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Elhussin IA, White JA, Hudson TS, Campbell MJ, Hughes-Halbert C, Ambs S, Yates C. Abstract 2196: Prostate cancer: Immune-inflammation signature in men of African ancestry. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-2196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
African American (AA) men have a 2 to 3 times higher prostate cancer mortality rates than European American (EA) men. Studies suggested that tumor biology may influence racial/ethnic survival and account for 24% of the disparities in PCa that remains even when controlled for access to care and stage at presentation. Additionally, men of African ancestry from the Caribbean and South America experience incidence and mortality rates similar to AA men, suggesting a possible ancestral basis for some of these expected outcomes. No study has currently assessed whether African descent men are affected by a systemic inflammatory process with changes in the immune system that increases the risk of lethal PCa. To assess the hypothesis that African ancestry drives aggressive prostate cancer and leads to genetic alterations with upregulation of unique immune-inflammatory signatures in men of African descent, we performed a genome-wide RNA sequencing analysis. We analyzed RNA isolated from FFPE tumor tissue obtained from 15 patients who self-reported as AA and 13 patients who self-reported as EA (n=28). To verify self-reported race, we used ADMIXTURE to generate a quantitative estimate of each individual ancestral composition. Notably, 14 patients who self-reported as AA also have a predominant African ancestry, particularly from African Caribbean's subpopulation, and one patient who self-reported as AA was actually Ad Mixed American. Furthermore, we conducted a descriptive statistical analysis of the study population; patients were stratified by race and pathology stage. Our results show that AA men are diagnosed with PCa at a younger age and higher pathology stage (≥ T2), contributing to a lower survival rate in AA. Gene-level expression was measured from STAR counts using Ensembl gene annotation. The resulting datasets were analyzed for differential gene expression and enriched pathways based on the patient's ancestry, race, and Gleason Score. Our analyses reveal that interferon-inducible genes (ISG15, IFT1, STAT1) are positively enriched (p-value 0.05), while neutrophil degranulation and Interleukins genes (IL8, CXCL8, KRTs, IL6, CXCL6) are negatively enriched (p-value 0.05) in AA men. These enriched gene sets may indicate that immune/inflammatory signatures play an important role in driving aggressive prostate cancer in AA. Additionally, we run GSEA-based on the immunological signature mode and used gene ontology function in EdgeR package; both showed that immune-related signaling pathways are enriched in AA men. These findings were confirmed in other RNA-Seq data sets attained from FFPE tissues. Similar immune/inflammatory patterns were observed in AA PCa cell lines (RC). Our study provides new insight into understanding how genetic ancestry and upregulation of unique immune-inflammatory signatures may contribute to PCa racial disparities in AA men cohorts from African ancestry.
Citation Format: Isra A. Elhussin, Jason A. White, Tamaro S. Hudson, Moray J. Campbell, Chanita Hughes-Halbert, Stefan Ambs, Clayton Yates. Prostate cancer: Immune-inflammation signature in men of African ancestry [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2196.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Stefan Ambs
- 5National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
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Beyene DA, Kanarek NF, Naab TJ, Ricks-Santi LL, Hudson TS. Annexin 2 protein expression is associated with breast cancer subtypes in African American women. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03241. [PMID: 32072035 PMCID: PMC7011040 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A review of literature on the expression of Annexin 2 in cancer has shown that there is very limited research work on the association of this protein with breast cancer aggressiveness in African Americans. In the present study, TMA breast tissues from African American women were stained with Annexin 2 antibody to determine the association between the molecular subtypes and Annexin 2 protein expression. METHOD An annotated case series of 135 breast cancer tissues archived from 2000 to 2010 was acquired from the Howard University Tumor Registry. The association between ANX2 expression and survival by molecular subtypes Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2, and Triple Negative (TN) was assessed using Multinomial regression, chi-square analysis, and Kaplan-Meir graphs (Stata 11). RESULTS Our findings show a marked association between ANX2 protein expression in Luminal B and HER2 subtypes unadjusted and when adjusted for age. Borderline differences in tumor