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Abstract
Traditional tobacco products have well-known systemic and local oral effects, including inflammation, vasoconstriction, delayed wound healing, and increased severity of periodontal disease. Specifically in the oral cavity and the lung, cigarette smoking produces cancer, increased infectivity, acute and chronic inflammation, changes in gene expression in epithelial lining cells, and microbiome changes. In recent years, cigarette smoking has greatly decreased in the United States, but the use of new tobacco products has gained tremendous popularity. Without significant knowledge of the oral sequelae of products such as electronic cigarettes, researchers must evaluate current in vitro and in vivo methods to study these agents, as well as develop new tools to adequately study their effects. Some in vitro testing has been performed for electronic cigarettes, including toxicologic models and assays, but these mostly study the effect on the respiratory tract. Recently, direct exposure of the aerosol to in vitro 3-dimensional tissue constructs has been performed, demonstrating changes in cell viability and inflammatory cytokines. For in vivo studies, a universal e-cigarette testing machine or standard vaping regime is needed. A standard research electronic cigarette has recently been developed by the National Institute of Drug Abuse, and other devices delivering aerosols with different nicotine concentrations are becoming available. One of the biggest challenges in this research is keeping up with the new products and the rapidly changing technologies in the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Aghaloo
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J J Kim
- Volpe Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - T Gordon
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - H P Behrsing
- Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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2
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Ruggiero S, Saxena D, Tetradis S, Aghaloo T, Ioannidou E. Task Force on Design and Analysis in Oral Health Research: Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw. JDR Clin Trans Res 2019; 3:222-225. [PMID: 30938596 DOI: 10.1177/2380084418770662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge Transfer Statement: This article discusses the proceedings of the conference organized by the Task Force on Design and Analysis in Oral Health Research on the understanding of the translational evidence on the etiology and pathogenesis of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw as well as the clinical protocols on patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ruggiero
- 1 New York Center for Orthognathic and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York, NY, USA.,2 Stony Brook School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,3 School of Medicine, Hofstra-Northwell Health, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - D Saxena
- 4 Department of Basic Sciences and Craniofacial Biology College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Tetradis
- 5 School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - T Aghaloo
- 6 Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - E Ioannidou
- 7 Division of Periodontology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA.,8 Task Force on Design and Analysis in Oral Health Research, Princeton, NJ, USA
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3
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Soundia A, Hadaya D, Esfandi N, Gkouveris I, Christensen R, Dry SM, Bezouglaia O, Pirih F, Nikitakis N, Aghaloo T, Tetradis S. Zoledronate Impairs Socket Healing after Extraction of Teeth with Experimental Periodontitis. J Dent Res 2017; 97:312-320. [PMID: 28954199 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517732770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteonecrosis of the jaws (ONJ) is a rare but severe complication of antiresorptive medications, such as bisphosphonates, used in the treatment of bone malignancy or osteoporosis. Tooth extraction and dental disease have been strongly associated with ONJ development. Here, we investigated molecular and cellular markers of socket healing after extraction of healthy or teeth with experimental periodontitis (EP) in Wistar-Han rats treated with zoledronic acid (ZA). We included 4 experimental groups: vehicle-treated animals with extraction of healthy teeth or teeth with ligature-induced EP and ZA-treated animals with extraction of healthy teeth or teeth with EP. Animals were pretreated with vehicle or ZA for a week, and EP was induced. Four weeks later, the second maxillary molars were extracted; sockets were allowed to heal for 4 wk; animals were euthanized; and maxillae were isolated. Radiographically, extraction sockets in groups 1, 2, and 3 demonstrated normal healing. Contrary incomplete socket healing was noted after extraction of teeth with EP in ZA-treated rats of group 4. Histologically, persistent inflammation and extensive osteonecrosis were seen in group 4. Disorganization of the collagen network, collagen type III predominance, and lack of collagen fiber insertion in the necrotic bone were associated with impaired socket healing. Cells positive for MMP-9, MMP-13, and α-SMA expression were present at the areas of epithelial invagination and adjacent to osteonecrotic bone. Importantly, human biopsies from patients with ONJ showed similar findings. Our data emphasize the importance of dental disease and tooth extraction in ONJ pathogenesis and help delineate an altered profile in wound-healing markers during ONJ development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Soundia
- 1 Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - D Hadaya
- 1 Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - N Esfandi
- 1 Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - I Gkouveris
- 1 Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R Christensen
- 1 Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S M Dry
- 2 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - O Bezouglaia
- 1 Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - F Pirih
- 3 Division of Constitutive and Regenerative Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - N Nikitakis
- 4 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - T Aghaloo
- 1 Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Tetradis
- 1 Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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4
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Aghaloo T. Periodontal Disease and Potent Bisphosphonates Induce Maxillary Osteonecrosis in the Rat. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2010.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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5
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Freymiller EG, Aghaloo T. Dental management of patients with coronary artery disease. J Calif Dent Assoc 1995; 23:41-6. [PMID: 9063198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease is common in the general population. Dentists must be prepared to treat patients with coronary artery disease in the safest possible manner. This article reviews the dental management of such patients. Specific attention is devoted to medical history, treatment planning, treatment modifications and appropriate measures to be taken in the event of an emergency.
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