshi Omasa
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Susumu Uchiyama
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Yang Z, Arja RD, Zhu T, Sarkis GA, Patterson RL, Romo P, Rathore DS, Moghieb A, Abbatiello S, Robertson CS, Haskins WE, Kobeissy F, Wang KKW. Characterization of Calpain and Caspase-6-Generated Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Breakdown Products Following Traumatic Brain Injury and Astroglial Cell Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8960. [PMID: 36012232 PMCID: PMC9409281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the major intermediate filament III protein of astroglia cells which is upregulated in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Here we reported that GFAP is truncated at both the C- and N-terminals by cytosolic protease calpain to GFAP breakdown products (GBDP) of 46-40K then 38K following pro-necrotic (A23187) and pro-apoptotic (staurosporine) challenges to primary cultured astroglia or neuron-glia mixed cells. In addition, with another pro-apoptotic challenge (EDTA) where caspases are activated but not calpain, GFAP was fragmented internally, generating a C-terminal GBDP of 20 kDa. Following controlled cortical impact in mice, GBDP of 46-40K and 38K were formed from day 3 to 28 post-injury. Purified GFAP protein treated with calpain-1 and -2 generates (i) major N-terminal cleavage sites at A-56*A-61 and (ii) major C-terminal cleavage sites at T-383*Q-388, producing a limit fragment of 38K. Caspase-6 treated GFAP was cleaved at D-78/R-79 and D-225/A-226, where GFAP was relatively resistant to caspase-3. We also derived a GBDP-38K N-terminal-specific antibody which only labels injured astroglia cell body in both cultured astroglia and mouse cortex and hippocampus after TBI. As a clinical translation, we observed that CSF samples collected from severe human TBI have elevated levels of GBDP-38K as well as two C-terminally released GFAP peptides (DGEVIKES and DGEVIKE). Thus, in addition to intact GFAP, both the GBDP-38K as well as unique GFAP released C-terminal proteolytic peptides species might have the potential in tracking brain injury progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Yang
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- The Departments of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Rawad Daniel Arja
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- The Departments of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Tian Zhu
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- The Departments of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - George Anis Sarkis
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- The Departments of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- National Laboratory, Biological Sciences Division/Integrative Omics, Pacific Northwest, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Robert Logan Patterson
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Pammela Romo
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Disa S. Rathore
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Ahmed Moghieb
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- The Departments of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- National Laboratory, Biological Sciences Division/Integrative Omics, Pacific Northwest, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Susan Abbatiello
- The Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - William E. Haskins
- Gryphon Bio, Inc., 611 Gateway Blvd. Suite 120 #253, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- The Departments of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Kevin K. W. Wang
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- The Departments of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Gryphon Bio, Inc., 611 Gateway Blvd. Suite 120 #253, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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Addona T, Abbatiello S, Carr SA. From Skepticism to Embrace: The Role of Targeted Mass Spectrometry in Validating Proteomics. Clin Chem 2021; 66:973-974. [PMID: 32628755 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvaa111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan Abbatiello
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University Boston, MA
| | - Steven A Carr
- Proteomics Group, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
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Galitzine C, Egertson JD, Abbatiello S, Henderson CM, Pino LK, MacCoss M, Hoofnagle AN, Vitek O. Nonlinear Regression Improves Accuracy of Characterization of Multiplexed Mass Spectrometric Assays. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:913-924. [PMID: 29438992 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The need for assay characterization is ubiquitous in quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Among many assay characteristics, the limit of blank (LOB) and limit of detection (LOD) are two particularly useful figures of merit. LOB and LOD are determined by repeatedly quantifying the observed intensities of peptides in samples with known peptide concentrations and deriving an intensity versus concentration response curve. Most commonly, a weighted linear or logistic curve is fit to the intensity-concentration response, and LOB and LOD are estimated from the fit. Here we argue that these methods inaccurately characterize assays where observed intensities level off at low concentrations, which is a common situation in multiplexed systems. This manuscript illustrates the deficiencies of these methods, and proposes an alternative approach based on nonlinear regression that overcomes these inaccuracies. We evaluated the performance of the proposed method using computer simulations and using eleven experimental data sets acquired in Data-Independent Acquisition (DIA), Parallel Reaction Monitoring (PRM), and Selected Reaction Monitoring (SRM) mode. When the intensity levels off at low concentrations, the nonlinear model changes the estimates of LOB/LOD upwards, in some data sets by 20-40%. In absence of a low concentration intensity leveling off, the estimates of LOB/LOD obtained with nonlinear statistical modeling were identical to those of weighted linear regression. We implemented the nonlinear regression approach in the open-source R-based software MSstats, and advocate its general use for characterization of mass spectrometry-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Galitzine
- From the ‡College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Jarrett D Egertson
- §Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | | | - Clark M Henderson
- ‖Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Lindsay K Pino
- §Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Michael MacCoss
- §Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Andrew N Hoofnagle
- ‖Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195.,**Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Olga Vitek