grade were found in TN only.Univariately, age (<50, 50 + years) and metastases were highly significant for overall survival, disease-free survival and recurrence-free survival. Stage, tumor size, and nodal involvement were of borderline or greater significance for overall and disease-free survival. ANX2 expression was not significant. Kaplan Meier tests of ANX2 showed significant separation of overall survival by ANX2 protein expression in all breast tumor subtypes. In multivariate analyses comparing TN to Luminal A, ANX2 was not important while controlling for age and grade. CONCLUSION ANX2 might be a biomarker of aggressiveness and a relevant candidate biomarker in high risk African American women with Luminal B and HER2 breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desta A. Beyene
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Research, Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Norma F. Kanarek
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and Department of Oncology, Johns Hospital School of Medicine, USA
| | - Tammey J. Naab
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Luisel L. Ricks-Santi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cancer Research Center, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Tamaro S. Hudson
- Department of Research, Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
- Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Ignacio DN, Mason KD, Hackett-Morton EC, Albanese C, Ringer L, Wagner WD, Wang PC, Carducci MA, Kachhap SK, Paller CJ, Mendonca J, Li-Ying Chan L, Lin B, Hartle DK, Green JE, Brown CA, Hudson TS. Muscadine grape skin extract inhibits prostate cancer cells by inducing cell-cycle arrest, and decreasing migration through heat shock protein 40. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01128. [PMID: 30705983 PMCID: PMC6348279 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously we demonstrated that muscadine grape skin extract (MSKE), a natural product, significantly inhibited androgen-responsive prostate cancer cell growth by inducing apoptosis through the targeting of survival pathways. However, the therapeutic effect of MSKE on more aggressive androgen-independent prostate cancer remains unknown. This study examined the effects of MSKE treatment in metastatic prostate cancer using complementary PC-3 cells and xenograft model. MSKE significantly inhibited PC-3 human prostate cancer cell tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. The growth-inhibitory effect of MSKE appeared to be through the induction of cell-cycle arrest. This induction was accompanied by a reduction in the protein expression of Hsp40 and cell-cycle regulation proteins, cyclin D1 and NF-kBp65. In addition, MSKE induced p21 expression independent of wild-type p53 induced protein expression. Moreover, we demonstrate that MSKE significantly inhibited cell migration in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Overall, these results demonstrate that MSKE inhibits prostate tumor growth and migration, and induces cell-cycle arrest by targeting Hsp40 and proteins involved in cell-cycle regulation and proliferation. This suggests that MSKE may also be explored either as a neo-adjuvant or therapeutic for castration resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane N. Ignacio
- Howard University Cancer Center, Washington DC 20060, United States
- The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Champs Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago
| | | | | | - Christopher Albanese
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, United States
| | - Lymor Ringer
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, United States
| | - William D. Wagner
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - Paul C. Wang
- Howard University Cancer Center, Washington DC 20060, United States
- College of Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Michael A. Carducci
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Sushant K. Kachhap
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Channing J. Paller
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Janet Mendonca
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Leo Li-Ying Chan
- Department of Technology R&D, Nexcelom Bioscience LLC, Lawrence, MA 01843, United States
| | - Bo Lin
- Department of Technology R&D, Nexcelom Bioscience LLC, Lawrence, MA 01843, United States
| | - Diane K. Hartle
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Jeffrey E. Green
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Collis A. Brown
- Howard University Cancer Center, Washington DC 20060, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC 20059, United States
| | - Tamaro S. Hudson
- Howard University Cancer Center, Washington DC 20060, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC 20059, United States
- Department of Research, Washington VA Medical Center, Washington DC, United States
- Corresponding author.
