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Wick M, Quinn M, Mangold A, Gamez L, Diaz A, Vaught T, Reyna J, Tolcher A, Rasco D, Patnaik A, Papadopoulos K. Establishment and characterization of a hormone dependent, PSA/PSMA positive prostate PDX model. Eur J Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)32935-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wick M, Moriarty A, Quinn M, Vaught T, Rundle M, Tolcher A, Rasco D, Patnaik A, Papadopoulos K. Development and characterization of HER2+ T-DM1-resistant breast cancer PDX models. Eur J Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)32763-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wick MJ, Vaught T, Meade J, Gamez L, Farley M, Tolcher AW, Rasco D, Patnaik A, Drengler RL, Rosenthal A, Papadopoulos KP. Abstract P3-03-05: Establishment and evaluation of ER+ breast cancer models using an optimized methodology for exogenous hormone delivery. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs15-p3-03-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Preclinical in vivo models of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer rely on exogenous supplementation of hormones for growth. This requirement leads to animal toxicity and mortality over time, limiting development and drug testing in these types of models. Efficacy of test agents, particularly endocrine therapies, may also be altered in these models due to excessive hormone exposure, highlighting the need to improve methods for the establishment and testing of ER+ breast models.
We have developed an alternative method of hormone supplementation in ER+ breast cancer models and optimized this method for testing of endocrine therapies. Using two cell-based breast models, we demonstrated improved breast tumor take and time to tumor volume endpoint while reducing animal toxicity and mortality associated with standard hormone supplementation. Subsequent studies identified the lowest effective dose (LED) of supplement for hormone dependent model growth with a preclinically relevant time to tumor volume endpoint. Activity of endocrine therapies including tamoxifen, letrozole, fulvestrant and exemestane were compared at the standard and LED hormone concentrations. In these studies tamoxifen treatment resulted in tumor regressions which was not appreciably improved using the LED dose of supplement. However letrozole activity was improved in the LED study suggesting hormone supplementation can impact activity of some agents. Using this process we also generated a panel of ER+ patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, including two novel hormone therapy responsive models from chemo-naïve or hormone therapy pretreated patients, designated ST986 and ST2177, respectively.
This improved method of hormone supplementation diminishes the adverse effects of standard hormone supplementation and provides utility for development of anticancer therapies in ER+ breast models.
Citation Format: Wick MJ, Vaught T, Meade J, Gamez L, Farley M, Tolcher AW, Rasco D, Patnaik A, Drengler RL, Rosenthal A, Papadopoulos KP. Establishment and evaluation of ER+ breast cancer models using an optimized methodology for exogenous hormone delivery. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-03-05.
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Affiliation(s)
- MJ Wick
- START, San Antonio, TX; START Center, San Antonio, TX
| | - T Vaught
- START, San Antonio, TX; START Center, San Antonio, TX
| | - J Meade
- START, San Antonio, TX; START Center, San Antonio, TX
| | - L Gamez
- START, San Antonio, TX; START Center, San Antonio, TX
| | - M Farley
- START, San Antonio, TX; START Center, San Antonio, TX
| | - AW Tolcher
- START, San Antonio, TX; START Center, San Antonio, TX
| | - D Rasco
- START, San Antonio, TX; START Center, San Antonio, TX
| | - A Patnaik
- START, San Antonio, TX; START Center, San Antonio, TX
| | - RL Drengler
- START, San Antonio, TX; START Center, San Antonio, TX
| | - A Rosenthal
- START, San Antonio, TX; START Center, San Antonio, TX
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Wick M, Vaught T, Gamez L, Meade J, Diaz A, Papadopoulos K, Rasco D, Patnaik A, Beeram M, Lang A, Tolcher A. 96 Evaluation of hormone therapies in a panel of breast PDX models: Relevance of ER status on sensitivity to letrozole and tamoxifen. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)70222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wick M, Meade J, Vaught T, Nehls M, Flores J, Kaufman J, Tolcher A, Rasco D, Patnaik A, Moskaluk C, Papadopoulos K. 97 Utilization of low passage adenoid cystic carcinoma PDX models to identify novel combination therapies. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)70223-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wick M, Meade J, Nehls M, Vaught T, Carlile J, Tolcher A, Rasco D, Patnaik A, Papadopoulos K. 18 Establishment and characterization of a Merkel Cell carcinoma PDX panel: Screening for potentially useful therapies. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)70144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Wick M, Vaught T, Thangasamy A, Meade J, Tolcher A, Patnaik A, Smith L, Drengler R, White A, Papadopoulos K. 189 Establishment, Characterization and in Vivo Evaluation of Preclinical Tumor Models to Elucidate Differential Response to EGFR-targeted Therapies. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)71987-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wick M, Vaught T, Kelly S, Farley M, Tolcher A, Rosenthal A, Rodriguez L, Beeram M, Lang A, Papadopoulos K. 56 Establishment, Characterization and Evaluation of a Panel of Patient-derived Low Passage Breast Tumor Models. