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Adams TS, Mbatani NH. Clinical management of women presenting with field effect of HPV and intraepithelial disease. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2017; 47:86-94. [PMID: 29030149 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Anogenital human papillomavirus is the most common sexually transmitted infection acquired through skin-to-skin contact. Most infections are cleared by an intact immune system. Persistence of these infections results in precancerous lesions and, eventually, to cancers of the cervix, vagina, vulva, and perianal area. The introduction of the prophylactic human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccinations may reduce the incidence of these infections, but the effect of these vaccinations will be seen only in the decades that follow. In the meantime, multiple therapies such as immune modulators, ablative modalities, and surgical excision are used in an attempt to treat precancerous lesions and hence prevent cancer. There is an increase in multicentric disease in young women, especially with the HIV epidemic and in women who are immune compromised. This article aims to address the challenges and management options in women who have a field effect of HPV-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Adams
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, H Floor, Old Main Building, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa; SAMRC Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre (SAMRC GCR), Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - N H Mbatani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, H Floor, Old Main Building, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa; SAMRC Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre (SAMRC GCR), Cape Town, South Africa.
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Adams TS, Murphy JV, Gillespie PH, Roberts AH. The use of high frequency ultrasonography in the prediction of burn depth. J Burn Care Rehabil 2001; 22:261-2. [PMID: 11403252 DOI: 10.1097/00004630-200105000-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yi SX, Adams TS. Age- and diapause-related acid and alkaline phosphatase activities in the intestine and malpighian tubules of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2001; 46:152-163. [PMID: 11276072 DOI: 10.1002/arch.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Specific activities for soluble (s) and membrane (m)-bound acid (ACP) and alkaline phosphatases (ALP) were determined in the midgut, hindgut, and Malpighian tubules for developing, prediapausing, and diapausing adult Colorado potato beetles, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). High ACP activities were found in the hindgut and Malpighian tubules while high ALP activities were found in the Malpighian tubules. Variation in both ACP and ALP activities in each tissue reflects fluctuation in protein synthesis and secretion involved with digestion, excretion, and other unknown functions. Phosphatase activities in the tissues examined show the dynamic nature of diapause in this insect. Diapausing beetles showed increases in phosphatase activity after hormone treatments. JHA treatments increased s-ACP and m-ACP activities in all tissues but 20-HE did not increase activity in any tissue. Allatotropin tended to mimic the effects of JHA treatment. The s-ALP activity was also increased in all tissues whereas m-ALP was increased in the midgut and hindgut by JHA treatment. Malpighian tubule m-ALP activity was only increased by 20-HE treatments. Allatotropin was not as effective in increasing ALP activities as it was with ACP activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S X Yi
- Biosciences Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, State University Station, Fargo, North Dakota 58105-5674, USA
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Yi S, Adams TS. Effect of pyriproxyfen and photoperiod on free amino acid concentrations and proteins in the hemolymph of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). J Insect Physiol 2000; 46:1341-1353. [PMID: 10878261 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1910(00)00062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A North Dakota strain of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), was reared under both short- (8L:16D) and long-day (17L:7D) conditions. Age-related and pyriproxyfen- (JHA-) induced changes in hemolymph free amino acids and proteins were examined. Under a short-day photoperiod, the total free amino acid concentration in the hemolymph increased gradually up to 20 days of adult life, but the long-day beetles showed marked increases during the first 10 days and then decreased afterwards. Proline, glutamine and valine were the most abundant free amino acids in both sexes of beetles held under either short- or long-day photoregims. JHA treatment of diapausing adults, held under either short- or long-day conditions after treatment, terminated diapause as indicated by re-emergence from the vermiculite, feeding, mating, changes in free amino acid levels, the disappearance of diapause protein 1 and appearance of vitellogenin in the hemolymph. Furthermore, most of the JHA-treated females held under long-day conditions also matured oocytes and oviposited, but those held under short-day conditions did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yi
- Biosciences Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, State University Station, 58105-5674, Fargo, ND, USA
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Abstract
Ovaries from house flies maintained on sucrose secrete large amounts of ecdysteroid when they are cultured with ovarian ecdysteroidogenic hormone, OEH. However, ovarian ecdysteroid secretion is reduced by incubation with both OEH and the ovarian ecdysteroidostatin (OES). A partially purified OES fraction from a semi-preparative reverse phase HPLC C18 column caused a 98% inhibition of ovarian ecdysteroid secretion in vitro at a concentration of 0.8 equivalents per microliter. Ovaries can be activated to produce ecdysteroid in vivo by feeding diet containing protein to flies maintained on sucrose. Ecdysteroid secretion was inhibited when the in vivo stimulated ovaries were cultured with OES. This suggests that OES does not interfere with the OEH activation mechanism, but blocks ovarian ecdysteroid synthesis or release. Furthermore, OES inhibition is reversible and ecdysteroid secretion resumes when OES is removed. Musca OES could explain the decrease in ecdysteroid levels found in flies after mid-vitellogenesis. Both adult male and female abdomens contain OES, but OES was not transferred to females during mating. Evidence is presented that OES is not a trypsin modulating oostatic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Adams
- Biosciences Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, State University Station, Fargo, North Dakota 58105-5674, USA.