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Beyene DA, Naab TJ, Kanarek NF, Apprey V, Esnakula A, Khan FA, Blackman MR, Brown CA, Hudson TS. Differential expression of Annexin 2, SPINK1, and Hsp60 predict progression of prostate cancer through bifurcated WHO Gleason score categories in African American men. Prostate 2018; 78:801-811. [PMID: 29682763 PMCID: PMC7257440 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although studies have observed several markers correlate with progression of prostate cancer (PCa), no specific markers have been identified that accurately predict the progression of this disease, even in African American (AA) men who are generally at higher risk than other ethnic groups. The primary goal of this study was to explore whether three markers could predict the progression of PCa. METHOD We investigated protein expression of Annexin 2 (ANX2), serine peptidase inhibitor, kazal type 1(SPINK1)/tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI), and heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60) in 79 archival human prostate trans-rectal ultrasound (TRUS) biopsy tissues according to a modified World Health Organization (WHO) classification: normal (WHO1a), Gleason Score (GS6 (WHO1b), GS7 subgroups (WHO2 = 3 + 4, WHO3 = 4 + 3), GS8 (WHO4), and GS9-10 (WHO5). AA men aged 41-90 diagnosed from 1990 to 2013 at Howard University were included. Automated staining assessed expression of each biomarker. Spearman correlation assessed the direction and relationship between biomarkers, WHO and modified WHO GS, age, and 5-year survival. A two-tailed t-test and ANOVA evaluated biomarkers expression in relationship to WHO normal and other GS levels, and between WHO GS levels. A logistic and linear regression analysis examined the relationship between biomarker score and WHO GS categories. Kaplan-Meier curves graphed survival. RESULTS ANX2 expression decreased monotonically with the progression of PCa while expression of SPINK1/TATI and Hsp60 increased but had a more WHO GS-specific effect; SPINK1/TATI differed between normal and GS 2-6 and HSP60 differed between GS 7 and GS 2-6. WHO GS was found to be significantly and negatively associated with ANX2, and positively with SPINK1/TATI and Hsp60 expression. High SPINK1/TATI expression together with the low ANX2 expression at higher GS exhibited a bi-directional relationship that is associated with PCa progression and survival. CONCLUSION Importantly, the data reveal that ANX2, and SPINK1/TAT1 highly associate with WHO GS and with the transition from one stage of PrCa to the next in AA men. Future research is needed in biracial and larger population studies to confirm this dynamic relationship between ANX2 and SPINK1 as independent predictors of PCa progression in all men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desta A Beyene
- Research Service, Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
- Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, District of Columbia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Tammey J Naab
- Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, District of Columbia
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Norma F Kanarek
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Victor Apprey
- National Human Genome Center, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Ashwini Esnakula
- Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, District of Columbia
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Farahan A Khan
- Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, District of Columbia
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Marc R Blackman
- Research Service, Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Collis A Brown
- Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, District of Columbia
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Tamaro S Hudson
- Research Service, Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
- Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, District of Columbia
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
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Paller CJ, Rudek MA, Zhou XC, Wagner WD, Hudson TS, Anders N, Hammers HJ, Dowling D, King S, Antonarakis ES, Drake CG, Eisenberger MA, Denmeade SR, Rosner GL, Carducci MA. A phase I study of muscadine grape skin extract in men with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer: Safety, tolerability, and dose determination. Prostate 2015; 75:1518-25. [PMID: 26012728 PMCID: PMC4537354 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New therapies are being explored as therapeutic options for men with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer (BRPC) who wish to defer androgen deprivation therapy. MPX is pulverized muscadine grape (Vitis rotundifolia) skin that contains ellagic acid, quercetin, and resveratrol and demonstrates preclinical activity against prostate cancer cells in vitro. METHODS In the phase I portion of this phase I/II study, non-metastatic BRPC patients were assigned to increasing doses of MPX (Muscadine Naturals. Inc., Clemmons, NC) in cohorts of two patients, with six patients at the highest dose, using a modified continual reassessment method. Initial dose selection was based on preclinical data