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Krause S, Vosch T. Stokes shift microscopy by excitation and emission imaging. Opt Express 2019; 27:8208-8220. [PMID: 31052643 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.008208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this contribution, we present a new method, based on a tunable excitation laser source and a robust common path interferometer in the detection channel. Its purpose is to image spectral excitation and emission information on a monochrome complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) camera. This allows us to spatially obtain both excitation and emission spectra of the whole imaged area and create derived images such as red-green-blue (RGB), excitation and emission maxima, and Stokes shift images. Our presented method is a further development of hyperspectral imaging that usually is limited to recording spatially resolved emission spectra. Taking advantage of the full camera chip should speed up the acquisition versus line scan or pointwise hyperspectral imaging.
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Rosenberg M, Rostgaard KR, Liao Z, Madsen AØ, Martinez KL, Vosch T, Laursen BW. Design, synthesis, and time-gated cell imaging of carbon-bridged triangulenium dyes with long fluorescence lifetime and red emission. Chem Sci 2018; 9:3122-3130. [PMID: 29780456 PMCID: PMC5932597 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00089a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Time-resolved fluorescence offers many advantages over normal steady-state detection and becomes increasingly important in bioimaging. However, only very few fluorophores with emission in the visible range and fluorescence lifetimes above 5 ns are available. In this work, we prepare a series of new aza/oxa-triangulenium dyes where one of the usual oxa or aza bridges is replaced by an isopropyl bridge. This leads to a significant redshift of fluorescence with only moderate reductions of quantum yields and a unique long fluorescence lifetime. The fluorescence of the isopropyl bridged diazatriangulenium derivative CDATA+ is red-shifted by 50 nm (1400 cm-1) as compared to the oxygen-bridged DAOTA+ chromophore and has intense emission in the red region (600-700 nm) with a quantum yield of 61%, and a fluorescence lifetime of 15.8 ns in apolar solution. When the CDATA+ dye is used as cell stain, high photostability and efficient time-gated cell imaging is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rosenberg
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark . ;
| | - K R Rostgaard
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark . ;
| | - Z Liao
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark . ;
| | - A Ø Madsen
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark
| | - K L Martinez
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark . ;
| | - T Vosch
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark . ;
| | - B W Laursen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark . ;
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Tikhomirov VK, Vosch T, Fron E, Rodríguez VD, Velázquez JJ, Kirilenko D, Van Tendeloo G, Hofkens J, Van der Auweraer M, Moshchalkov VV. Luminescence of oxyfluoride glasses co-doped with Ag nanoclusters and Yb3+ions. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ra01026c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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de Clippel F, Harkiolakis A, Ke X, Vosch T, Van Tendeloo G, Baron GV, Jacobs PA, Denayer JFM, Sels BF. Molecular sieve properties of mesoporous silica with intraporous nanocarbon. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:928-30. [DOI: 10.1039/b918864a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Single-molecule spectroscopy of well-chosen dendritic multichromophoric systems allows investigation of fundamental photophysical processes such as energy or electron transfer in much greater detail than the respective ensemble measurements. In dendrimers with multiple chromophores, energy hopping and transfer to the chromophore with the energetically lowest S(1) state was observed. If more than one chromophore is in an excited state in one molecule, annihilation, either singlet-triplet or singlet-singlet, can occur. In the latter case, a higher singlet state is populated opening new deactivation pathways. In the presence of an electron donor, reversible electron transfer could be observed, and the rate constants of forward and backward electron transfer were established. The value of these rate constants fluctuates time-correlated with the rotational motion of the dendrimer arms and the mobility of the embedding matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C De Schryver
- Department of Chemistry, KULeuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
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Vosch T. Structural isomers visualized in a rigid dendrimer with four perylene imide chromophores. Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(02)00698-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