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)71854-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Mendicino M, Ramsoondar J, Phelps C, Vaught T, Ball S, LeRoith T, Monahan J, Chen S, Dandro A, Boone J, Jobst P, Vance A, Wertz N, Bergman Z, Sun XZ, Polejaeva I, Butler J, Dai Y, Ayares D, Wells K. Generation of antibody- and B cell-deficient pigs by targeted disruption of the J-region gene segment of the heavy chain locus. Transgenic Res 2010; 20:625-41. [PMID: 20872248 PMCID: PMC7089184 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-010-9444-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A poly(A)-trap gene targeting strategy was used to disrupt the single functional heavy chain (HC) joining region (JH) of swine in primary fibroblasts. Genetically modified piglets were then generated via somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and bred to yield litters comprising JH wild-type littermate (+/+), JH heterozygous knockout (±) and JH homozygous knockout (−/−) piglets in the expected Mendelian ratio of 1:2:1. There are only two other targeted loci previously published in swine, and this is the first successful poly(A)-trap strategy ever published in a livestock species. In either blood or secondary lymphoid tissues, flow cytometry, RT-PCR and ELISA detected no circulating IgM+ B cells, and no transcription or secretion of immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes, respectively in JH −/− pigs. Histochemical and immunohistochemical (IHC) studies failed to detect lymph node (LN) follicles or CD79α+ B cells, respectively in JH −/− pigs. T cell receptor (TCR)β transcription and T cells were detected in JH −/− pigs. When reared conventionally, JH −/− pigs succumbed to bacterial infections after weaning. These antibody (Ab)- and B cell-deficient pigs have significant value as models for both veterinary and human research to discriminate cellular and humoral protective immunity to infectious agents. Thus, these pigs may aid in vaccine development for infectious agents such as the pandemic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and H1N1 swine flu. These pigs are also a first significant step towards generating a pig that expresses fully human, antigen-specific polyclonal Ab to target numerous incurable infectious diseases with high unmet clinical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mendicino
- Revivicor, Inc., 1700 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
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Ramsoondar J, Mendicino M, Phelps C, Vaught T, Ball S, Monahan J, Chen S, Dandro A, Boone J, Jobst P, Vance A, Wertz N, Polejaeva I, Butler J, Dai Y, Ayares D, Wells K. Targeted disruption of the porcine immunoglobulin kappa light chain locus. Transgenic Res 2010; 20:643-53. [PMID: 20872247 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-010-9445-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Inactivation of the endogenous pig immunoglobulin (Ig) loci, and replacement with their human counterparts, would produce animals that could alleviate both the supply and specificity issues of therapeutic human polyclonal antibodies (PAbs). Platform genetics are being developed in pigs that have all endogenous Ig loci inactivated and replaced by human counterparts, in order to address this unmet clinical need. This report describes the deletion of the porcine kappa (κ) light chain constant (Cκ) region in pig primary fetal fibroblasts (PPFFs) using gene targeting technology, and the generation of live animals from these cells via somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) cloning. There are only two other targeted loci previously published in swine, and this is the first report of a targeted disruption of an Ig light chain locus in a livestock species. Pigs with one targeted Cκ allele (heterozygous knockout or ±) were bred together to generate Cκ homozygous knockout (-/-) animals. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) from Cκ -/- pigs were devoid of κ-containing Igs. Furthermore, there was an increase in lambda (λ) light chain expression when compared to that of wild-type littermates (Cκ +/+). Targeted inactivation of the Ig heavy chain locus has also been achieved and work is underway to inactivate the pig lambda light chain locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ramsoondar
- Revivicor, Inc., 1700 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
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Zhi-Jun Y, Sriranganathan N, Vaught T, Arastu SK, Ahmed SA. A dye-based lymphocyte proliferation assay that permits multiple immunological analyses: mRNA, cytogenetic, apoptosis, and immunophenotyping studies. J Immunol Methods 1997; 210:25-39. [PMID: 9502582 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(97)00171-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alamar Blue in the microenvironment of activated cells, undergoes color change and also becomes fluorescent. By using the Alamar Blue dye, we have reported a non-radioactive colorimetric assay to indirectly determine proliferation of murine lymphocytes. We further show that the pattern of mitogen-induced proliferation assessed fluorometrically was comparable to the 3H-thymidine incorporation assay (3H-Tdr assay). Of practical importance is that the color/fluorescence changes were stable at 4 degrees C in the dark for 3-4 weeks. In immunological studies, it is important to further analyze lymphocytes that have undergone activation and/or proliferation. This is not possible with the standard 3H-Tdr assay, which requires lysis of cells. In contrast, the Alamar Blue-based non-radioactive assay does not require cell lysis. We therefore tested the hypothesis that further analysis of lymphocytes is possible, after assessing the proliferation using Alamar Blue. Following assessment of proliferation in a 72-h culture, the Alamar Blue dye was washed-off and cells were re-utilized to perform additional immunological analysis. Short-term exposure of lymphocytes to Alamar Blue was not detrimental to lymphocytes, as assessed by trypan blue exclusion and the propidium iodide (PI) assays. Exposure of dexamethasone-treated cells to Alamar Blue did not interfere with the performance of apoptosis assays, such as flow cytometric analysis of PI-stained cells and microscopic examination of ethidium bromide/acridine orange-stained cells. In addition, prior exposure of lymphocytes to Alamar Blue did not affect the analysis of chromosomal aberrations or the visualization of cell surface antigens by flow cytometry. Further, the expression of cytokine mRNA in lymphocytes previously exposed to Alamar Blue was similar to unexposed cells. Together, a notable advantage of this assay is that it now enables the investigator to maximize information by following or correlating proliferation with other immunologic events in the same cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhi-Jun
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Te
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