showing the equivalent of 500 to 4,000 mg of MPX to be safe in mouse models. The primary endpoint was the recommended phase II dosing regimen. RESULTS The cohort (n = 14, 71% Caucasian, 29% black) had a median follow-up of 19.2 (6.2-29.7) months, median age of 61 years, and median Gleason score of 7. Four patients had possibly related gastrointestinal symptoms, including grade 1 flatulence, grade 1 soft stools, and grade 1 eructation. No other related adverse events were reported and one patient reported improvement of chronic constipation. Six of 14 patients came off study for disease progression (five metastatic, one rising PSA) after exposure for a median of 15 months. One patient came off for myasthenia gravis that was unrelated to treatment. Seven patients remain on study. The lack of dose-limiting toxicities led to the selection of 4,000 mg/d as the highest dose for further study. Median within-patient PSADT increased by 5.3 months (non-significant, P = 0.17). No patients experienced a maintained decline in serum PSA from baseline. CONCLUSION These data suggest that 4,000 mg of MPX is safe, and exploratory review of a lengthening in PSADT of a median of 5.3 months supports further exploration of MPX. Both low-dose (500 mg) and high-dose (4,000 mg) MPX are being further investigated in a randomized, multicenter, placebo-controlled, dose-evaluating phase II trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Channing J Paller
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michelle A Rudek
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xian C Zhou
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - William D Wagner
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Tamaro S Hudson
- Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Nicole Anders
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hans J Hammers
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Donna Dowling
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Serina King
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Emmanuel S Antonarakis
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Charles G Drake
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mario A Eisenberger
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Samuel R Denmeade
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gary L Rosner
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael A Carducci
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
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Paller CJ, Kanaan YM, Beyene DA, Naab TJ, Copeland RL, Tsai HL, Kanarek NF, Hudson TS. Risk of prostate cancer in African-American men: Evidence of mixed effects of dietary quercetin by serum vitamin D status. Prostate 2015; 75:1376-83. [PMID: 26047130 PMCID: PMC4536082 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND African-American (AA) men experience higher rates of prostate cancer (PCa) and vitamin D (vitD) deficiency than white men. VitD is promoted for PCa prevention, but there is conflicting data on the association between vitD and PCa. We examined the association between serum vitD and dietary quercetin and their interaction with PCa risk in AA men. METHODS Participants included 90 AA men with PCa undergoing treatment at Howard University Hospital (HUH) and 62 controls participating in HUH's free PCa screening program. We measured serum 25-hydroxy vitD [25(OH)D] and used the 98.2 item Block Brief 2000 Food Frequency Questionnaires to measure dietary intake of quercetin and other nutrients. Case and control groups were compared using a two-sample t-test for continuous risk factors and a Fisher exact test for categorical factors. Associations between risk factors and PCa risk were examined via age-adjusted logistic regression models. RESULTS Interaction effects of dietary quercetin and serum vitD on PCa status were observed. AA men (age 40-70) with normal levels of serum vitD (>30 ng/ml) had a 71% lower risk of PCa compared to AA men with vitD deficiency (OR = 0.29, 95%CI: 0.08-1.03; P = 0.055). In individuals with vitD deficiency, increased dietary quercetin showed a tendency toward lower risk of PCa (OR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.82-1.00; P = 0.054, age-adjusted) while men with normal vitD were at elevated risk (OR = 1.23, 95%CI: 1.04-1.45). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that AA men who are at a higher risk of PCa may benefit more from vitD intake, and supplementation with dietary quercetin may increase the risk of PCa in AA men with normal vitD levels. Further studies with larger populations are needed to better understand the impact of the interaction between sera vitD levels and supplementation with quercetin on PCa in AA men.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Paller
- Johns Hopkins University, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Y M Kanaan
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - D A Beyene
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - T J Naab
- Department of Pathology, Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - R L Copeland
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - H L Tsai
- Johns Hopkins University, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - N F Kanarek
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - T S Hudson
