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Albanese R, Alexandrov A, Alicante F, Anokhina A, Asada T, Battilana C, Bay A, Betancourt C, Biswas R, Blanco Castro A, Bogomilov M, Bonacorsi D, Bonivento WM, Bordalo P, Boyarsky A, Buontempo S, Campanelli M, Camporesi T, Canale V, Castro A, Centanni D, Cerutti F, Chernyavskiy M, Choi KY, Cholak S, Cindolo F, Climescu M, Conaboy AP, Dallavalle GM, Davino D, de Bryas PT, De Lellis G, De Magistris M, De Roeck A, De Rújula A, De Serio M, De Simone D, Di Crescenzo A, Donà R, Durhan O, Fabbri F, Fedotovs F, Ferrillo M, Ferro-Luzzi M, Fini RA, Fiorillo A, Fresa R, Funk W, Garay Walls FM, Golovatiuk A, Golutvin A, Graverini E, Guler AM, Guliaeva V, Haefeli GJ, Helo Herrera JC, van Herwijnen E, Iengo P, Ilieva S, Infantino A, Iuliano A, Jacobsson R, Kamiscioglu C, Kauniskangas AM, Khalikov E, Kim SH, Kim YG, Klioutchnikov G, Komatsu M, Konovalova N, Kovalenko S, Kuleshov S, Lacker HM, Lantwin O, Lasagni Manghi F, Lauria A, Lee KY, Lee KS, Lo Meo S, Loschiavo VP, Marcellini S, Margiotta A, Mascellani A, Miano A, Mikulenko A, Montesi MC, Navarria FL, Ogawa S, Okateva N, Ovchynnikov M, Paggi G, Park BD, Pastore A, Perrotta A, Podgrudkov D, Polukhina N, Prota A, Quercia A, Ramos S, Reghunath A, Roganova T, Ronchetti F, Rovelli T, Ruchayskiy O, Ruf T, Sabate Gilarte M, Samoilov M, Scalera V, Schneider O, Sekhniaidze G, Serra N, Shaposhnikov M, Shevchenko V, Shchedrina T, Shchutska L, Shibuya H, Simone S, Siroli GP, Sirri G, Soares G, Soto Sandoval OJ, Spurio M, Starkov N, Timiryasov I, Tioukov V, Tramontano F, Trippl C, Ursov E, Ustyuzhanin A, Vankova-Kirilova G, Verguilov V, Viegas Guerreiro Leonardo N, Vilela C, Visone C, Wanke R, Yaman E, Yazici C, Yoon CS, Zaffaroni E, Zamora Saa J. Observation of Collider Muon Neutrinos with the SND@LHC Experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:031802. [PMID: 37540851 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.031802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the direct observation of muon neutrino interactions with the SND@LHC detector at the Large Hadron Collider. A dataset of proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s]=13.6 TeV collected by SND@LHC in 2022 is used, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.8 fb^{-1}. The search is based on information from the active electronic components of the SND@LHC detector, which covers the pseudorapidity region of 7.2<η<8.4, inaccessible to the other experiments at the collider. Muon neutrino candidates are identified through their charged-current interaction topology, with a track propagating through the entire length of the muon detector. After selection cuts, 8 ν_{μ} interaction candidate events remain with an estimated background of 0.086 events, yielding a significance of about 7 standard deviations for the observed ν_{μ} signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Albanese
- Sezione INFN di Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - F Alicante
- Sezione INFN di Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - A Anokhina
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - T Asada
- Sezione INFN di Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C Battilana
- Sezione INFN di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Bay
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Betancourt
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - R Biswas
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Blanco Castro
- Laboratory of Instrumentation and Experimental Particle Physics (LIP), 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Bogomilov
- Faculty of Physics, Sofia University, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - D Bonacorsi
- Sezione INFN di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - W M Bonivento
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - P Bordalo
- Laboratory of Instrumentation and Experimental Particle Physics (LIP), 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A Boyarsky
- University of Leiden, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01033 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - M Campanelli
- University College London, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - T Camporesi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Canale
- Sezione INFN di Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - A Castro
- Sezione INFN di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - D Centanni
- Sezione INFN di Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli Parthenope, 80143 Napoli, Italy
| | - F Cerutti
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Chernyavskiy
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - K-Y Choi
- Sungkyunkwan University, 16419 Suwon-si, Gyeong Gi-do, Korea
| | - S Cholak
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F Cindolo
- Sezione INFN di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Climescu
- Institut für Physik and PRISMA Cluster of Excellence, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A P Conaboy
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - D Davino
- Sezione INFN di Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università del Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - P T de Bryas
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G De Lellis
- Sezione INFN di Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - M De Magistris
- Sezione INFN di Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli Parthenope, 80143 Napoli, Italy
| | - A De Roeck
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A De Rújula
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M De Serio
- Sezione INFN di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Università di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - D De Simone
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Di Crescenzo
- Sezione INFN di Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - R Donà
- Sezione INFN di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - O Durhan
- Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - F Fabbri
- Sezione INFN di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Fedotovs
- University College London, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - M Ferrillo
