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Comment on "Which fraction of stone wool fibre surface remains uncoated by binder? A detailed analysis by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy" by Hirth et al., 2021, RSC Adv., 11, 39545, DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06251d. RSC Adv 2023; 13:16688-16692. [PMID: 37274392 PMCID: PMC10236533 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07959c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The article mentioned in the title of this comment paper reports on an investigation of the organic binder presence and distribution on stone wool fibres with surface sensitive techniques (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), QUASES XPS modelling, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) mapping) and attempts to correlate the results with fibre performance in in vitro acellular biosolubility tests. However, the study has assumptions, hypothesis and results that do not take into account the recognised science and regulations on biopersistence of stone wool fibres, limitations of the utilized surface sensitive techniques and modelling approach and it contains a contradiction with biosolubility experiments. In this comment article, we discuss these points, propose improved QUASES XPS modelling and present recent ToF-SIMS mapping results that reflect biosolubility behaviour of the stone wool fibres.
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Determination of the Primary Excitation Spectra in XPS and AES. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:339. [PMID: 36678092 PMCID: PMC9865875 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews a procedure that allows for extracting primary photoelectron or Auger electron emissions from homogeneous isotropic samples. It is based on a quantitative dielectric description of the energy losses of swift electrons travelling nearby surfaces in presence of stationary positive charges. The theory behind the modeling of the electron energy losses, implemented in a freely available QUEELS-XPS software package, takes into account intrinsic and extrinsic effects affecting the electron transport. The procedure allows for interpretation of shake-up and multiplet structures on a quantitative basis. We outline the basic theory behind it and illustrate its capabilities with several case examples. Thus, we report on the angular dependence of the intrinsic and extrinsic Al 2s photoelectron emission from aluminum, the shake-up structure of the Ag 3d, Cu 2p, and Ce 3d photoelectron emission from silver, CuO and CeO2, respectively, and the quantification of the two-hole final states contributing to the L3M45M45 Auger electron emission of copper. These examples illustrate the procedure, that can be applied to any homogeneous isotropic material.
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XPS quantification with universal inelastic electron scattering cross section including intrinsic excitations. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.7142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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4
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QUEELS: Software to calculate the energy loss processes in TEELS, REELS, XPS, and AES including effects of the core hole. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.7095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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5
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Improved depth information from routine analysis of the inelastic background of XPS and HAXPES spectra using optimized two‐ and three‐parameter cross‐sections. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.7020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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6
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Inelastic electron scattering by the gas phase in near ambient pressure XPS measurements. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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7
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Determining nonuniformities of core‐shell nanoparticle coatings by analysis of the inelastic background of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy survey spectra. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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8
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Optical properties of molybdenum in the ultraviolet and extreme ultraviolet by reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:4527-4532. [PMID: 32400432 DOI: 10.1364/ao.391014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Optical properties of polycrystalline molybdenum are determined from ultraviolet up to extreme ultraviolet by reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy (REELS). Calculations are performed within the dielectric response theory by means of the quantitative analysis of electron energy losses at surfaces QUEELS-ϵ(k,ω)-REELS software [Surf. Interface Anal.36, 824 (2004)SIANDQ0142-242110.1002/sia.1774] that allows the simulation of inelastic scattering cross sections, using a parametric energy loss function describing the optical response of the material. From this energy loss function, the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function, the refractive index, and the extinction coefficient are deduced and compared with previously published results.