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, District of Columbia
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Munaò G, O'Toole P, Hudson TS, Costa D, Caccamo C, Sciortino F, Giacometti A. Cluster formation and phase separation in heteronuclear Janus dumbbells. J Phys Condens Matter 2015; 27:234101. [PMID: 26010546 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/23/234101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We have recently investigated the phase behavior of model colloidal dumbbells constituted by two identical tangent hard spheres, with the first being surrounded by an attractive square-well interaction (Janus dumbbells, Munaó et al 2014 Soft Matter 10 5269). Here we extend our previous analysis by introducing in the model the size asymmetry of the hard-core diameters and study the enriched phase scenario thereby obtained. By employing standard Monte Carlo simulations we show that in such 'heteronuclear Janus dumbbells' a larger hard-sphere site promotes the formation of clusters, whereas in the opposite condition a gas-liquid phase separation takes place, with a narrow interval of intermediate asymmetries wherein the two phase behaviors may compete. In addition, some peculiar geometrical arrangements, such as lamellæ, are observed only around the perfectly symmetric case. A qualitative agreement is found with recent experimental results, where it is shown that the roughness of molecular surfaces in heterogeneous dimers leads to the formation of colloidal micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Munaò
- Dipartimento di Fisica e di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Hudson TS, Carlson BA, Hoeneroff MJ, Young HA, Sordillo L, Muller WJ, Hatfield DL, Green JE. Selenoproteins reduce susceptibility to DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:1225-30. [PMID: 22436612 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium is an essential micronutrient in the diet of humans and other mammals. Based largely on animal studies and epidemiological evidence, selenium is purported to be a promising cancer chemopreventive agent. However, the biological mechanisms by which chemopreventive activity takes place are poorly understood. It remains unclear whether selenium acts in its elemental form, through incorporation into organic compounds, through selenoproteins or any combination of these. The purpose of this study was to determine whether selenoproteins mitigate the risk of developing chemically induced mammary cancer. Selenoprotein expression was ablated in mouse mammary epithelial cells through genetic deletion of the selenocysteine (Sec) tRNA gene (Trsp), whose product, designated selenocysteine tRNA, is required for selenoprotein translation. Trsp floxed and mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-cre mice were crossed to achieve tissue-specific excision of Trsp in targeted mammary glands. Eight- to twelve-week-old second generation Trsp(fl/+);wt, Trsp(fl/+);MMTV-cre, Trsp(fl/fl);wt and Trsp(fl/fl);MMTV-cre female mice were administered standard doses of the carcinogen, 7,12-dimethylbenzylbenz[a]antracene. Our results revealed that heterozygous, Trsp(fl/+);MMTV-cre mice showed no difference in tumor incidence, tumor rate and survival compared with the Trsp(fl/+);wt mice. However, 54.8% of homozygous Trsp(fl/f)(l);MMTV-cre mice developed mammary tumors and exhibited significantly shorter survival than the corresponding Trsp(fl/fl);wt mice, where only 36.4% developed tumors. Loss of the homozygous Trsp alleles was associated with the reduction of selenoprotein expression. The results suggest that mice with reduced selenoprotein expression have increased susceptibility to developing carcinogen-induced mammary tumors and that a major protective mechanism against carcinogen-induced mammary cancer requires the expression of these selenoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaro S Hudson
- Transgenic Oncogenesis and Genomics Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Hudson TS, Perkins SN, Hursting SD, Young HA, Kim YS, Wang TC, Wang TTY. Inhibition of androgen-responsive LNCaP prostate cancer cell tumor xenograft growth by dietary phenethyl isothiocyanate correlates with decreased angiogenesis and inhibition of cell attachment. Int J Oncol 2012; 40:1113-21. [PMID: 22266918 PMCID: PMC3584556 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is a candidate anticancer compound found in certain cruciferous vegetables. In our tumor cell xenograft model, dietary administration of PEITC (100–150 mg/kg body weight/d) inhibited androgen-responsive LNCaP human prostate cancer cell tumor growth. We found that dietary treatment with PEITC significantly inhibited tumor platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1/CD31) expression, a marker of angiogenesis. By contrast, we did not find the inhibitory effects of PEITC on tumor growth to be associated with alteration of specific markers for apoptosis, cell proliferation or androgen receptor-mediated pathways. Consistent with in vivo results, PEITC exerted little effects on cell proliferation, cell cycle and androgen-dependent pathways. Interestingly, PEITC significantly attenuated LNCaP cell plating efficiency that correlated with inhibition of integrin family proteins integrin β1, α2 and α6 mRNA expression. Thus, PEITC may be a dietary factor that inhibits androgen-responsive prostate tumor growth indirectly by selectively targeting factors involved in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaro S Hudson