- From the ‡College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; .,‡‡College of Computer and Information Science, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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Abbatiello S, Ackermann BL, Borchers C, Bradshaw RA, Carr SA, Chalkley R, Choi M, Deutsch E, Domon B, Hoofnagle AN, Keshishian H, Kuhn E, Liebler DC, MacCoss M, MacLean B, Mani DR, Neubert H, Smith D, Vitek O, Zimmerman L. New Guidelines for Publication of Manuscripts Describing Development and Application of Targeted Mass Spectrometry Measurements of Peptides and Proteins. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:327-328. [PMID: 28183812 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.e117.067801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Abbatiello
- From the ‡Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Steven A Carr
- From the ‡Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts;
| | | | - Meena Choi
- ¶¶Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eric Deutsch
- ‖‖Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington
| | - Bruno Domon
- Luxembourg Clinical Proteomics Center, Luxembourg
| | | | - Hasmik Keshishian
- From the ‡Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Eric Kuhn
- From the ‡Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - D R Mani
- From the ‡Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Derek Smith
- ‖University of Victoria, Victoria, British Colombia
| | - Olga Vitek
- ¶¶Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
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Abelin JG, Patel J, Lu X, Feeney CM, Fagbami L, Creech AL, Hu R, Lam D, Davison D, Pino L, Qiao JW, Kuhn E, Officer A, Li J, Abbatiello S, Subramanian A, Sidman R, Snyder E, Carr SA, Jaffe JD. Reduced-representation Phosphosignatures Measured by Quantitative Targeted MS Capture Cellular States and Enable Large-scale Comparison of Drug-induced Phenotypes. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:1622-41. [PMID: 26912667 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.058354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Profiling post-translational modifications represents an alternative dimension to gene expression data in characterizing cellular processes. Many cellular responses to drugs are mediated by changes in cellular phosphosignaling. We sought to develop a common platform on which phosphosignaling responses could be profiled across thousands of samples, and created a targeted MS assay that profiles a reduced-representation set of phosphopeptides that we show to be strong indicators of responses to chemical perturbagens.To develop the assay, we investigated the coordinate regulation of phosphosites in samples derived from three cell lines treated with 26 different bioactive small molecules. Phosphopeptide analytes were selected from these discovery studies by clustering and picking 1 to 2 proxy members from each cluster. A quantitative, targeted parallel reaction monitoring assay was developed to directly measure 96 reduced-representation probes. Sample processing for proteolytic digestion, protein quantification, peptide desalting, and phosphopeptide enrichment have been fully automated, making possible the simultaneous processing of 96 samples in only 3 days, with a plate phosphopeptide enrichment variance of 12%. This highly reproducible process allowed ∼95% of the reduced-representation phosphopeptide probes to be detected in ∼200 samples.The performance of the assay was evaluated by measuring the probes in new samples generated under treatment conditions from discovery experiments, recapitulating the observations of deeper experiments using a fraction of the analytical effort. We measured these probes in new experiments varying the treatments, cell types, and timepoints to demonstrate generalizability. We demonstrated that the assay is sensitive to disruptions in common signaling pathways (e.g. MAPK, PI3K/mTOR, and CDK). The high-throughput, reduced-representation phosphoproteomics assay provides a platform for the comparison of perturbations across a range of biological conditions, suitable for profiling thousands of samples. We believe the assay will prove highly useful for classification of known and novel drug and genetic mechanisms through comparison of phosphoproteomic signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer G Abelin
- From the ‡Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St. Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Jinal Patel
- From the ‡Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St. Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Xiaodong Lu
- From the ‡Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St. Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Caitlin M Feeney
- From the ‡Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St. Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Lola Fagbami
- From the ‡Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St. Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Amanda L Creech
- From the ‡Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St. Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Roger Hu
- From the ‡Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St. Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Daniel Lam
- From the ‡Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St. Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Desiree Davison
- From the ‡Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St. Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Lindsay Pino
- From the ‡Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St. Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Jana W Qiao
- From the ‡Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St. Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Eric Kuhn
- From the ‡Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St. Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Adam Officer
- From the ‡Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St. Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Jianxue Li
- §Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215
| | - Susan Abbatiello
- From the ‡Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St. Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Aravind Subramanian
- From the ‡Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St. Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Richard Sidman
- §Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215
| | - Evan Snyder
- ¶Sanford-Burhnam Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Steven A Carr
- From the ‡Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St. Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Jacob D Jaffe
- From the ‡Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St. Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142;
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