A novel synthesis is presented of a fourfold ethynyl-substituted perylene diimide dye 4, which acts as a core molecule for the buildup of polyphenylene dendrimers. Around the luminescent core 4, a first-generation (5), a second-generation (6), and a third-generation (7) polyphenylene dendritic environment consisting of pentaphenylbenzene building blocks are constructed. The dendrimers 5 and 6 are synthesized by an exclusively divergent route, whereas for 7, a combination of a divergent and convergent approaches is applied. Absorption and emission spectra of 5-7 in different solvents and in a film have been measured and compared to a nondendronized model compound 13. In solution, the internal chromophore is scarcely influenced by the dendritic scaffold; however, in the solid state, aggregation of the perylene diimide is prevented very effectively by the four rigid dendrons. Additionally, fluorescence quantum yields in solution have been determined for 5-7 and 13; they decrease as the number of generation increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Herrmann
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
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Hofkens J, Schroeyers W, Loos D, Cotlet M, Köhn F, Vosch T, Maus M, Herrmann A, Müllen K, Gensch T, De Schryver FC. Triplet states as non-radiative traps in multichromophoric entities: single molecule spectroscopy of an artificial and natural antenna system. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2001; 57:2093-2107. [PMID: 11603833 DOI: 10.1016/s1386-1425(01)00499-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Energy transfer in antenna systems, ordered arrays of chromophores, is one of the key steps in the photosynthetic process. The photophysical processes taking place in such multichromophoric systems, even at the single molecule level, are complicated and not yet fully understood. Instead of directly studying individual antenna systems, we have chosen to focus first on systems for which the amount of chromophores and the interactions among the chromophores can be varied in a systematic way. Dendrimers with a controlled number of chromophores at the rim fulfill those requirements perfectly. A detailed photophysical study of a second-generation dendrimer, containing eight peryleneimide chromophores at the rim, was performed 'J. Am. Chem. Soc., 122 (2000) 9278'. One of the most intriguing findings was the presence of collective on/off jumps in the fluorescence intensity traces of the dendrimers. This phenomenon can be explained by assuming a simultaneous presence of both a radiative trap (energetically lowest chromophoric site) and a non-radiative trap (triplet state of one chromophore) within one individual dendrimer. It was shown that an analogue scheme could explain the collective on/off jumps in the fluorescence intensity traces of the photosynthetic pigment B-phycoerythrin (B-PE) (Porphyridium cruentum). The different values of the triplet lifetime that could be recovered for a fluorescence intensity trace of B-PE were correlated with different intensity levels in the trace, suggesting different chromophores acting as a trap as function of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hofkens
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.
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Maus M, De R, Lor M, Weil T, Mitra S, Wiesler UM, Herrmann A, Hofkens J, Vosch T, Müllen K, De Schryver FC. Intramolecular energy hopping and energy trapping in polyphenylene dendrimers with multiple peryleneimide donor chromophores and a terryleneimide acceptor trap chromophore. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:7668-76. [PMID: 11480989 DOI: 10.1021/ja010570e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Intramolecular Förster-type excitation energy transfer (FRET) processes in a series of first-generation polyphenylene dendrimers substituted with spatially well-separated peryleneimide chromophores and a terryleneimide energy-trapping chromophore at the rim were investigated by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Energy-hopping processes among the peryleneimide chromophores are revealed by anisotropy decay times of 50--80 ps consistent with a FRET rate constant of k(hopp) = 4.6 ns(-1). If a terryleneimide chromophore is present at the rim of the dendrimer together with three peryleneimide chromophores, more than 95% of the energy harvested by the peryleneimide chromophores is transferred and trapped in the terryleneimide. The two decay times (tau(1) = 52 ps and tau(2) = 175 ps) found for the peryleneimide emission band are recovered as rise times at the terryleneimide emission band proving that the energy trapping of peryleneimide excitation energy by the terryleneimide acceptor occurs via two different, efficient pathways. Molecular- modeling-based structures tentatively indicate that the rotation of the terryleneimide acceptor group can lead to a much smaller distance to a single donor chromophore, which could explain the occurrence of two energy-trapping rate constants. All energy-transfer processes are quantitatively describable with Förster energy transfer theory, and the influence of the dipole orientation factor in the Förster equation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maus
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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Gensch T, Hofkens J, Köhn F, Vosch T, Herrmann A, Müllen K, De Schryver F. Polarisation Sensitive Single Molecule Fluorescence Detection with Linear Polarised Excitation Light and Modulated Polarisation Direction Applied to Multichromophoric Entities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1438-5171(200103)2:1<35::aid-simo35>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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