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Ferro-Luzzi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R A Fini
- Sezione INFN di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - A Fiorillo
- Sezione INFN di Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - R Fresa
- Sezione INFN di Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università della Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - W Funk
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F M Garay Walls
- Departamento de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 4860 Santiago, Chile
| | - A Golovatiuk
- Sezione INFN di Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - A Golutvin
- Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - E Graverini
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A M Guler
- Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - V Guliaeva
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - G J Haefeli
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J C Helo Herrera
- Millennium Institute for Subatomic physics at high energy frontier-SAPHIR, Fernandez Concha 700, 7591538 Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Serena, Avenida Cisternas 1200, La Serena, Chile
| | | | - P Iengo
- Sezione INFN di Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - S Ilieva
- Sezione INFN di Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Faculty of Physics, Sofia University, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - A Infantino
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Iuliano
- Sezione INFN di Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - R Jacobsson
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Kamiscioglu
- Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - A M Kauniskangas
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - E Khalikov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - S H Kim
- Department of Physics Education and RINS, Gyeongsang National University, 52828 Jinju, Korea
| | - Y G Kim
- Gwangju National University of Education, 61204 Gwangju, Korea
| | - G Klioutchnikov
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Komatsu
- Nagoya University, 464-8602 Nagoya, Japan
| | - N Konovalova
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - S Kovalenko
- Millennium Institute for Subatomic physics at high energy frontier-SAPHIR, Fernandez Concha 700, 7591538 Santiago, Chile
- Center for Theoretical and Experimental Particle Physics, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Fernandez Concha 700, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Kuleshov
- Millennium Institute for Subatomic physics at high energy frontier-SAPHIR, Fernandez Concha 700, 7591538 Santiago, Chile
- Center for Theoretical and Experimental Particle Physics, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Fernandez Concha 700, Santiago, Chile
| | - H M Lacker
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - O Lantwin
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | | | - A Lauria
- Sezione INFN di Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - K Y Lee
- Department of Physics Education and RINS, Gyeongsang National University, 52828 Jinju, Korea
| | - K S Lee
- Korea University, 02841 Seoul, Korea
| | - S Lo Meo
- Sezione INFN di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - V P Loschiavo
- Sezione INFN di Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università del Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | | | - A Margiotta
- Sezione INFN di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Mascellani
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Miano
- Sezione INFN di Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - A Mikulenko
- University of Leiden, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M C Montesi
- Sezione INFN di Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - F L Navarria
- Sezione INFN di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Ogawa
- Toho University, 274-8510 Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
| | - N Okateva
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - M Ovchynnikov
- University of Leiden, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - G Paggi
- Sezione INFN di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - B D Park
- Department of Physics Education and RINS, Gyeongsang National University, 52828 Jinju, Korea
| | - A Pastore
- Sezione INFN di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | | | - D Podgrudkov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - N Polukhina
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - A Prota
- Sezione INFN di Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - A Quercia
- Sezione INFN di Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - S Ramos
- Laboratory of Instrumentation and Experimental Particle Physics (LIP), 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A Reghunath
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Roganova
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - F Ronchetti
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Rovelli
- Sezione INFN di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - O Ruchayskiy
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Ruf
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Sabate Gilarte
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Samoilov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - V Scalera
- Sezione INFN di Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli Parthenope, 80143 Napoli, Italy
| | - O Schneider
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - N Serra
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Shaposhnikov
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - V Shevchenko
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - T Shchedrina
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - L Shchutska
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - H Shibuya
- Toho University, 274-8510 Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
- Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, Bremen 28759, Germany
| | - S Simone
- Sezione INFN di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Università di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - G P Siroli
