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Kubicsek F, Kozák Á, Turányi T, Zsély IG, Papp M, Al-Awamleh A, Hegedûs F. Ammonia production by microbubbles: A theoretical analysis of achievable energy intensity. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 106:106876. [PMID: 38714012 PMCID: PMC11096746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
The present paper studies the energy intensity of ammonia production by a freely oscillating microbubble placed in an infinite domain of liquid. The initial content of the bubble is a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen. The bubble is expanded isothermically to a maximum radius, then it is "released" and oscillates freely. The input energy is composed of the potential energy of the bubble at the maximum radius, the energy required to produce hydrogen, and the pumping work in case a vacuum is employed. The chemical yield is computed by solving the underlying governing equations: the Keller-Miksis equation for the radial dynamics, the first law of thermodynamics for the internal temperature and the reaction mechanism for the evolution of the concentration of the chemical species. The control parameters during the simulations are the equilibrium bubble size, initial expansion ratio, ambient pressure, the initial concentration ratio of hydrogen and the material properties of the liquid. At the optimal parameter setup, the energy intensity is 90.17GJ/t that is 2.31 times higher than the best available technology, the Haber-Bosch process. In both cases, the hydrogen is generated via water electrolysis.
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Kalmár C, Turányi T, Zsély IG, Papp M, Hegedűs F. The importance of chemical mechanisms in sonochemical modelling. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 83:105925. [PMID: 35149378 PMCID: PMC8841831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.105925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A state-of-the-art chemical mechanism is introduced to properly describe chemical processes inside a harmonically excited spherical bubble placed in water and saturated with oxygen. The model uses up-to-date Arrhenius-constants, collision efficiency factors and takes into account the pressure-dependency of the reactions. Duplicated reactions are also applied, and the backward reactions rates are calculated via suitable thermodynamic equilibrium conditions. Our proposed reaction mechanism is compared to three other chemical models that are widely applied in sonochemistry and lack most of the aforementioned modelling issues. In the governing equations, only the reaction mechanisms are compared, all other parts of the models are identical. The chemical yields obtained by the different modelling techniques are taken at the maximum expansion of the bubble. A brief parameter study is made with different pressure amplitudes and driving frequencies at two equilibrium bubble sizes. The results show that due to the deficiencies of the former reaction mechanisms employed in the sonochemical literature, several orders of magnitude differences of the chemical yields can be observed. In addition, the trends along a control parameter can also have dissimilar characteristics that might lead to false optimal operating conditions. Consequently, an up-to-date and accurate chemical model is crucial to make qualitatively and quantitatively correct conclusions in sonochemistry.
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Kovács M, Papp M, Zsély IG, Turányi T. Main sources of uncertainty in recent methanol/NOx combustion models. INT J CHEM KINET 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Kawka L, Juhász G, Papp M, Nagy T, Zsély IG, Turányi T. Comparison of detailed reaction mechanisms for homogeneous ammonia combustion. Z PHYS CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2020-1649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Ammonia is a potential fuel for the storage of thermal energy. Experimental data were collected for homogeneous ammonia combustion: ignition delay times measured in shock tubes (247 data points in 28 datasets from four publications) and species concentration measurements from flow reactors (194/22/4). The measurements cover wide ranges of temperature T, pressure p, equivalence ratio φ and dilution. The experimental data were encoded in ReSpecTh Kinetics Data Format version 2.2 XML files. The standard deviations of the experimental datasets used were determined based on the experimental errors reported in the publications and also on error estimations obtained using program MinimalSplineFit. Simulations were carried out with eight recently published mechanisms at the conditions of these experiments using the Optima++ framework code, and the FlameMaster and OpenSmoke++ solver packages. The performance of the mechanisms was compared using a sum-of-square error function to quantify the agreement between the simulations and the experimental data. Ignition delay times were well reproduced by five mechanisms, the best ones were Glarborg-2018 and Shrestha-2018. None of the mechanisms were able to reproduce well the profiles of NO, N2O and NH3 concentrations measured in flow reactors.
