GSM-like radiofrequency exposure induces apoptosis via caspase-dependent pathway in infant rabbits

BACKGROUND

There have been several Radio Frequency (RF) field researches on various populations and groups of different ages in recent years. However, the most important group for research has been declared as the pregnant women and their babies.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of the study was to analyse the effect on apoptotic factors of RF fields on newborn rabbit liver tissues.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Cytochrome c and AIF (Apoptosis Inducing Factor) levels were measured by western blot and caspase 1, 3 and 9 activities were measured by colorimetric method.

RESULTS

Cytochrome c and AIF levels were not altered, but all caspase activities were increased in female infant rabbits that exposed to 1800 MHz GSM-like RF signals when they reached 1 month of age and caspase 1 and caspase 3 levels were decreased in male infant rabbits that exposed to 1800 MHz GSM-like RF signals between 15th and 22nd days of the gestational period. Results showed that 1800 MHz GSM-like RF exposure might lead to apoptosis in infant rabbit's liver tissues.

CONCLUSION

According to the results, we suggest that postnatal RF exposure causes caspase dependent apoptosis in female infant rabbits liver tissues (Tab. 1, Fig. 2, Ref. 27).

The cell death pathway induced by metal halide complexes of pyridine and derivative ligands in hepatocellular carcinoma cells - necrosis or apoptosis?

BACKGROUND

Drugs designed to restore programmed cell death might be effective against many cancer. It was aimed to study the possible apoptotic-necrotic effects of the pyridinehalide complexes such as dichlorodipyridinepalla-dium(ll) (PdCl2L1(2)), dichlorodipyridinenickel(ll) (NiCl2L1(2)), dichlorodipyridinecopper(ll) (CuCl2L1(2)), dibromodipyridinecopper(ll) (CuBr2L1(2)) and dichlorobis-(2,4-dimethylpyridine)copper(ll) (CuCl2L2(2)) in the hepatocarcinoma cells (Hep G2).

METHODS

All complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H-NMR, FT-IR and Far-IR spectroscopy. Apoptotic effects were evaluated by cell viability assay, DNA laddering assay, LDH assay, DAPI nuclear staining and caspase 1-3-9 activity analysis.

RESULTS

According to cell proliferation/viability datas, CuCl2L2(2) was estimated the most toxic, NiCl2L1(2) the least toxic complex. Treatment of CuCl2L2(2) in IC50 doses resulted in a remarkable increase lactate dehydrogenase, it was followed by CuBr2L1(2) complex. Picnotic nuclei, anisonucleosis and nuclear condensations in 200 microM concentration of CuCl2L2(2) and CuCl2L1(2) treated cells were observed with DAPI staining also DNA brakes were also determined with electrophoresis. Caspase 1,3 and 9 increased activation were not detected.

CONCLUSIONS

The present study results indicate that, PdCl2L1(2), NiCl2L1(2), CuCl2L1(2), CuBr2L1(2), CuC12L2(2) complexes have antiproliferative action on hepatocellular carcinoma cells. However it would be wrong to interpret this effect as an apoptosis or necrosis exactly.

Serum neopterin, sialic acid and nitric oxide levels in dogs with malignant mammary tumours

Mammary cancer is one of the leading causes of death in pet population. Early diagnosis and malignancy detection is important for prognosis. The levels of neopterin, sialic acid and nitric oxide in serum of dogs with malignant mammary tumours were evaluated to investigate the importance of these biochemical parameters for malign mammary tumour. Twelve healthy dogs and twenty dogs with malignant mammary tumours were used as research materials. Blood samples were collected from both groups for neopterin analysis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, whereas nitric oxide and sialic acid were measured by modified nitrate reductase method and spectrophotometry, respectively. Tissue specimens were evaluated and defined as malignant tumours. Serum nitric oxide and sialic acid levels in dogs with mammary tumours were significantly higher than those in the healthy dogs. Serum neopterin levels were not found significantly different in dogs with mammary tumours compared to healthy dogs. Malignancy of canine mammary tumours are accompained by an elevation of nitric oxide and sialic acid levels.

The determination of diethylstilbestrol (DES) in the faeces and tissues of chickens treated with DES and in the faeces and tissue samples of calves, lambs and chickens collected from various areas of Turkey

Diethylstilbestrol (DES) analyses were carried out on muscle, liver, kidney and faeces samples of 20 control and 20 experimental broilers to which 5 mg DES/day had been given orally for a period of 7 days. The treated samples were analysed using the Radioimmunoassay method. The removal time of DES from the tissues was determined. Five days following the final administration of DES, its faecal concentration was 151 ppb. However, 7 days after the final administration faecal DES concentrations increased again. On the first day after the final DES administration, DES concentrations in the liver, muscle and kidney were 0.78, 0.74 and 1.33 ppb, respectively. While these values measured on the final day were within the range of the control values. There was an increase of DES in plasma at the end of the experimental period. A total of 1811 muscle, liver, kidney and faeces samples of calves, lambs and chickens and feed samples collected from various areas in Turkey were analysed for the presence of DES. Positive samples for chicken feed was 36.9%. Also 1.9% of the chicken faeces samples were DES positive. All other samples were negative for DES.