- Sezione INFN di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Sirri
- Sezione INFN di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Soares
- Laboratory of Instrumentation and Experimental Particle Physics (LIP), 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - O J Soto Sandoval
- Millennium Institute for Subatomic physics at high energy frontier-SAPHIR, Fernandez Concha 700, 7591538 Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Serena, Avenida Cisternas 1200, La Serena, Chile
| | - M Spurio
- Sezione INFN di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - N Starkov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - I Timiryasov
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - V Tioukov
- Sezione INFN di Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - C Trippl
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - E Ursov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - A Ustyuzhanin
- Sezione INFN di Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, Bremen 28759, Germany
| | | | - V Verguilov
- Faculty of Physics, Sofia University, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - C Vilela
- Laboratory of Instrumentation and Experimental Particle Physics (LIP), 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C Visone
- Sezione INFN di Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - R Wanke
- Institut für Physik and PRISMA Cluster of Excellence, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - E Yaman
- Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - C Yazici
- Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - C S Yoon
- Department of Physics Education and RINS, Gyeongsang National University, 52828 Jinju, Korea
| | - E Zaffaroni
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Zamora Saa
- Millennium Institute for Subatomic physics at high energy frontier-SAPHIR, Fernandez Concha 700, 7591538 Santiago, Chile
- Center for Theoretical and Experimental Particle Physics, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Fernandez Concha 700, Santiago, Chile
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Agafonova N, Alexandrov A, Anokhina A, Aoki S, Ariga A, Ariga T, Bertolin A, Bozza C, Brugnera R, Buonaura A, Buontempo S, Chernyavskiy M, Chukanov A, Consiglio L, D'Ambrosio N, De Lellis G, De Serio M, Del Amo Sanchez P, Di Crescenzo A, Di Ferdinando D, Di Marco N, Dmitrievsky S, Dracos M, Duchesneau D, Dusini S, Dzhatdoev T, Ebert J, Ereditato A, Fini RA, Fornari F, Fukuda T, Galati G, Garfagnini A, Gentile V, Goldberg J, Gorbunov S, Gornushkin Y, Grella G, Guler AM, Gustavino C, Hagner C, Hara T, Hayakawa T, Hollnagel A, Ishiguro K, Iuliano A, Jakovčić K, Jollet C, Kamiscioglu C, Kamiscioglu M, Kim SH, Kitagawa N, Kliček B, Kodama K, Komatsu M, Kose U, Kreslo I, Laudisio F, Lauria A, Lavasa A, Longhin A, Loverre P, Malgin A, Mandrioli G, Matsuo T, Matveev V, Mauri N, Medinaceli E, Meregaglia A, Mikado S, Miyanishi M, Mizutani F, Monacelli P, Montesi MC, Morishima K, Muciaccia MT, Naganawa N, Naka T, Nakamura M, Nakano T, Niwa K, Ogawa S, Okateva N, Ozaki K, Paoloni A, Park BD, Pasqualini L, Pastore A, Patrizii L, Pessard H, Podgrudkov D, Polukhina N, Pozzato M, Pupilli F, Roda M, Roganova T, Rokujo H, Rosa G, Ryazhskaya O, Sato O, Shakirianova I, Schembri A, Shchedrina T, Shibayama E, Shibuya H, Shiraishi T, Šimko T, Simone S, Sirignano C, Sirri G, Sotnikov A, Spinetti M, Stanco L, Starkov N, Stellacci SM, Stipčević M, Strolin P, Takahashi S, Tenti M, Terranova F, Tioukov V, Tsanaktsidis I, Tufanli S, Ustyuzhanin A, Vasina S, Vidal García M, Vilain P, Voevodina E, Votano L, Vuilleumier JL, Wilquet G, Yoon CS. OPERA tau neutrino charged current interactions. Sci Data 2021; 8:218. [PMID: 34385471 PMCID: PMC8361145 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-021-00991-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The OPERA experiment was designed to discover the vτ appearance in a vμ beam, due to neutrino oscillations. The detector, located in the underground Gran Sasso Laboratory, consisted of a nuclear photographic emulsion/lead target with a mass of about 1.25 kt, complemented by electronic detectors. It was exposed from 2008 to 2012 to the CNGS beam: an almost pure vμ beam with a baseline of 730 km, collecting a total of 1.8·1020 protons on target. The OPERA Collaboration eventually assessed the discovery of vμ→vτ oscillations with a statistical significance of 6.1 σ by observing ten vτ CC interaction candidates. These events have been published on the Open Data Portal at CERN. This paper provides a detailed description of the vτ data sample to make it usable by the whole community.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Agafonova
- INR - Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - A Anokhina
- SINP MSU - Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - S Aoki
- Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - A Ariga
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - T Ariga
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - C Bozza
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Salerno and "Gruppo Collegato" INFN, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - R Brugnera
- INFN Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - A Buonaura
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università Federico II di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - M Chernyavskiy
- LPI - Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Chukanov
- JINR - Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | | | - N D'Ambrosio
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - G De Lellis
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università Federico II di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - M De Serio
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Bari, Bari, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - P Del Amo Sanchez
- LAPP, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - A Di Crescenzo
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università Federico II di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - N Di Marco
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- GSSI - Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - S Dmitrievsky
- JINR - Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia.