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Talas G, Adams TS, Eastwood M, Rubio G, Brown RA. Phenytoin reduces the contraction of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa fibroblast populated collagen gels. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 1997; 29:261-70. [PMID: 9076961 DOI: 10.1016/s1357-2725(96)00132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a group of genetic disorders in which blistering occurs below the basement membrane, in many cases resulting in extensive scar formation, contractures and mitten deformities. Our aim was to compare quantitatively the contraction forces generated by normal and RDEB fibroblats and to investigate the effect of Phenytoin (5,5-diphenyl-2,4-imidazolidinedione, sodium salt; PHT). PHT is an anticonvulsant agent, that causes fibrosis as a side effect. This study utilised conventional untethered fibroblast populated collagen lattice contraction and a quantitative force measurement instrument, the culture force monitor (CFM). The RDEB cell lines were hypercontractile, generating 2.5 times the force of normal fibroblasts, though they appeared morphologically normal. In untethered collagen gels PHT (20 micrograms/ml) significantly reduced contraction of both normal and RDEB fibroblasts over 7 days. Pre-treatment of RDEB cells for 5 days also produced a 40% reduction in contraction as measured in the CFM. One suggested mechanism of PHT action is through inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase activity, but the similar effects of PHT and Colchicine (an inhibitor of microtubule polymerisation) in the CFM, indicate that it may act on contraction through disruption of microfilaments and changes to cell shape. These findings show that isolated RDEB fibroblasts retain the hypercontractile features of many of the patient's lesion sites and imply that local application of PHT may have a therapeutic effect in controlling contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Talas
- University College London, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, U.K
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Ingram CD, Adams TS, Jiang QB, Terenzi MG, Lambert RC, Wakerley JB, Moos F. Mortyn Jones Memorial Lecture. Limbic regions mediating central actions of oxytocin on the milk-ejection reflex in the rat. J Neuroendocrinol 1995; 7:1-13. [PMID: 7735292 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.1995.tb00661.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Central oxytocin administration has a profound facilitatory effect on the patterning of the milk-ejection reflex in the lactating rat. Lesion and microinjection studies indicate that this action is, in part, mediated via a population of limbic neurones in the bed nuclei of the stria terminalis and ventrolateral septum, which have been shown to possess oxytocin receptors and to be activated by selective oxytocin-receptor agonists in vitro. In vivo electrophysiological recordings reveal that some of these neurones display cyclical activity which is highly correlated to each milk ejection, and are rapidly activated following i.c.v. administration of oxytocin, coincident with the facilitation of milk ejection activity. A hypothetical model is proposed in which this population of limbic neurones serves to gate the activity of a pacemaker which, in turn, coordinates the bursting of hypothalamic magnocellular neurones. The oxytocin innervation of these neurones and their expression of oxytocin receptors increases in the postpartum period, and the resultant enhanced sensitivity leads to a greater facilitatory response during lactation. Inhibitory opioid and noradrenergic inputs which converge on these oxytocin-sensitive neurones may function to switch off the facilitatory circuit during periods of stress. Thus, this population of limbic neurones participates in the regulation of neuroendocrine activity during lactation by providing an appropriate degree of feedback to alter the patterning of the milk-ejection reflex.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Ingram
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, UK
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Stiles B, McDonald IC, Gerst JW, Adams TS, Newman SM. Initiation and characterization of five embryonic cell lines from the cotton boll weevil anthonomus grandis in a commercial serum- free medium. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02877059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Nagarajan G, Adams TS. Shrinkages of the internuclear distances in some hexafluorides of octahedral symmetry. Monatshefte f�r Chemie 1973. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00909647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Nelson DR, Flint HM, Adams TS. The effects of partial or whole-body irradiation of pupal or adult female house-flies on ovarian maturation and retention of pupal fat body. Int J Radiat Biol Relat Stud Phys Chem Med 1970; 18:71-9. [PMID: 5311615 DOI: 10.1080/09553007014550831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Adams TS, Hintz AM. Relationship of age, ovarian development, and the corpus allatum to mating in the house-fly, Musca domestica. J Insect Physiol 1969; 15:201-215. [PMID: 5767699 DOI: 10.1016/0022-1910(69)90269-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Adams TS, Hintz AM, Pomonis JG. Oöstatic hormone production in houseflies, Musca domestica, with developing ovaries. J Insect Physiol 1968; 14:983-993. [PMID: 5761656 DOI: 10.1016/0022-1910(68)90008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Adams TS, Nelson DR. Bioassay of crude extracts for the factor that prevents second matings in female musca domestica. Ann Entomol Soc Am 1968; 61:112-116. [PMID: 5636727 DOI: 10.1093/aesa/61.1.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Adams TS, Stamp J. Wealth and Taxable Capacity. J Am Stat Assoc 1922. [DOI: 10.2307/2276937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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