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Proliferation of Faulty Materials Data Analysis in the Literature. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2020; 26:1-2. [PMID: 31948499 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927619015332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
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10
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Universal inelastic electron scattering cross‐section including extrinsic and intrinsic excitations in XPS. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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11
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Theoretical study toward rationalizing inelastic background analysis of buried layers in
XPS
and
HAXPES. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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12
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XPS primary excitation spectra of Zn 2
p
, Fe 2
p
, and Ce 3
d
from ZnO, α‐Fe
2
O
3
, and CeO
2. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Optical properties and electronic transitions of zinc oxide, ferric oxide, cerium oxide, and samarium oxide in the ultraviolet and extreme ultraviolet. APPLIED OPTICS 2017; 56:6611-6621. [PMID: 29047953 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.006611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Optical properties and electronic transitions of four oxides, namely zinc oxide, ferric oxide, cerium oxide, and samarium oxide, are determined in the ultraviolet and extreme ultraviolet by reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy using primary electron energies in the range 0.3-2.0 keV. This technique allows the evaluation of the optical response in these ultraviolet spectral regions of a thin layer of material, and the analysis is straightforward. It is performed within the dielectric response theory by means of the QUEELS-ε(k, ω)-REELS software developed by Tougaard and Yubero [Surf. Interface Anal.36, 824 (2004)SIANDQ0142-242110.1002/(ISSN)1096-9918]. The method consists basically in the fitting of experimentally determined single-scattering electron energy loss cross sections with a parametric energy loss function of the corresponding material, to the one calculated within a dielectric response formalism. The obtained refractive index and extinction coefficients, as well as the identified electronic transitions are compared, when available, with previously published results.
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Band-Gap Widening at the Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 Surface: A Novel Determination Approach Using Reflection Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:21101-21105. [PMID: 27463021 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b06358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Using reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy (REELS), we have investigated the optical properties at the surface of a chalcopyrite-based Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGSSe) thin-film solar cell absorber, as well as an indium sulfide (InxSy) buffer layer before and after annealing. By fitting the characteristic inelastic scattering cross-section λK(E) to cross sections evaluated by the QUEELS-ε(k,ω)-REELS software package, we determine the surface dielectric function and optical properties of these samples. A comparison of the optical values at the surface of the InxSy film with bulk ellipsometry measurements indicates a good agreement between bulk- and surface-related optical properties. In contrast, the properties of the CIGSSe surface differ significantly from the bulk. In particular, a larger (surface) band gap than for bulk-sensitive measurements is observed, providing a complementary and independent confirmation of earlier photoelectron spectroscopy results. Finally, we derive the inelastic mean free path λ for electrons in InxSy, annealed InxSy, and CIGSSe at a kinetic energy of 1000 eV.
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Electronic and Optical Properties of Aluminum Oxide Before and After Surface Reduction by Ar<sup>+</sup> Bombardment. ATOM INDONESIA 2014. [DOI: 10.17146/aij.2014.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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19
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Inelastic background analysis of HAXPES spectra: towards enhanced bulk sensitivity in photoemission. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Three-dimensional X-ray photoelectron tomography on the nanoscale: limits of data processing by principal component analysis. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2013; 19:751-760. [PMID: 23597179 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927613000354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In a previous article, we studied the influence of spectral noise on a new method for three-dimensional X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (3D XPS) imaging, which is based on analysis of the XPS peak shape [Hajati, S., Tougaard, S., Walton, J. & Fairley, N. (2008). Surf Sci 602, 3064-3070]. Here, we study in more detail the influence of noise reduction by principal component analysis (PCA) on 3D XPS images of carbon contamination of a patterned oxidized silicon sample and on 3D XPS images of Ag covered by a nanoscale patterned octadiene layer. PCA is very efficient for noise reduction, and using only the three most significant PCA factors to reconstruct the spectra restores essentially all physical information in both the intensity and shape of the XPS spectra. The corresponding signal-to-noise improvement was estimated to be equivalent to a reduction by a factor of 200 in the required data acquisition time. A small additional amount of information is obtained by using up to five PCA factors, but due to the increased noise level, this information can only be extracted if the intensity of the start and end points for each spectrum are obtained as averages over several energy points.
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22
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Evaluation of robustness to surface conditions of the target factor analysis method for determining the dielectric function from reflection electron energy loss spectra: Application to GaAs. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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24
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Electronic and optical properties of Cu, CuO and Cu2O studied by electron spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2012; 24:175002. [PMID: 22475683 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/17/175002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The electronic and optical properties of Cu, CuO and Cu(2)O were studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and reflection electron energy-loss spectroscopy (REELS). We report detailed Cu 2p, Cu LVV, O 1s and O KLL spectra which are in good agreement with previous results. REELS spectra, recorded for primary energies in the range from 150 to 2000 eV, were corrected for multiple inelastically scattered electrons to determine the effective inelastic scattering cross section. The dielectric functions and optical properties were determined by comparing the experimental inelastic electron scattering cross section with a simulated cross section calculated within the semi-classical dielectric response model in which the only input is Im(-1/ε) by using the QUEELS-ε(k,ω)-REELS software package. By Kramers-Kronig transformation of the determined Im(-1/ε), the real and imaginary parts (ε(1) and ε(2)) of the dielectric function, and the refractive index n and extinction coefficient k were determined for Cu, CuO, and Cu(2)O in the 0-100 eV energy range. Observed differences between Cu, CuO and Cu(2)O are mainly due to modifications of the 3d and O 2p electron configurations.