| | - M Dracos
- IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS/IN2P3, Strasbourg, France
| | - D Duchesneau
- LAPP, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - S Dusini
- INFN Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - T Dzhatdoev
- SINP MSU - Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - J Ebert
- Hamburg University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Ereditato
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - R A Fini
- INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - F Fornari
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - T Fukuda
- Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - G Galati
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università Federico II di Napoli, Napoli, Italy.
| | - A Garfagnini
- INFN Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - V Gentile
- GSSI - Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - J Goldberg
- Department of Physics, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - S Gorbunov
- LPI - Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Y Gornushkin
- JINR - Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - G Grella
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Salerno and "Gruppo Collegato" INFN, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - A M Guler
- METU - Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - C Hagner
- Hamburg University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Hara
- Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | | | | | | | - A Iuliano
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università Federico II di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - K Jakovčić
- Ruder Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - C Jollet
- IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS/IN2P3, Strasbourg, France
| | - C Kamiscioglu
- METU - Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
- Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Kamiscioglu
- METU - Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S H Kim
- Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwa-dong, Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | | | - B Kliček
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Ruder Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - K Kodama
- Aichi University of Education, Kariya, (Aichi-Ken), Japan
| | | | - U Kose
- INFN Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - I Kreslo
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - F Laudisio
- INFN Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - A Lauria
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università Federico II di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - A Longhin
- INFN Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - A Malgin
- INR - Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - T Matsuo
- Toho University, Funabashi, Japan
| | - V Matveev
- INR - Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - N Mauri
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - E Medinaceli
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Meregaglia
- IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS/IN2P3, Strasbourg, France
| | - S Mikado
- Nihon University, Narashino, Chiba, Japan
| | | | | | | | - M C Montesi
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università Federico II di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - M T Muciaccia
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Bari, Bari, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - T Naka
- Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - T Nakano
- Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - K Niwa
- Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - S Ogawa
- Toho University, Funabashi, Japan
| | - N Okateva
- LPI - Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - K Ozaki
- Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - A Paoloni
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati (Roma), Italy
| | - B D Park
- Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwa-dong, Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | - L Pasqualini
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - H Pessard
- LAPP, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - D Podgrudkov
- SINP MSU - Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - N Polukhina
- LPI - Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- MEPhI - Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Pozzato
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Pupilli
- INFN Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - M Roda
- INFN Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
- Physik-Institut, Universitaet Zuerich, Zuerich, Switzerland
| | - T Roganova
- SINP MSU - Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - H Rokujo
- Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - G Rosa
- INFN Sezione di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - O Ryazhskaya
- INR - Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - O Sato
- Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - I Shakirianova
- INR - Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Schembri
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - T Shchedrina
- LPI - Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - S Simone
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Bari, Bari, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - C Sirignano
- INFN Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - G Sirri
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Sotnikov
- JINR - Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - M Spinetti
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati (Roma), Italy
| | - L Stanco
- INFN Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - N Starkov
- LPI - Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - S M Stellacci
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Salerno and "Gruppo Collegato" INFN, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - M Stipčević
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Ruder Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - P Strolin
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università Federico II di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - M Tenti
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Terranova
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - V Tioukov
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - S Tufanli
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Ustyuzhanin
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- HSE - National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - S Vasina
- JINR - Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | | | - P Vilain
- IIHE, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - L Votano
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati (Roma), Italy
| | - J L Vuilleumier
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - G Wilquet
- IIHE, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C S Yoon
- Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwa-dong, Jinju, 660-701, Korea
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3
