1
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Valahu CH, Olaya-Agudelo VC, MacDonell RJ, Navickas T, Rao AD, Millican MJ, Pérez-Sánchez JB, Yuen-Zhou J, Biercuk MJ, Hempel C, Tan TR, Kassal I. Direct observation of geometric-phase interference in dynamics around a conical intersection. Nat Chem 2023; 15:1503-1508. [PMID: 37640849 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01300-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Conical intersections are ubiquitous in chemistry and physics, often governing processes such as light harvesting, vision, photocatalysis and chemical reactivity. They act as funnels between electronic states of molecules, allowing rapid and efficient relaxation during chemical dynamics. In addition, when a reaction path encircles a conical intersection, the molecular wavefunction experiences a geometric phase, which can affect the outcome of the reaction through quantum-mechanical interference. Past experiments have measured indirect signatures of geometric phases in scattering patterns and spectroscopic observables, but there has been no direct observation of the underlying wavepacket interference. Here we experimentally observe geometric-phase interference in the dynamics of a wavepacket travelling around an engineered conical intersection in a programmable trapped-ion quantum simulator. To achieve this, we develop a technique to reconstruct the two-dimensional wavepacket densities of a trapped ion. Experiments agree with the theoretical model, demonstrating the ability of analogue quantum simulators-such as those realized using trapped ions-to accurately describe nuclear quantum effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Valahu
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - V C Olaya-Agudelo
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R J MacDonell
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- University of Sydney Nano Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - T Navickas
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A D Rao
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M J Millican
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J B Pérez-Sánchez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J Yuen-Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M J Biercuk
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C Hempel
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- ETH Zurich-PSI Quantum Computing Hub, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - T R Tan
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - I Kassal
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- University of Sydney Nano Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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2
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Arnold KJ, Kaewuam R, Chanu SR, Tan TR, Zhang Z, Barrett MD. Precision Measurements of the ^{138}Ba^{+} 6s^{2}S_{1/2}-5d^{2}D_{5/2} Clock Transition. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:193001. [PMID: 32469594 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.193001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of the ^{138}Ba^{+} ^{2}S_{1/2}-^{2}D_{5/2} clock transition frequency and D_{5/2} Landé g_{J} factor are reported. The clock transition frequency ν_{Ba^{+}}=170126432449333.31±(0.39)_{stat}±(0.29)_{sys} Hz, is obtained with accuracy limited by the frequency calibration of the maser used as a reference oscillator. The Landé g_{J} factor for the ^{2}D_{5/2} level is determined to be g_{D}=1.20036739(24), which is a 30-fold improvement on previous measurements. The g-factor measurements are corrected for an ac-magnetic field from trap-drive-induced currents in the electrodes, and data taken over a range of magnetic fields underscores the importance of accounting for this systematic.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Arnold
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore
- Temasek Laboratories, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411 Singapore
| | - R Kaewuam
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore
| | - S R Chanu
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore
| | - T R Tan
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117551 Singapore
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore
| | - M D Barrett
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117551 Singapore
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3
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Kaewuam R, Tan TR, Arnold KJ, Chanu SR, Zhang Z, Barrett MD. Hyperfine Averaging by Dynamic Decoupling in a Multi-Ion Lutetium Clock. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:083202. [PMID: 32167337 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.083202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We propose and experimentally demonstrate a scheme that realizes hyperfine averaging during a Ramsey interrogation of a clock transition. The method eliminates the need to average over multiple optical transitions, reduces the sensitivity of the clock to its environment, and reduces inhomogeneous broadening in a multi-ion clock. The method is compatible with autobalanced Ramsey spectroscopy, which facilitates the elimination of residual shifts due to imperfect implementation and ac stark shifts from the optical probe. We demonstrate the scheme using correlation spectroscopy of the ^{1}S_{0}↔^{3}D_{1} clock transition in a three-ion Lu^{+} clock. From the demonstration we are able to provide a measurement of the ^{3}D_{1} quadrupole moment, Θ(^{3}D_{1})=0.634(9)ea_{0}^{2}.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kaewuam
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore
| | - T R Tan
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117551 Singapore
| | - K J Arnold
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore
| | - S R Chanu
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore
| | - M D Barrett
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117551 Singapore
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4
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Tan TR, Kaewuam R, Arnold KJ, Chanu SR, Zhang Z, Safronova MS, Barrett MD. Suppressing Inhomogeneous Broadening in a Lutetium Multi-ion Optical Clock. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:063201. [PMID: 31491162 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.063201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate precision measurement and control of inhomogeneous broadening in a multi-ion clock consisting of three ^{176}Lu^{+} ions. Microwave spectroscopy between hyperfine states in the ^{3}D_{1} level is used to characterize differential systematic shifts between ions, most notably those associated with the electric quadrupole moment. By appropriate alignment of the magnetic field, we demonstrate suppression of these effects to the ∼10^{-17} level relative to the ^{1}S_{0}↔^{3}D_{1} optical transition frequency. Correlation spectroscopy on the optical transition demonstrates the feasibility of a 10-s Ramsey interrogation in the three ion configuration with a corresponding projection noise limited stability of σ(τ)=8.2×10^{-17}/sqrt[τ].
