Sex cord tumour of the ovary with annular tubules (SCTAT)

Two cases of sex cord tumour of the ovary with annular tubules were diagnosed in African females of 23 and 57 years. In one case it was associated with the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and with Stein-Leventhal ovaries whilst in the other case, pigmentation of the oral mucosa was present but without demonstrable polyposis of the intestine. The patient with the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome presented with primary sterility whilst the other patient had a normal menstrual and obstetric history. Signs of virilization were not found in either case. The previously reported literature is reviewed and discussed.

ENT Manifestations in Patients Suffering from COVID-19: Study from a COVID Hospital in North India

Introduction  COVID-19 has been one of the worst pandemics faced by the human civilization, and otorhinolaryngological manifestations are commonly seen in this disease.

Objective  The present study was done to profile the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) manifestations in patients diagnosed with COVID-19. An attempt has also been made to assess whether there was any difference between the symptoms of different strains of COVID-19. A brief review of the current knowledge of the transmission of the disease and its treatment has also been done.

Methods  A cross-sectional, record-based study was conducted in a COVID hospital of India between May and July 2020. Descriptive statistics were used and appropriate parametric/nonparametric tests were applied to assess the association between various variables.

Results  Out of 250 patients, 80 cases were asymptomatic and 170 were symptomatic. Most of the symptomatic patients had sore throat and nasal congestion.

Conclusion  Knowledge of the ENT manifestations of COVID-19 is essential for its early identification and to devise appropriate prevention protocols for the benefit of health care workers (HCWs) and of the general population.

Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography in Case of Biliary Obstruction Comparing Post-operative Findings: A Study of 50 Cases

Complete assessment of obstructive jaundice requires the use of various imaging modalities that are required to detect the cause and level of obstruction thus helping in treatment planning. Magnetic Resonance Cholangio Pancreatography (MRCP) is a current available technology which is a non-invasive technique that visualizes the gallbladder, biliary tree and pancreatic duct and also provides information about surrounding structures. This study was done to correlate the MRCP findings with post-operative result and thereby demonstrate the specificity, sensitivity and efficacy of MRCP as an accurate investigatory tool for biliary obstruction. Total of fifty (50) patients of clinically diagnosed obstructive jaundice were studied from March 2017 to August 2017 in the Department of Radiology and Imaging, Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. In all these cases, USG was the initial screening investigation followed by MRCP. Cause and level of obstruction were evaluated using MRCP findings. MRCP results were correlated with surgical findings and few cases also with direct ERCP findings. Statistical analysis was done to see the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive values of MRCP in diagnosis of biliary obstruction. In this study, USG detected level of obstruction in 56% (28 out of 50) cases. USG could detect causes of obstruction in 100% (02 out of 02) cases of choledocal cyst and 66.67% (02 out of 03) benign stricture, 60% (03 out of 05) cases of periampullary carcinoma, 57.70% (06 out of 14) cases of choledocholithiasis, and 42.86% (15 out of 26) cases of cholangiocarcinoma. On the other hand, MRCP detected level of obstruction in 98% (49 out of 50) cases. MRCP could detect causes of obstruction in 100% cases of cholangiocarcinoma, choledocholithiasis, benign stricture and choledocal cyst and 80% (04 out of 05) cases of periampullary carcinoma. In this study, ERCP could detect causes of obstruction in 32 cases of choledocholithiasis and benign stricture, but in case of cholangiocarcinoma ERCP was failed in 3 cases. In this study, for detection of cause of obstruction, ERCP had the highest sensitivity (97.79%); followed by MRCP (96.65%) and USG (60.25%). The overall diagnostic accuracy for detection of cause of obstruction was the highest for ERCP (95.50%); followed by MRCP (94.50%) and USG (64.50%). MRCP can be done in a short duration and is a noninvasive diagnostic modality compared to ERCP. MRCP needs to be advocated as a viable and non-invasive alternative with compararable sensitivity and specificity to ERCP.