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Agafonova N, Alexandrov A, Anokhina A, Aoki S, Ariga A, Ariga T, Bertolin A, Bozza C, Brugnera R, Buonaura A, Buontempo S, Chernyavskiy M, Chukanov A, Consiglio L, D'Ambrosio N, De Lellis G, De Serio M, Del Amo Sanchez P, Di Crescenzo A, Di Ferdinando D, Di Marco N, Dmitrievsky S, Dracos M, Duchesneau D, Dusini S, Dzhatdoev T, Ebert J, Ereditato A, Favier J, Fini RA, Fornari F, Fukuda T, Galati G, Garfagnini A, Gentile V, Goldberg J, Gorbunov S, Gornushkin Y, Grella G, Guler AM, Gustavino C, Hagner C, Hara T, Hayakawa T, Hollnagel A, Ishiguro K, Iuliano A, Jakovcic K, Jollet C, Kamiscioglu C, Kamiscioglu M, Kim SH, Kitagawa N, Klicek B, Kodama K, Komatsu M, Kose U, Kreslo I, Laudisio F, Lauria A, Ljubicic A, Longhin A, Loverre P, Malenica M, Malgin A, Mandrioli G, Matsuo T, Matveev V, Mauri N, Medinaceli E, Meregaglia A, Mikado S, Miyanishi M, Mizutani F, Monacelli P, Montesi MC, Morishima K, Muciaccia MT, Naganawa N, Naka T, Nakamura M, Nakano T, Niwa K, Ogawa S, Okateva N, Olchevsky A, Ozaki K, Paoloni A, Paparella L, Park BD, Pasqualini L, Pastore A, Patrizii L, Pessard H, Pistillo C, Podgrudkov D, Polukhina N, Pozzato M, Pupilli F, Roda M, Roganova T, Rokujo H, Rosa G, Ryazhskaya O, Sadovsky A, Sato O, Schembri A, Shakiryanova I, Shchedrina T, Shibayama E, Shibuya H, Shiraishi T, Simone S, Sirignano C, Sirri G, Sotnikov A, Spinetti M, Stanco L, Starkov N, Stellacci SM, Stipcevic M, Strolin P, Takahashi S, Tenti M, Terranova F, Tioukov V, Tufanli S, Ustyuzhanin A, Vasina S, Vilain P, Voevodina E, Votano L, Vuilleumier JL, Wilquet G, Wonsak B, Yoon CS. Final Results of the OPERA Experiment on ν_{τ} Appearance in the CNGS Neutrino Beam. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:211801. [PMID: 29883136 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.211801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The OPERA experiment was designed to study ν_{μ}→ν_{τ} oscillations in the appearance mode in the CERN to Gran Sasso Neutrino beam (CNGS). In this Letter, we report the final analysis of the full data sample collected between 2008 and 2012, corresponding to 17.97×10^{19} protons on target. Selection criteria looser than in previous analyses have produced ten ν_{τ} candidate events, thus reducing the statistical uncertainty in the measurement of the oscillation parameters and of ν_{τ} properties. A multivariate approach for event identification has been applied to the candidate events and the discovery of ν_{τ} appearance is confirmed with an improved significance level of 6.1σ. |Δm_{32}^{2}| has been measured, in appearance mode, with an accuracy of 20%. The measurement of the ν_{τ} charged-current cross section, for the first time with a negligible contamination from ν[over ¯]_{τ}, and the first direct evidence for the ν_{τ} lepton number are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Agafonova
- INR-Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, RUS-117312 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - A Anokhina
- SINP MSU-Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, RUS-119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - S Aoki
- Kobe University, J-657-8501 Kobe, Japan
| | - A Ariga
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - T Ariga
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, J-819-0395 Fukuoka, Japan
| | - A Bertolin
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - C Bozza
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Salerno and "Gruppo Collegato" INFN, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - R Brugnera
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - A Buonaura
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università Federico II di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - S Buontempo
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - M Chernyavskiy
- LPI-Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, RUS-119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - A Chukanov
- JINR-Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RUS-141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - L Consiglio
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - N D'Ambrosio
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67010 Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - G De Lellis
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università Federico II di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - M De Serio
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - P Del Amo Sanchez
- LAPP, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - A Di Crescenzo
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università Federico II di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - N Di Marco
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67010 Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - S Dmitrievsky
- JINR-Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RUS-141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - M Dracos
- IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS/IN2P3, F-67037 Strasbourg, France
| | - D Duchesneau
- LAPP, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - S Dusini
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - T Dzhatdoev
- SINP MSU-Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, RUS-119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - J Ebert
- Hamburg University, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Ereditato
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Favier
- LAPP, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - R A Fini
- INFN Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - F Fornari
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università di Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - T Fukuda
- Nagoya University, J-464-8602 Nagoya, Japan
| | - G Galati
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università Federico II di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - A Garfagnini
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - V Gentile
- GSSI-Gran Sasso Science Institute, I-40127 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - J Goldberg
- Department of Physics, Technion, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - S Gorbunov
- LPI-Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, RUS-119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Y Gornushkin
- JINR-Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RUS-141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - G Grella
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Salerno and "Gruppo Collegato" INFN, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - A M Guler
- METU-Middle East Technical University, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - C Hagner
- Hamburg University, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Hara
- Kobe University, J-657-8501 Kobe, Japan
| | - T Hayakawa
- Nagoya University, J-464-8602 Nagoya, Japan
| | - A Hollnagel
- Hamburg University, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Ishiguro
- Nagoya University, J-464-8602 Nagoya, Japan
| | - A Iuliano
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università Federico II di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - K Jakovcic
- Ruder Bošković Institute, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - C Jollet
- IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS/IN2P3, F-67037 Strasbourg, France
| | - C Kamiscioglu
- METU-Middle East Technical University, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey
- Ankara University, TR-06560 Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Kamiscioglu
- METU-Middle East Technical University, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - S H Kim
- Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwa-dong, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - N Kitagawa
- Nagoya University, J-464-8602 Nagoya, Japan
| | - B Klicek
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Ruder Bośković Institute, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - K Kodama
- Aichi University of Education, J-448-8542 Kariya (Aichi-Ken), Japan
| | - M Komatsu
- Nagoya University, J-464-8602 Nagoya, Japan
| | - U Kose
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - I Kreslo
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - F Laudisio
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - A Lauria
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università Federico II di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - A Ljubicic
- Ruder Bošković Institute, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A Longhin
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - P Loverre
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - M Malenica
- Ruder Bošković Institute, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A Malgin
- INR-Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, RUS-117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - G Mandrioli
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - T Matsuo
- Toho University, J-274-8510 Funabashi, Japan
| | - V Matveev
- INR-Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, RUS-117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - N Mauri
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università di Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - E Medinaceli
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - A Meregaglia
- IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS/IN2P3, F-67037 Strasbourg, France
| | - S Mikado
- Nihon University, J-275-8576 Narashino, Chiba, Japan
| | | | | | | | - M C Montesi
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università Federico II di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - M T Muciaccia
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - N Naganawa
- Nagoya University, J-464-8602 Nagoya, Japan
| | - T Naka
- Nagoya University, J-464-8602 Nagoya, Japan
| | - M Nakamura
- Nagoya University, J-464-8602 Nagoya, Japan
| | - T Nakano
- Nagoya University, J-464-8602 Nagoya, Japan
| | - K Niwa
- Nagoya University, J-464-8602 Nagoya, Japan
| | - S Ogawa
- Toho University, J-274-8510 Funabashi, Japan
| | - N Okateva
- LPI-Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, RUS-119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - A Olchevsky
- JINR-Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RUS-141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - K Ozaki
- Kobe University, J-657-8501 Kobe, Japan
| | - A Paoloni
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy
| | - L Paparella
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - B D Park
- Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwa-dong, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - L Pasqualini
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università di Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - A Pastore
- INFN Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - L Patrizii
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - H Pessard
- LAPP, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - C Pistillo
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - D Podgrudkov
- SINP MSU-Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, RUS-119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - N Polukhina
- LPI-Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, RUS-119991 Moscow, Russia
- MEPhI-Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, RUS-115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - M Pozzato
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università di Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - F Pupilli
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Roda
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - T Roganova
- SINP MSU-Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, RUS-119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - H Rokujo
- Nagoya University, J-464-8602 Nagoya, Japan
| | - G Rosa
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - O Ryazhskaya
- INR-Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, RUS-117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - A Sadovsky
- JINR-Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RUS-141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - O Sato
- Nagoya University, J-464-8602 Nagoya, Japan
| | - A Schembri
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67010 Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - I Shakiryanova
- INR-Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, RUS-117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - T Shchedrina
- LPI-Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, RUS-119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - H Shibuya
- Toho University, J-274-8510 Funabashi, Japan
| | | | - S Simone
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - C Sirignano
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G Sirri
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - A Sotnikov
- JINR-Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RUS-141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - M Spinetti
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy
| | - L Stanco
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - N Starkov
- LPI-Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, RUS-119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - S M Stellacci
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Salerno and "Gruppo Collegato" INFN, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - M Stipcevic
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Ruder Bośković Institute, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - P Strolin
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università Federico II di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - M Tenti
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - F Terranova
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - V Tioukov
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - S Tufanli
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Ustyuzhanin
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- HSE-National Research University Higher School of Economics, RUS-101000, Moscow, Russia
| | - S Vasina
- JINR-Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RUS-141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - P Vilain
- IIHE, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Voevodina
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - L Votano
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy
| | - J L Vuilleumier
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - G Wilquet
- IIHE, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - B Wonsak
- Hamburg University, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C S Yoon
- Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwa-dong, Jinju 660-701, Korea