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Varga T, Olm C, Nagy T, Zsély IG, Valkó É, Pálvölgyi R, Curran HJ, Turányi T. Development of a Joint Hydrogen and Syngas Combustion Mechanism Based on an Optimization Approach. INT J CHEM KINET 2016; 48:407-422. [PMID: 27840549 PMCID: PMC5084827 DOI: 10.1002/kin.21006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive and hierarchical optimization of a joint hydrogen and syngas combustion mechanism has been carried out. The Kéromnès et al. (Combust Flame, 2013, 160, 995-1011) mechanism for syngas combustion was updated with our recently optimized hydrogen combustion mechanism (Varga et al., Proc Combust Inst, 2015, 35, 589-596) and optimized using a comprehensive set of direct and indirect experimental data relevant to hydrogen and syngas combustion. The collection of experimental data consisted of ignition measurements in shock tubes and rapid compression machines, burning velocity measurements, and species profiles measured using shock tubes, flow reactors, and jet-stirred reactors. The experimental conditions covered wide ranges of temperatures (800-2500 K), pressures (0.5-50 bar), equivalence ratios (ϕ = 0.3-5.0), and C/H ratios (0-3). In total, 48 Arrhenius parameters and 5 third-body collision efficiency parameters of 18 elementary reactions were optimized using these experimental data. A large number of directly measured rate coefficient values belonging to 15 of the reaction steps were also utilized. The optimization has resulted in a H2/CO combustion mechanism, which is applicable to a wide range of conditions. Moreover, new recommended rate parameters with their covariance matrix and temperature-dependent uncertainty ranges of the optimized rate coefficients are provided. The optimized mechanism was compared to 19 recent hydrogen and syngas combustion mechanisms and is shown to provide the best reproduction of the experimental data.
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Varga T, Olm C, Nagy T, Zsély IG, Valkó É, Pálvölgyi R, Curran HJ, Turányi T. Development of a Joint Hydrogen and Syngas Combustion Mechanism Based on an Optimization Approach. INT J CHEM KINET 2016. [PMID: 27840549 DOI: 10.1002/kin.2016.48.issue-810.1002/kin.21006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive and hierarchical optimization of a joint hydrogen and syngas combustion mechanism has been carried out. The Kéromnès et al. (Combust Flame, 2013, 160, 995-1011) mechanism for syngas combustion was updated with our recently optimized hydrogen combustion mechanism (Varga et al., Proc Combust Inst, 2015, 35, 589-596) and optimized using a comprehensive set of direct and indirect experimental data relevant to hydrogen and syngas combustion. The collection of experimental data consisted of ignition measurements in shock tubes and rapid compression machines, burning velocity measurements, and species profiles measured using shock tubes, flow reactors, and jet-stirred reactors. The experimental conditions covered wide ranges of temperatures (800-2500 K), pressures (0.5-50 bar), equivalence ratios (ϕ = 0.3-5.0), and C/H ratios (0-3). In total, 48 Arrhenius parameters and 5 third-body collision efficiency parameters of 18 elementary reactions were optimized using these experimental data. A large number of directly measured rate coefficient values belonging to 15 of the reaction steps were also utilized. The optimization has resulted in a H2/CO combustion mechanism, which is applicable to a wide range of conditions. Moreover, new recommended rate parameters with their covariance matrix and temperature-dependent uncertainty ranges of the optimized rate coefficients are provided. The optimized mechanism was compared to 19 recent hydrogen and syngas combustion mechanisms and is shown to provide the best reproduction of the experimental data.
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Olm C, Varga T, Valkó É, Hartl S, Hasse C, Turányi T. Development of an Ethanol Combustion Mechanism Based on a Hierarchical Optimization Approach. INT J CHEM KINET 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Varga T, Zsély IG, Turányi T, Bentz T, Olzmann M. Kinetic Analysis of Ethyl Iodide Pyrolysis Based on Shock Tube Measurements. INT J CHEM KINET 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Tomlin AS, Turányi T. Investigation and Improvement of Reaction Mechanisms Using Sensitivity Analysis and Optimization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-5307-8_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Könnyű B, Sadiq SK, Turányi T, Hírmondó R, Müller B, Kräusslich HG, Coveney PV, Müller V. Gag-Pol processing during HIV-1 virion maturation: a systems biology approach. PLoS Comput Biol 2013; 9:e1003103. [PMID: 23754941 PMCID: PMC3675044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteolytic processing of Gag and Gag-Pol polyproteins by the viral protease (PR) is crucial for the production of infectious HIV-1, and inhibitors of the viral PR are an integral part of current antiretroviral therapy. The process has several layers of complexity (multiple cleavage sites and substrates; multiple enzyme forms; PR auto-processing), which calls for a systems level approach to identify key vulnerabilities and optimal treatment strategies. Here we present the first full reaction kinetics model of proteolytic processing by HIV-1 PR, taking into account all canonical cleavage sites within Gag and Gag-Pol, intermediate products and enzyme forms, enzyme dimerization, the initial auto-cleavage of full-length Gag-Pol as well as self-cleavage of PR. The model allows us to identify the rate limiting step of virion maturation and the parameters with the strongest effect on maturation kinetics. Using the modelling framework, we predict interactions and compensatory potential between individual cleavage rates and drugs, characterize the time course of the process, explain the steep dose response curves associated with PR inhibitors and gain new insights into drug action. While the results of the model are subject to limitations arising from the simplifying assumptions used and from the uncertainties in the parameter estimates, the developed framework provides an extendable open-access platform to incorporate new data and hypotheses in the future.