- Laboratory of Cellular Regulation and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Wang TTY, Hudson TS, Wang TC, Remsberg CM, Davies NM, Takahashi Y, Kim YS, Seifried H, Vinyard BT, Perkins SN, Hursting SD. Differential effects of resveratrol on androgen-responsive LNCaP human prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Carcinogenesis 2008; 29:2001-10. [PMID: 18586690 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgn131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a phytochemical that has been under consideration for use as a prostate cancer chemopreventive agent. However, the efficacy, as well as the mechanisms of action of resveratrol on prostate cancer prevention, remains largely unknown. This study seeks to address these questions and examine the cancer preventive effects of resveratrol using complementary human LNCaP prostate cancer cell culture and xenograft models. In cultured LNCaP cells, we found that resveratrol inhibited cell growth. The growth inhibitory effects of resveratrol appeared to be through modulation of both androgen- and estrogen-mediated events. Global gene expression analysis using microarrays identified androgen-responsive genes as a group of genes universally affected by resveratrol in LNCaP cells in vitro. The effect of resveratrol on expression of these genes appeared to be through inhibition of both androgen- and estrogen-mediated transcription. In a xenograft model, resveratrol delayed LNCaP tumor growth and inhibited expression of a marker for steroid hormone responses. However, exposure to resveratrol also led to increased angiogenesis and inhibition of apoptosis in the xenograft. In summary, resveratrol may act through modulation of steroid hormone-dependent pathways to inhibit prostate cancer cell growth in both culture and xenografts, but exposure in vivo may be of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas T Y Wang
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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Hudson TS, Hartle DK, Hursting SD, Nunez NP, Wang TTY, Young HA, Arany P, Green JE. Inhibition of prostate cancer growth by muscadine grape skin extract and resveratrol through distinct mechanisms. Cancer Res 2007; 67:8396-405. [PMID: 17804756 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-4069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The phytochemical resveratrol contained in red grapes has been shown to inhibit prostate cancer cell growth, in part, through its antioxidant activity. Muscadine grapes contain unique phytochemical constituents compared with other grapes and are potentially a source for novel compounds with antitumor activities. We compared the antitumor activities of muscadine grape skin extract (MSKE), which we show contains no resveratrol, with that of resveratrol using primary cultures of normal prostate epithelial cells (PrEC) and the prostate cancer cell lines RWPE-1, WPE1-NA22, WPE1-NB14, and WPE1-NB26, representing different stages of prostate cancer progression. MSKE significantly inhibited tumor cell growth in all transformed prostate cancer cell lines but not PrEC cells. Prostate tumor cell lines, but not PrEC cells, exhibited high rates of apoptosis in response to MSKE through targeting of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase survival pathways. The reduction in Akt activity by MSKE is mediated through a reduction in Akt transcription, enhanced proteosome degradation of Akt, and altered levels of DJ-1, a known regulator of PTEN. In contrast to MSKE, resveratrol did not induce apoptosis in this model but arrested cells at the G(1)-S phase transition of the cell cycle associated with increased expression of p21 and decreased expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 proteins. These results show that MSKE and resveratrol target distinct pathways to inhibit prostate cancer cell growth in this system and that the unique properties of MSKE suggest that it may be an important source for further development of chemopreventive or therapeutic agents against prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaro S Hudson
- Laboratory of Cellular Regulation and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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12
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Hudson TS, Harrowell P. A systematic enumeration of local topological relaxation mechanisms in amorphous networks and their efficiency in network relaxation. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:184502. [PMID: 17508806 DOI: 10.1063/1.2724819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We consider the infinite hierarchy of local collective rearrangements on bond networks that preserves the valency of each atom and explicitly enumerate those involving 4, 5, and 6 particles. The only 4-particle rearrangement is identical to the Wooten-Winer-Weaire (WWW) mechanism. Each rearrangement mechanism is applied in a Monte Carlo (MC) algorithm in order to determine the rate at which it equilibrate a network and relax the structure at equilibrium. At low temperature the 4-particle mechanism provides the fastest relaxation rate but we find that there is a crossover with increasing temperature to 5-particle mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Hudson