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Tan
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117551 Singapore
| | - R Kaewuam
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore
| | - K J Arnold
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore
| | - S R Chanu
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore
| | - M S Safronova
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M D Barrett
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117551 Singapore
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Arnold KJ, Kaewuam R, Roy A, Tan TR, Barrett MD. Blackbody radiation shift assessment for a lutetium ion clock. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1650. [PMID: 29695720 PMCID: PMC5917023 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The accuracy of state-of-the-art atomic clocks is derived from the insensitivity of narrow optical atomic resonances to environmental perturbations. Two such resonances in singly ionized lutetium have been identified with potentially lower sensitivities compared to other clock candidates. Here we report measurement of the most significant unknown atomic property of both transitions, the static differential scalar polarizability. From this, the fractional blackbody radiation shift for one of the transitions is found to be −1.36(9) × 10−18 at 300 K, the lowest of any established optical atomic clock. In consideration of leading systematic effects common to all ion clocks, both transitions compare favorably to the most accurate ion-based clocks reported to date. This work firmly establishes Lu+ as a promising candidate for a future generation of more accurate optical atomic clocks. There is a continuous effort to improve the accuracy of atomic clocks. Here the authors measure the static differential scalar polarizability of Lutetium ion resonant transitions and its lower light shift from blackbody radiation makes it a promising candidate for ion-based atomic clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Arnold
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
| | - R Kaewuam
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - A Roy
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - T R Tan
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.,Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
| | - M D Barrett
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117543, Singapore. .,Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117551, Singapore.
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6
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Tan TR, Wan Y, Erickson S, Bierhorst P, Kienzler D, Glancy S, Knill E, Leibfried D, Wineland DJ. Chained Bell Inequality Experiment with High-Efficiency Measurements. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:130403. [PMID: 28409945 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.130403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report correlation measurements on two ^{9}Be^{+} ions that violate a chained Bell inequality obeyed by any local-realistic theory. The correlations can be modeled as derived from a mixture of a local-realistic probabilistic distribution and a distribution that violates the inequality. A statistical framework is formulated to quantify the local-realistic fraction allowable in the observed distribution without the fair-sampling or independent-and-identical-distributions assumptions. We exclude models of our experiment whose local-realistic fraction is above 0.327 at the 95% confidence level. This bound is significantly lower than 0.586, the minimum fraction derived from a perfect Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality experiment. Furthermore, our data provide a device-independent certification of the deterministically created Bell states.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Tan
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Y Wan
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - S Erickson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - P Bierhorst
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - D Kienzler
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - S Glancy
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - E Knill
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - D Leibfried
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - D J Wineland
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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7
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Lin Y, Gaebler JP, Reiter F, Tan TR, Bowler R, Wan Y, Keith A, Knill E, Glancy S, Coakley K, Sørensen AS, Leibfried D, Wineland DJ. Preparation of Entangled States through Hilbert Space Engineering. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:140502. [PMID: 27740826 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.140502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We apply laser fields to trapped atomic ions to constrain the quantum dynamics from a simultaneously applied global microwave field to an initial product state and a target entangled state. This approach comes under what has become known in the literature as "quantum Zeno dynamics" and we use it to prepare entangled states of two and three ions. With two trapped ^{9}Be^{+} ions, we obtain Bell state fidelities up to 0.990_{-5}^{+2}; with three ions, a W-state fidelity of 0.910_{-7}^{+4} is obtained. Compared to other methods of producing entanglement in trapped ions, this procedure can be relatively insensitive to certain imperfections such as fluctuations in laser intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lin
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - J P Gaebler
