Initial healthcare to pediatric population under the radiation events

The objective of this paper is to analyze the data from scientific literature and available recommendations for health professionals on healthcare providing to pediatric population in the events associated with risk of radiation exposure. Over the past sixty years there were several large scale radiological events with a large number of chil dren affected, namely the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, accident at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant, contact to 137Cs radiation source unutilized at the hospital shutdown in Brazil etc. Further research has crys tallized injuries and health disorders in the survived children in all cases being much more significant vs. other pop ulations. Analysis of circumstances and features of a number of emergency situations or incidents in the nuclear industry for several decades has shown a high probability of radioactive materials release into the environment. The danger of terrorism with the use of ionizing radiation sources resulting in a considered inevitable hazard to the chil dren is estimated as serious in recent years and deserves an especial mention here.

State of oral cavity hygiene, sIgA level, mineral content of oral fluid, and optimization of preventive intervention in children with enamel hypoplasia and underlying comorbidity

OBJECTIVE

To advance the efficiency of tooth caries prevention in children with enamel hypoplasia through a com plex intervention focused at amelioration of oral hygiene, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) level, and mineral con tent of oral fluid.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Hypoplasia of permanent teeth enamel was the target of research. State of oral cavity hygiene, sIgA, total calcium and orthophosphate content in oral fluid were the research subject. Enamel vital stain ing, transillumination, immunoenzymometric and photometric techniques were applied. Indices of oral cavity hygiene: simplified oral hygiene index (OHI S) by Green and Vermillion (1964) and Silness Loe (1964, 1967) plaque index were the assayed. Assessment of oral cavity hygiene and assay of sIgA, calcium and orthophosphate content in oral fluid were held in 43 children 6-14 years old (n=21, Group 1; n=22, Group 2) with a systemic enamel hypoplasia and underlying diffuse non toxic (euthyroid) goiter. All children were born from the ChNPP accident clean up work ers and evacuees from territories of mandatory resettlement. Children in the Group 1 were prescribed a set of preven tive interventions including recommendations on choice of the oral care tools and teaching the standard dental cleaning skills. Children in the Group 2 additionally used the remineralizing gel with calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and xylitol (Sanction of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of Ukraine # 05.03.02 03/9351 from 07.02.2014).

RESULTS

State of oral cavity hygiene in children of the both study groups was assayed by a "dissatisfactory" criteri on according to the OHI S by Green and Vermillion and by a "poor" criterion according to the Silness Loe plaque index. Upon application of preventive intervrntions the state of oral cavity hygiene improved in children of Group 1 and Group 2: there was a significant decrease of OHI S by Green and Vermillion (p=0.0001) and Silness Loe plaque index (p=0.0003). Administration of remineralizing gel resulted in a significant increase of calcium (р = 0.0008) and orthophosphate (р = 0.001) content in oral fluid. No substantial change in sIgA concentration was found in both groups.

CONCLUSION

Implementation of the preventive intervention tools including preparation with remineralizing effect promoted the amelioration of oral hygiene, increased content of mineral constituents in oral fluid, however with no effect on sIgA level.

Rationale treatment and preventive measures for correction of bone structure in children with acute leukemia, exposed to ionizing radiation due to the Chornobyl accident

Objective. To justify and evaluate the effectiveness of treatment and preventive measures taken to correct the bio-chemical and biophysical changes in the structure of bone in children exposed to ionizing radiation due to Chornobyl accident in the dynamics of leukemic process. Materials and methods. The study involved 144 patients with acute lymphoid and myeloid leukemia. Serum calcium, total protein, alkaline phosphatase, cortisol and thyroid-stimulating hormone were investigated, as well as calcium and phosphate excretion, amino acids composition in the urine, acid-base balance and buffer systems of blood, bone density. Results. A reduction of bone densitometry, calcium and cortisol levels and increase of serum alkaline phosphatase and urine oxyproline were found in children with acute leukemia in acute I phase and during the chemotherapy. In the period of remission the majority of patients did not differ from the comparison group. The signs of osteopenic syndrome that require monitoring of the bone structure status were revealed in 10.0 % of children of the comparison group. Radiation doses of leukemia patients were 3.66 ± 0.11 mSv. No relationship between radiation dose and indicators that reflect the state of the bone tissue structures has been established. The use of complex health care measures in children with acute leukemia in remission, contributed to the positive effect of 62.0 %. Worser effect was observed in patients with an unfavorable course of the disease. Conclusions. Results of the study of bone tissue metabolism prove fore a change in the organic and mineral matrix in patients with acute leukemia exposed to ionizing radiation as a result of the Chonobyl NPP accident, and persons without hematologic diseases, and the need for treatment and prevention.