- School of Chemistry, Building F11, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
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13
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Hudson TS, Forman MR, Cantwell MM, Schatzkin A, Albert PS, Lanza E. Dietary Fiber Intake: Assessing the Degree of Agreement between Food Frequency Questionnaires and 4-Day Food Records. J Am Coll Nutr 2006; 25:370-81. [PMID: 17031005 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2006.10719548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the degree of agreement (comparability) between dietary fiber intakes reported on a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with 4-day food records (4DFR) and determine whether demographic, behavioral and biological factors influence comparability. METHODS At baseline and year one, all participants in the Polyp Prevention Trial (PPT), a multi-center randomized, clinical trial of a low-fat, high fiber, high fruit/vegetable eating plan and recurrence of large bowel adenomatous polyps were instructed in dietary assessment and completed a 106-item FFQ and 4DFR that trained nutritionists reviewed. A random sub-cohort of participants (n = 399) was selected from the intervention and control arms of the PPT for analysis of both FFQ and 4DFR. RESULTS Baseline crude and energy-adjusted fiber intakes were significantly higher in the 4DFR than the FFQ (P = 0.001). Using Bland-Altman statistics, the mean difference (FFQ-4DFR) was -0.11 g/MJ; while the limits of agreement were -1.45, 1.23 g/MJ. The mean fiber difference increased with increasing average intake (FFQ + 4DFR)/2, (P = 0.004) for men, but not women (P = 0.10), suggesting that fiber intake was under-estimated in the FFQ, relative to the 4-DFR, for men with low fiber intakes and over-estimated for men with high intakes. Smoking and gender significantly influenced the average intake at baseline, whereas other demographic and behavioral factors did not. Education was significantly associated with average difference in fiber intake at baseline, but not at year 1. CONCLUSIONS This study of clinical trial volunteers revealed differences in the ability to comparably report fiber intake across tools by gender, smoking, and education, however participants' repeated training in dietary assessment improved comparability in reporting over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaro S Hudson
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-8329, USA
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14
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Hudson TS, Stoner GD, Morse MA, Young H, Mallery SR. Comparison of phenethyl and 6-phenylhexyl isothiocyanate-induced toxicity in rat esophageal cell lines with and without glutathione depletion. Toxicol Lett 2005; 155:427-36. [PMID: 15649627 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2004] [Revised: 11/23/2004] [Accepted: 11/23/2004] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) and its synthetic homolog, 6-phenylhexyl isothiocyanate (PHITC), are both potent inhibitors of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung mice tumorigenesis. However, unlike PEITC, PHITC enhanced N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA)-induced rat esophageal tumorigenesis. These findings imply that due to its unique chemical properties, PHITC's effects on esophageal cells are procarcinogenic rather than chemopreventive. Relative to PEITC, PHITC is more lipophilic and less reactive, which could result in higher PHITC intracellular levels. Due to ITCs' inherently high level of thiol reactivity, increased intracellular levels of PHITC have the potential to deplete intracellular glutathione (GSH) reserves. Since GSH is a primary intracellular antioxidant and cytoprotective enzyme cofactor, preservation of intracellular GSH status is crucial for cytoprotection. Despite the recognized importance of isothiocyanate structure with the potential for toxicity, no studies have yet investigated the association between the primary intracellular free thiol, GSH, and isothiocyanate-induced toxicity in this target cell population. The present study investigated whether PEITC and PHITC display unique cytotoxic profiles in cultured rat esophageal cells, and also monitored the effects of ITC challenge on cellular GSH status. A final series of experiments investigated the converse i.e., affects of modulation of intracellular GSH status on ITC-mediated toxicity. Dose-response curves revealed that PEITC was significantly more toxic in tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic cells relative to PHITC. The ITC-GSH interaction studies demonstrated comparable GSH levels following either PEITC or PHITC challenge, and also showed that GSH depletion did not augment ITC-mediated cellular toxicity. While our data demonstrate structure related differences in ITC-mediated cytotoxicities, these differences do not appear to be directly attributable to cellular GSH pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaro S Hudson