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25
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Software package to calculate the effects of the core hole and surface excitations on XPS and AES. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.4855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Comparison between surface excitation parameter obtained from QUEELS and SESINIPAC. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.4829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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Reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy for ultrathin gate oxide materials. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.3861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Controlled adhesion of Salmonella Typhimurium
to poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate) grafts. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.3741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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29
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Band alignment and optical properties of (ZrO 2) 0.66(HfO 2) 0.34 gate dielectrics thin films on p-Si (100). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1384/jsa.17.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Electronic and optical properties of La-aluminate dielectric thin films on Si (100). SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.3590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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31
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Electronic and optical properties of GIZO thin film grown on SiO2/Si substrates. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.3364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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32
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33
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Energy loss function for Si determined from reflection electron energy loss spectra with factor analysis method. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.3263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Model for Monte Carlo simulations of reflection electron energy loss spectra applied to Silicon at energies between 300 and 2000 eV. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.3277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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35
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XPS for non-destructive depth profiling and 3D imaging of surface nanostructures. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 396:2741-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3401-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2009] [Revised: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Surface excitation parameter for 12 semiconductors and determination of a general predictive formula. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.3081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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37
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38
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39
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Harbour seal spatial distribution estimated from Argos satellite telemetry: overcoming positioning errors Jakob Tougaard1,*, Jonas Teilmann1, Svend Tougaard2. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2008. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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40
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Nondestructive quantitative XPS imaging of depth distribution of atoms on the nanoscale. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.2633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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41
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Calculation of the angular distribution of the surface excitation parameter for Ti, Fe, Cu, Pd, Ag, and Au. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.2650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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42
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Relatedness of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus strains isolated from harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) and grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) of various origins of the North Sea during 1988–2005. Vet Microbiol 2007; 121:158-62. [PMID: 17169506 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2006] [Revised: 11/09/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to identify 15 beta-hemolytic streptococci isolated during a period between 1988 and 2005 from nine harbour seals and six grey seals from various origins of the North Sea. All isolates were identified as Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. The bacteria were additionally investigated for relatedness by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR amplified 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region and gene szp and by macrorestriction analysis of chromosomal DNA of the strains by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. The molecular analysis yielded identical or closely related patterns within the strains of the present study and with the S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus strains isolated from harbour seals of German North Sea which were investigated previously [Akineden, O., Hassan, A.A., Alber, J., El-Sayed, A., Estoepangestie, A.T.S., Lämmler, C., Weiss, R., Siebert, U., 2005. Phenotypic and genotypic properties of S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus isolated from harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from the German North Sea during the phocine distemper outbreak in 2002. Vet. Microbiol. 110, 147-152]. This indicates that this single or closely related bacterial clone existed during both phocine distemper virus epidemics in 1988 and 2002 and that a direct transmission of the strains has occurred between two seal species and between seal populations of far distant regions possibly with grey seals as a vector.
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43
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Quantification and IMFP determination of multilayer Langmuir–Blodgett films by AFM and XPS measurements. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.2278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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44
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Intrinsic and extrinsic excitations in deep core photoelectron spectra of solid Ge. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.2134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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45
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Theoretical determination of the surface excitation parameter from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.2173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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46
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XPS for Quantitative Analysis of Surface Nano-structures. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS 2005; 11. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927605500229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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47
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QUEELS software package for calculation of surface effects in electron spectra. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.1774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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48
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49
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Use of QUASES™/XPS measurements to determine the oxide composition and thickness on an iron substrate. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.1842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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50
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Determination of amount of substance for nanometre-thin deposits: consistency between XPS, RBS and XRF quantification. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.1635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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