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - F Reiter
- The Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - T R Tan
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - R Bowler
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Y Wan
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - A Keith
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - E Knill
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - S Glancy
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - K Coakley
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - A S Sørensen
- The Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - D Leibfried
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - D J Wineland
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
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8
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Gaebler JP, Tan TR, Lin Y, Wan Y, Bowler R, Keith AC, Glancy S, Coakley K, Knill E, Leibfried D, Wineland DJ. High-Fidelity Universal Gate Set for ^{9}Be^{+} Ion Qubits. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:060505. [PMID: 27541451 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.060505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report high-fidelity laser-beam-induced quantum logic gates on magnetic-field-insensitive qubits comprised of hyperfine states in ^{9}Be^{+} ions with a memory coherence time of more than 1 s. We demonstrate single-qubit gates with an error per gate of 3.8(1)×10^{-5}. By creating a Bell state with a deterministic two-qubit gate, we deduce a gate error of 8(4)×10^{-4}. We characterize the errors in our implementation and discuss methods to further reduce imperfections towards values that are compatible with fault-tolerant processing at realistic overhead.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Gaebler
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - T R Tan
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Y Lin
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Y Wan
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - R Bowler
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - A C Keith
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - S Glancy
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - K Coakley
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - E Knill
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - D Leibfried
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - D J Wineland
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
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Wong CH, Tan TR, Heng Hy HY, Ramesh T, Ting PW, Lee WS, Teng CL, Sivalingam N, Tan KK. Parental preferences with regards to disclosure following adverse events occurring in relation to medication use or diagnosis in the care of their children - perspectives from Malaysia. Med J Malaysia 2016; 71:186-192. [PMID: 27770117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Open disclosure is poorly understood in Malaysia but is an ethical and professional responsibility. The objectives of this study were to determine: (1) the perception of parents regarding the severity of medical error in relation to medication use or diagnosis; (2) the preference of parents for information following the medical error and its relation to severity; and (3) the preference of parents with regards to disciplinary action, reporting, and legal action. METHODS We translated and contextualised a questionnaire developed from a previous study. The questionnaire consisted of four case vignettes that described the following: medication error with a lifelong complication; diagnostic error with a lifelong complication; diagnostic error without lifelong effect; and medication error without lifelong effect. Each case vignette was followed by a series of questions examining the subject's perception on the above areas. We also determined the content validity of the questionnaire. We invited parents of Malaysian children admitted to the paediatric wards of Tuanku Jaafar Hospital to participate in the study. RESULTS One hundred and twenty-three parents participated in the study. The majority of parents wanted to be told regarding the event. As the severity of the case vignettes increased, the desire for information, remedial action, acknowledgement of responsibility, compensation, punishment, legal action, and reporting to a higher agency also increased. The findings did not have strong evidence of a relationship with subject's demographics. CONCLUSION This study gives insights into previously unexplored perspectives and preferences of parents in Malaysia regarding open disclosure. It also highlights the opportunity for more research in this area with potentially broad applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Wong
- International Medical University, Department of Family Medicine, Jalan Rasah, 70300 Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
| | - T R Tan
- International Medical University, IMU Clinical School, Jalan Rasah, 70300 Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - H Y Heng Hy
- International Medical University, IMU Clinical School, Jalan Rasah, 70300 Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - T Ramesh
- International Medical University, IMU Clinical School, Jalan Rasah, 70300 Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - P W Ting
- International Medical University, IMU Clinical School, Jalan Rasah, 70300 Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - W S Lee
- International Medical University, IMU Clinical School, Jalan Rasah, 70300 Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - C L Teng
- International Medical University, Department of Family Medicine, Jalan Rasah, 70300 Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - N Sivalingam