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Hudson TS, Carlton PS, Gupta A, Stoner GD, Morse MA. Investigation of the enhancement of N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine-induced esophageal tumorigenesis by 6-phenylhexyl isothiocyanate. Cancer Lett 2001; 162:19-26. [PMID: 11121858 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(00)00619-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that 6-phenylhexyl isothiocyanate (PHITC), enhances N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA)-induced esophageal tumorigenesis in F344 rats while the shorter chain analogs, phenylethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), and 3-phenylpropyl isothiocyanate (PPITC), inhibit NMBA-induced esophageal tumorigenesis. To test the hypothesis that PHITC influences the promotional stage of esophageal tumorigenesis, groups of 22-27 rats were dosed with vehicle or NMBA three times a week for 5 week, and fed a modified AIN-76A diet containing PHITC at concentrations of 0.0, 1.0, and 2.5 micromol/g. At the 25th week, the rats were killed, esophagi harvested and tumors counted. In the groups that received NMBA+PHITC, apparent but statistically insignificant increases in tumor multiplicity of 32 and 42% were found in comparison to rats treated with NMBA alone. A higher frequency of dysplastic lesions was found in rats treated with NMBA+2.5 micromol/g PHITC (71%) when compared to rats treated with NMBA only (12%). To test whether PHITC increased cellular proliferation, we evaluated proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression by immunohistochemistry. While there were no significant increases in PCNA staining in rats treated with NMBA+PHITC compared to rats treated with NMBA only, rats treated with PHITC only had a significantly higher PCNA index compared to untreated controls. Expression of cyclin D1, another biomarker of proliferation, was analyzed by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. There were no significant increases in cyclin D1 expression in groups treated with NMBA+PHITC compared to the group treated with NMBA only. Thus, while the data suggest a promotional effect by PHITC as manifested by a significant increase in dysplastic leukoplakia by the high dose of PHITC and an increase in the PCNA index by PHITC alone, PHITC does not appear to have a significant effect on esophageal cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Hudson
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, The Ohio State University School of Public Health, CHRI Rm. 1148, 300 West Tenth Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Abstract
One-third to one-half of emergency departments in the United States and Australia perform endotracheal intubations (ETI's) on the newly dead. Sixty-three percent of emergency medicine and 58% of neonatal critical care training programs allowed procedures to be performed on patients after death; only 10% of these programs required family consent for this practice. This article reviews the arguments for and against this ethical issue. A case study is included to highlight the issue's complexity, and to assist readers in identifying their beliefs (and those of their institutions) about the tissue. An overview of ethically related terms, definitions, and theories and a decision-making model are included to establish a knowledgeable baseline for dealing with any ethical issue.
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Hudson TS, Subramanian S, Allen RJ. Determination of pantothenic acid, biotin, and vitamin B12 in nutritional products. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 1984; 67:994-8. [PMID: 6501166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Until recently, liquid chromatographic (LC) methodology for pantothenic acid, biotin, and B12 (cyanocobalamin) has been only marginally successful. These vitamins are difficult to determine by conventional LC techniques and UV detection at 254 or 280 nm, because either the chromophore is inadequate for detection or interference from co-eluting vitamins is overwhelming. Biotin and B12 are usually present in pharmaceutical products at concentrations 100-1000 times lower than other commonly occurring water-soluble vitamins. Co-extraction of all water-soluble vitamins results in gross interferences, especially in LC when the interfering vitamins co-elute with biotin or B12. In addition, pantothenic acid and biotin are colorless in solution and do not exhibit strong UV absorption above 240 nm. As a result, they must be quantitated either by using a low UV wavelength for detection or by derivatizing the vitamin to obtain an adequate chromophore. A description of procedures for LC determination of pantothenic acid, panthenol, cyanocobalamin, and biotin in pharmaceutical products is presented. Pantothenic acid has been measured by using both a derivatization technique and low UV wavelength detection. Biotin has been quantitated by using low UV wavelength detection. The limitations of these techniques are also discussed. Chromatographic separation of cyanocobalamin is complicated by co-eluting vitamins such as riboflavin. It is detected by using the 546 nm wavelength where riboflavin does not interfere.
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