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Omoniyi PO, Mahamood RM, Arthur N, Pityana S, Skhosane S, Okamoto Y, Shinonaga T, Maina MR, Jen TC, Akinlabi ET. Joint integrity evaluation of laser beam welded additive manufactured Ti6Al4V sheets. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4062. [PMID: 35260750 PMCID: PMC8904478 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08122-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The feasibility of joining laser metal deposited Ti6Al4V sheets using laser beam welding was investigated in this article. The additive manufactured sheets were joined using a 3 kW CW YLS-2000-TR ytterbium laser system. The mechanical properties and microstructure of the welded additive manufactured parts (AM welds) were compared with those of the wrought sheets welded using the same laser process. The welds were characterized and compared in terms of bead geometry, microhardness, tensile strength, fractography, and microstructure. The differences in characteristics are majorly found in the width of the bead and tensile strength. The bead width of AM welds appear wider than the wrought welds, and the wrought welds exhibited higher tensile strength and ductility than the AM welds.
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Affiliation(s)
- P O Omoniyi
- Mechanical Engineering Science Department, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 524, Johannesburg, South Africa. .,Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - R M Mahamood
- Mechanical Engineering Science Department, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 524, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - N Arthur
- National Laser Centre, CSIR, P. O. Box 395, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - S Pityana
- National Laser Centre, CSIR, P. O. Box 395, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - S Skhosane
- National Laser Centre, CSIR, P. O. Box 395, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Y Okamoto
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - T Shinonaga
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - M R Maina
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - T C Jen
- Mechanical Engineering Science Department, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 524, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - E T Akinlabi
- Mechanical Engineering Science Department, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 524, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Pan Africa University for Life and Earth Sciences Institute, 200132, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Woda C, Hiller M, Ulanowski A, Bugrov NG, Degteva MO, Ivanov O, Romanov S, Tschiersch J, Shinonaga T. Luminescence dosimetry for evaluation of the external exposure in Metlino, upper Techa River valley, due to the shore of the Metlinsky Pond: A feasibility study. J Environ Radioact 2020; 214-215:106152. [PMID: 32063284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.106152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Luminescence dosimetry was performed using bricks from the former settlement of Metlino, Southern Urals, Russia, to investigate the feasibility of validating the Techa River Dosimetry System (TRDS) 2016 for the shore of the Metlinsky Pond, upper Techa River region. TRDS is a code for estimating external and internal doses for members of the Extended Techa River Cohort. Several brick samples were taken from the north-western wall of the granary, facing the Metlinsky Pond. Samples were measured at different heights and at different depths into the bricks. Dating of the granary was performed by analyzing well shielded bricks. Assessment of the gamma dose-rate at the sample positions was done by thermoluminescent dosimeters and the dose-rate in front of the granary mapped with a dose-rate meter. Anthropogenic doses in bricks vary from 0.8 to 1.7 Gy and show an increase with sampling height. A similar height profile is observed for the current gamma dose-rate, which is compatible with the results of the dose-rate mapping. Implications for validating the TRDS are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Woda
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Radiation Medicine, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - M Hiller
- Independent Researcher, Stolberg, Germany
| | - A Ulanowski
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Radiation Medicine, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA Environmental Laboratories, A-2444, Seibesdorf, Austria
| | - N G Bugrov
- Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - M O Degteva
- Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - O Ivanov
- National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - S Romanov
- Southern Urals Biophysics Institute, Ozyorsk, Russia
| | - J Tschiersch
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Radiation Medicine, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - T Shinonaga
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Former Institute of Radiation Protection, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
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Orabi M, Abd-Elkader MM, Shinonaga T, Sherif MM. Applying a simulation model to estimate the annual radiation doses in the North-Sinai Peninsula of Egypt and in the Gaza Strip in Palestine. Eur Phys J Plus 2018; 133:222. [DOI: 10.1140/epjp/i2018-12052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Shinonaga T, Schimmack W, Gerzabek MH. Vertical migration of 60Co, 137Cs and 226Ra in agricultural soils as observed in lysimeters under crop rotation. J Environ Radioact 2005; 79:93-106. [PMID: 15603900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2003] [Revised: 05/18/2004] [Accepted: 05/26/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In most studies quantifying the migration parameters - apparent migration velocity and apparent dispersion coefficient - of radionuclides in the soil by model calculations, these parameters are determined for undisturbed soils. For soils disturbed by ploughing, however, no such data are available in the literature. Therefore, in the present study, the migration parameters of (137)Cs, (60)Co and (226)Ra were estimated for ploughed soils by means of a convection-dispersion model. The depth distributions of the radionuclides were determined in four lysimeters (area: 1m(2), depth of soil monolith: 0.75m) filled with artificially contaminated soils of different types in July 1990. The lysimeters were cropped with agricultural plants. The soil in each lysimeter was ploughed manually once a year until 1996 (plough depth 20cm). In July 1999, soil samples were collected from three pits in each lysimeter. The depth distributions of all radionuclides proved to be very similar in each soil pit. The spatial variability of the depth distributions of a given radionuclide within the lysimeters was about the same as their variability between the four lysimeters. Evaluation of the migration parameters revealed that the convective transport of the radionuclides was always rather small or even zero, while the dispersive transport caused a "melting" process of the initially sharp activity edge at the lower border of the Ap horizon. These results are explained by the high evapotranspiration (80-90% of the total precipitation plus irrigation) and the small amounts of seepage water during the observation period of 9 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shinonaga
- Division of Environmental and Life Science, ARC Seibersdorf Research, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
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Abstract
The concentrations of iodine in cereal grains cultivated at 38 locations in Austria from cereal-producing sites in agricultural areas and soil-to-grain transfer factors (TF) were determined. The concentrations of iodine in cereal grains, which were analyzed by radiochemical neutron activation analysis ranged from 0.002 to 0.03 microg g(-1), the arithmetic mean and the median were 0.0061 microg g(-1) and 0.0046 microg g(-1), respectively. The TF values for cereal grains were calculated to be 0.0005-0.02 and the median was 0.0016. The TF values correlated positively with the iodine concentrations in cereal grains. However, the TF values correlated negatively with the iodine concentrations in soils as well as with the amount of clay contents of soils. The TF values were almost independent on pH values (5.4-7.6) of soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shinonaga
- Austrian Research Centers Seibersdorf, Austria
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Abstract
The uptake and translocation of trace elements in maturing soybean plants cultivated on soil were studied over 360 h under diurnal conditions after the administration of a multitracer. The contents (%/g) of Co, Se, Rb, Sr, Ru, Rh, and Cs in all the leaves and stems collected from each node increased up to around 200 h after the administration of the multitracer and then decreased with time. The contents of Zn, Tc, and Re in the leaves and Zn in the stems continuously increased up to 360 h, but Tc and Re in the stems showed maximum content. This observation suggests the translocation of these elements from old leaves to growing leaves via stems. The relationship between the content (%/g) of an element in the seeds and pods, and the cultivation time varied depending on the kind of element and on the growth steps. Mathematical analyses were applied to the behavior of the elements in the soybean. The time dependence of the uptake rate (%/g/h) and distribution of elements in each part of the plant were characteristic of the element.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shinonaga
- The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Wako, Saitama, Japan
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