- International Medical University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jalan Rasah, 70300 Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - K K Tan
- Tuanku Jaafar Hospital, Department of Paediatrics, Seremban, Malaysia
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Tan TR, Gaebler JP, Lin Y, Wan Y, Bowler R, Leibfried D, Wineland DJ. Multi-element logic gates for trapped-ion qubits. Nature 2015; 528:380-3. [DOI: 10.1038/nature16186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tan TR, Gaebler JP, Bowler R, Lin Y, Jost JD, Leibfried D, Wineland DJ. Demonstration of a dressed-state phase gate for trapped ions. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:263002. [PMID: 23848869 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.263002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a trapped-ion entangling-gate scheme proposed by Bermudez et al. [Phys. Rev. A 85, 040302 (2012)]. Simultaneous excitation of a strong carrier and a single-sideband transition enables deterministic creation of entangled states. The method works for magnetic field-insensitive states, is robust against thermal excitations, includes dynamical decoupling from qubit dephasing errors, and provides simplifications in experimental implementation compared to some other entangling gates with trapped ions. We achieve a Bell state fidelity of 0.974(4) and identify the main sources of error.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Tan
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.
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12
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Lin Y, Gaebler JP, Tan TR, Bowler R, Jost JD, Leibfried D, Wineland DJ. Sympathetic electromagnetically-induced-transparency laser cooling of motional modes in an ion chain. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:153002. [PMID: 25167259 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.153002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We use electromagnetically-induced-transparency laser cooling to cool motional modes of a linear ion chain. As a demonstration, we apply electromagnetically-induced-transparency cooling on 24Mg+ ions to cool the axial modes of a 9Be+-24Mg+ ion pair and a 9Be+-24Mg+-24Mg+-9Be+ ion chain, thereby sympathetically cooling the 9Be+ ions. Compared to previous implementations of conventional Raman sideband cooling, we achieve approximately an order-of-magnitude reduction in the duration required to cool the modes to near the ground state and significant reduction in required laser intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lin
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - J P Gaebler
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - T R Tan
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - R Bowler
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - J D Jost
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - D Leibfried
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - D J Wineland
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
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13
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Bowler R, Gaebler J, Lin Y, Tan TR, Hanneke D, Jost JD, Home JP, Leibfried D, Wineland DJ. Coherent diabatic ion transport and separation in a multizone trap array. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:080502. [PMID: 23002728 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.080502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the dynamics of single and multiple ions during transport between and separation into spatially distinct locations in a multizone linear Paul trap. A single 9Be+ ion in a ~2 MHz harmonic well was transported 370 μm in 8 μs, corresponding to 16 periods of oscillation, with a gain of 0.1 motional quanta. Similar results were achieved for the transport of two ions. We also separated chains of up to 9 ions from one potential well to two distinct potential wells. With two ions this was accomplished in 55 μs, with excitations of approximately two quanta for each ion. Fast transport and separation can significantly reduce the time overhead in certain architectures for scalable quantum information processing with trapped ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bowler
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.
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Gaebler JP, Meier AM, Tan TR, Bowler R, Lin Y, Hanneke D, Jost JD, Home JP, Knill E, Leibfried D, Wineland DJ. Randomized benchmarking of multiqubit gates. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:260503. [PMID: 23004946 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.260503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We describe an extension of single-qubit gate randomized benchmarking that measures the error of multiqubit gates in a quantum information processor. This platform-independent protocol evaluates the performance of Clifford unitaries, which form a basis of fault-tolerant quantum computing. We implemented the benchmarking protocol with trapped ions and found an error per random two-qubit Clifford unitary of 0.162±0.008, thus setting the first benchmark for such unitaries. By implementing a second set of sequences with an extra two-qubit phase gate inserted after each step, we extracted an error per phase gate of 0.069±0.017. We conducted these experiments with transported, sympathetically cooled ions in a multizone Paul trap-a system that can in principle be scaled to larger numbers of ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Gaebler
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.
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