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Agafonova N, Aleksandrov A, Anokhina A, Aoki S, Ariga A, Ariga T, Bender D, Bertolin A, Bodnarchuk I, Bozza C, Brugnera R, Buonaura A, Buontempo S, Büttner B, Chernyavsky M, Chukanov A, Consiglio L, D'Ambrosio N, De Lellis G, De Serio M, Del Amo Sanchez P, Di Crescenzo A, Di Ferdinando D, Di Marco N, Dmitrievski S, Dracos M, Duchesneau D, Dusini S, Dzhatdoev T, Ebert J, Ereditato A, Fini RA, Fornari F, Fukuda T, Galati G, Garfagnini A, Goldberg J, Gornushkin Y, Grella G, Guler AM, Gustavino C, Hagner C, Hara T, Hayakawa H, Hollnagel A, Hosseini B, Ishiguro K, Jakovcic K, Jollet C, Kamiscioglu C, Kamiscioglu M, Kim JH, Kim SH, Kitagawa N, Klicek B, Kodama K, Komatsu M, Kose U, Kreslo I, Laudisio F, Lauria A, Ljubicic A, Longhin A, Loverre PF, Malgin A, Malenica M, Mandrioli G, Matsuo T, Matsushita T, Matveev V, Mauri N, Medinaceli E, Meregaglia A, Mikado S, Miyanishi M, Mizutani F, Monacelli P, Montesi MC, Morishima K, Muciaccia MT, Naganawa N, Naka T, Nakamura M, Nakano T, Nakatsuka Y, Niwa K, Ogawa S, Olchevsky A, Omura T, Ozaki K, Paoloni A, Paparella L, Park BD, Park IG, Pasqualini L, Pastore A, Patrizii L, Pessard H, Pistillo C, Podgrudkov D, Polukhina N, Pozzato M, Pupilli F, Roda M, Roganova T, Rokujo H, Rosa G, Ryazhskaya O, Sato O, Schembri A, Schmidt-Parzefall W, Shakirianova I, Shchedrina T, Sheshukov A, Shibuya H, Shiraishi T, Shoziyoev G, Simone S, Sioli M, Sirignano C, Sirri G, Sotnikov A, Spinetti M, Stanco L, Starkov N, Stellacci SM, Stipcevic M, Strolin P, Takahashi S, Tenti M, Terranova F, Tioukov V, Tufanli S, Vilain P, Vladymyrov M, Votano L, Vuilleumier JL, Wilquet G, Wonsak B, Yoon CS, Zemskova S. Discovery of τ Neutrino Appearance in the CNGS Neutrino Beam with the OPERA Experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:121802. [PMID: 26430986 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.121802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The OPERA experiment was designed to search for ν_{μ}→ν_{τ} oscillations in appearance mode, i.e., by detecting the τ leptons produced in charged current ν_{τ} interactions. The experiment took data from 2008 to 2012 in the CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso beam. The observation of the ν_{μ}→ν_{τ} appearance, achieved with four candidate events in a subsample of the data, was previously reported. In this Letter, a fifth ν_{τ} candidate event, found in an enlarged data sample, is described. Together with a further reduction of the expected background, the candidate events detected so far allow us to assess the discovery of ν_{μ}→ν_{τ} oscillations in appearance mode with a significance larger than 5σ.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Agafonova
- INR-Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, RUS-117312 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - A Anokhina
- SINP MSU-Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, RUS-119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - S Aoki
- Kobe University, J-657-8501 Kobe, Japan
| | - A Ariga
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - T Ariga
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - D Bender
- METU-Middle East Technical University, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Bertolin
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - I Bodnarchuk
- JINR-Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RUS-141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - C Bozza
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Salerno and "Gruppo Collegato" INFN, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - R Brugnera
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - A Buonaura
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, 80125 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università Federico II di Napoli, I-80125 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - B Büttner
- Hamburg University, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Chernyavsky
- LPI-Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, RUS-119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - A Chukanov
- JINR-Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RUS-141980 Dubna, Russia
| | | | - N D'Ambrosio
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67010 Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - G De Lellis
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, 80125 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università Federico II di Napoli, I-80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - M De Serio
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - P Del Amo Sanchez
- LAPP, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | | | | | - N Di Marco
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67010 Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - S Dmitrievski
- JINR-Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RUS-141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - M Dracos
- IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS/IN2P3, F-67037 Strasbourg, France
| | - D Duchesneau
- LAPP, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - S Dusini
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - T Dzhatdoev
- SINP MSU-Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, RUS-119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - J Ebert
- Hamburg University, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Ereditato
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - R A Fini
- INFN Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - F Fornari
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università di Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - T Fukuda
- Toho University, J-274-8510 Funabashi, Japan
| | - G Galati
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, 80125 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università Federico II di Napoli, I-80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - A Garfagnini
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - J Goldberg
- Department of Physics, Technion, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Y Gornushkin
- JINR-Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RUS-141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - G Grella
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Salerno and "Gruppo Collegato" INFN, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - A M Guler
- METU-Middle East Technical University, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - C Hagner
- Hamburg University, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Hara
- Kobe University, J-657-8501 Kobe, Japan
| | - H Hayakawa
- Nagoya University, J-464-8602 Nagoya, Japan
| | - A Hollnagel
- Hamburg University, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Hosseini
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, 80125 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università Federico II di Napoli, I-80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - K Ishiguro
- Nagoya University, J-464-8602 Nagoya, Japan
| | - K Jakovcic
- IRB-Rudjer Boskovic Institute, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - C Jollet
- IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS/IN2P3, F-67037 Strasbourg, France
| | - C Kamiscioglu
- METU-Middle East Technical University, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Kamiscioglu
- METU-Middle East Technical University, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey
| | - J H Kim
- Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwa-dong, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - S H Kim
- Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwa-dong, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - N Kitagawa
- Nagoya University, J-464-8602 Nagoya, Japan
| | - B Klicek
- IRB-Rudjer Boskovic Institute, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - K Kodama