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Turányi T, Nagy T, Zsély IG, Cserháti M, Varga T, Szabó BT, Sedyó I, Kiss PT, Zempléni A, Curran HJ. Determination of rate parameters based on both direct and indirect measurements. INT J CHEM KINET 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Lovrics A, Zsély IG, Csikász-Nagy A, Zádor J, Turányi T, Novák B. Analysis of a budding yeast cell cycle model using the shapes of local sensitivity functions. INT J CHEM KINET 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Zsély IG, Zádor J, Turányi T. Uncertainty analysis of NO production during methane combustion. INT J CHEM KINET 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Zádor J, Zsély IG, Turányi T, Ratto M, Tarantola S, Saltelli A. Local and Global Uncertainty Analyses of a Methane Flame Model. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:9795-807. [PMID: 16833293 DOI: 10.1021/jp053270i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Local and global uncertainty analyses of a flat, premixed, stationary, laminar methane flame model were carried out using the Leeds methane oxidation mechanism at lean (phi = 0.70), stoichiometric (phi = 1.00), and rich (phi = 1.20) equivalence ratios. Uncertainties of laminar flame velocity, maximal flame temperature, and maximal concentrations of radicals H, O, OH, CH, and CH(2) were investigated. Global uncertainty analysis methods included the Morris method, the Monte Carlo analysis with Latin hypercube sampling, and an improved version of the Sobol' method. Assumed probability density functions (pdf's) were assigned to the rate coefficients of all the 175 reactions and to the enthalpies of formation of the 37 species. The analyses provided the following answers: approximate pdf's and standard deviations of the model results, minimum and maximum values of the results at any physically realistic parameter combination, and the contribution of the uncertainty of each parameter to the uncertainty of the model result. The uncertainty of a few rate parameters and a few enthalpies of formation causes most of the uncertainty of the model results. Most uncertainty comes from the inappropriate knowledge of kinetic data, but the uncertainty caused by thermodynamic data is also significant.
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DóBé S, Turányi T, Iogansen AA, Bérces T. Rate constants of the reactions of OH radicals with cyclopropane and cyclobutane. INT J CHEM KINET 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.550240207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Zádor J, Zsély IG, Turányi T. Investigation of the correlation of sensitivity vectors of hydrogen combustion models. INT J CHEM KINET 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.10193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Lagzi I, Kármán D, Turányi T, Tomlin AS, Haszpra L. Simulation of the dispersion of nuclear contamination using an adaptive Eulerian grid model. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2004; 75:59-82. [PMID: 15149762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2003.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2003] [Revised: 10/01/2003] [Accepted: 11/07/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Application of an Eulerian model using layered adaptive unstructured grids coupled to a meso-scale meteorological model is presented for modelling the dispersion of nuclear contamination following the accidental release from a single but strong source to the atmosphere. The model automatically places a finer resolution grid, adaptively in time, in regions were high spatial numerical error is expected. The high-resolution grid region follows the movement of the contaminated air over time. Using this method, grid resolutions of the order of 6 km can be achieved in a computationally effective way. The concept is illustrated by the simulation of hypothetical nuclear accidents at the Paks NPP, in Central Hungary. The paper demonstrates that the adaptive model can achieve accuracy comparable to that of a high-resolution Eulerian model using significantly less grid points and computer simulation time.
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Zsély IG, Zádor J, Turányi T. Similarity of Sensitivity Functions of Reaction Kinetic Models. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp026683h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Perger T, Kovács T, Turányi T, Treviño C. Determination of Adsorption and Desorption Parameters from Ignition Temperature Measurements in Catalytic Combustion Systems. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0258208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zsély IG, Turányi T. The influence of thermal coupling and diffusion on the importance of reactions: The case study of hydrogen–air combustion. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1039/b303628f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Turányi T, Zalotai L, Dóbé S, Bérces T. Effect of the uncertainty of kinetic and thermodynamic data on methane flame simulation results. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1039/b109154a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hughes KJ, Turányi T, Clague AR, Pilling MJ. Development and testing of a comprehensive chemical mechanism for the oxidation of methane. INT J CHEM KINET 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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