- Aichi University of Education, J-448-8542 Kariya (Aichi-Ken), Japan
| | - M Komatsu
- Nagoya University, J-464-8602 Nagoya, Japan
| | - U Kose
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - I Kreslo
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - F Laudisio
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Salerno and "Gruppo Collegato" INFN, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - A Lauria
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, 80125 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università Federico II di Napoli, I-80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - A Ljubicic
- IRB-Rudjer Boskovic Institute, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A Longhin
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy
| | - P F Loverre
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A Malgin
- INR-Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, RUS-117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - M Malenica
- IRB-Rudjer Boskovic Institute, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - G Mandrioli
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - T Matsuo
- Toho University, J-274-8510 Funabashi, Japan
| | | | - V Matveev
- INR-Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, RUS-117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - N Mauri
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università di Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - E Medinaceli
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - A Meregaglia
- IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS/IN2P3, F-67037 Strasbourg, France
| | - S Mikado
- Nihon University, J-275-8576 Narashino, Chiba, Japan
| | | | | | | | - M C Montesi
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, 80125 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università Federico II di Napoli, I-80125 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - M T Muciaccia
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - N Naganawa
- Nagoya University, J-464-8602 Nagoya, Japan
| | - T Naka
- Nagoya University, J-464-8602 Nagoya, Japan
| | - M Nakamura
- Nagoya University, J-464-8602 Nagoya, Japan
| | - T Nakano
- Nagoya University, J-464-8602 Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - K Niwa
- Nagoya University, J-464-8602 Nagoya, Japan
| | - S Ogawa
- Toho University, J-274-8510 Funabashi, Japan
| | - A Olchevsky
- JINR-Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RUS-141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - T Omura
- Nagoya University, J-464-8602 Nagoya, Japan
| | - K Ozaki
- Kobe University, J-657-8501 Kobe, Japan
| | - A Paoloni
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy
| | - L Paparella
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - B D Park
- Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwa-dong, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - I G Park
- Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwa-dong, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - L Pasqualini
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università di Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - A Pastore
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - L Patrizii
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - H Pessard
- LAPP, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - C Pistillo
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - D Podgrudkov
- SINP MSU-Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, RUS-119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - N Polukhina
- LPI-Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, RUS-119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - M Pozzato
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università di Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - F Pupilli
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy
| | - M Roda
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - T Roganova
- SINP MSU-Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, RUS-119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - H Rokujo
- Nagoya University, J-464-8602 Nagoya, Japan
| | - G Rosa
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - O Ryazhskaya
- INR-Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, RUS-117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - O Sato
- Nagoya University, J-464-8602 Nagoya, Japan
| | - A Schembri
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67010 Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | | | - I Shakirianova
- INR-Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, RUS-117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - T Shchedrina
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università Federico II di Napoli, I-80125 Napoli, Italy
- LPI-Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, RUS-119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - A Sheshukov
- JINR-Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RUS-141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - H Shibuya
- Toho University, J-274-8510 Funabashi, Japan
| | | | - G Shoziyoev
- SINP MSU-Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, RUS-119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - S Simone
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M Sioli
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università di Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Sirignano
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G Sirri
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - A Sotnikov
- JINR-Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RUS-141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - M Spinetti
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy
| | - L Stanco
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - N Starkov
- LPI-Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, RUS-119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - S M Stellacci
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Salerno and "Gruppo Collegato" INFN, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - M Stipcevic
- IRB-Rudjer Boskovic Institute, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - P Strolin
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, 80125 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università Federico II di Napoli, I-80125 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - M Tenti
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - F Terranova
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - V Tioukov
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - S Tufanli
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - P Vilain
- IIHE, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Vladymyrov
- LPI-Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, RUS-119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - L Votano
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy
| | - J L Vuilleumier
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - G Wilquet
- IIHE, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - B Wonsak
- Hamburg University, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C S Yoon
- Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwa-dong, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - S Zemskova
- JINR-Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RUS-141980 Dubna, Russia
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