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Lopes Valentim Di Paschoale Ostolin T, Rodrigues Gusmão M, Augusto Siqueira Mathias F, Mirelle de Oliveira Cardoso J, Mendes Roatt B, Dian de Oliveira Aguiar-Soares R, Conceição Ruiz J, de Melo Resende D, Cristiane Fortes de Brito R, Barbosa Reis A. A specific Leishmania infantum polyepitope vaccine triggers Th1-type immune response and protects against experimental visceral leishmaniasis. Cell Immunol 2022; 380:104592. [PMID: 36084402 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The development of an immunogenic, effective, and safe vaccine is essential as an alternative for disease control. The present study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity and efficacy potential of a polyepitope T-cell antigen candidate against visceral leishmaniasis in a murine model. BALB/c mice were immunized with three doses subcutaneously with Poly-T Leish alone or adjuvanted with Saponin plus Monophosphoryl lipid A, with 15-day intervals between doses, and challenged with 107 stationary-phase Leishmania infantum promastigotes via tail vein. Immunogenicity and parasitism in spleen and liver of immunized mice were evaluated 45 days post-challenge. Our results revealed that the immunization with Poly-T Leish and Poly-T Leish/SM increases the percentage of specific T (CD4+ and CD8+) lymphocytes proliferation in vitro after antigen-specific stimulation. Also, Poly-T Leish and Poly-T Leish/SM groups showed a high percentage of IFN-γ and TNF-α-producing T cells, meanwhile, the Poly-T Leish/SM group also showed an increased percentage of multifunctional T cells producing double and triple-positive (IFN-γ+TNF-α+IL-2+) cytokines. The immunization with Poly-T Leish or Poly-T Leish/SM stimulated a decreased IL-4 and IL-10 compared to the Saline and adjuvant group. Poly-T Leish/SM immunized mice exhibit a noteworthy reduction in the parasite burden (spleen and liver) through real-time PCR (96%). Moreover, we observed higher nitrite secretion in 120-hour stimulated-culture supernatant using Griess method. We demonstrated that the Poly-T Leish/SM candidate was potentially immunogenic, providing enhancement of protective immune mechanisms, and conferred protection reducing parasitism. Our candidate was considered potential against visceral leishmaniasis, and eventually, could be tested in phase I and II clinical trials in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miriã Rodrigues Gusmão
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernando Augusto Siqueira Mathias
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Grupo Informática de Biossistemas e Genômica, Instituto René Rachou, Fiocruz Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jamille Mirelle de Oliveira Cardoso
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Centro Universitário Presidente Tancredo de Almeida Neves (UNIPTAN), São João del Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruno Mendes Roatt
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Dian de Oliveira Aguiar-Soares
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jeronimo Conceição Ruiz
- Grupo Informática de Biossistemas e Genômica, Instituto René Rachou, Fiocruz Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniela de Melo Resende
- Grupo Informática de Biossistemas e Genômica, Instituto René Rachou, Fiocruz Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rory Cristiane Fortes de Brito
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Barbosa Reis
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
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Gomes FAR, Noronha SISR, Silva SCA, Machado-Júnior PA, Ostolin TLVDP, Chírico MTT, Ribeiro MC, Reis AB, Cangussú SD, Montano N, Silva VJD, de Menezes RCA, Silva FCS, Chianca DA. Ivabradine treatment lowers blood pressure and promotes cardiac and renal protection in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Life Sci 2022; 308:120919. [PMID: 36049530 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is linked to hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) function, expressed in excitable and non-excitable cells. Considering that the reduction in heart rate (HR) improves coronary perfusion and cardiac performance, ivabradine (IVA) emerged as an important drug for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. AIM Evaluate if IVA chronic treatment effect can mitigate hypertension and reverse the cardiac and renal damage in SHR. MAIN METHODS Rats were divided into 4 groups treated for 14 days with PBS (1 ml/kg; i.p) or IVA (1 mg/kg; i.p): 1) WKY PBS; 2) SHR PBS; 3) WKY IVA; and 4) SHR IVA. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured, indirectly, before and during the treatment period with IVA (day 0, 1, 7 and 11). Rats were subjected to artery cannulation for direct blood pressure (BP) measurement. Morphofunctional and gene expression were evaluated in the heart and kidneys. KEY FINDINGS IVA reduced SBP only in SHR on the 7th day. Direct blood pressure measurement showed that IVA chronic treatment reduced HR in the SHR. Interestingly, mean arterial pressure (MAP) was reduced in SHR IVA when compared to SHR PBS. Serum and urinary biochemical data were not altered by IVA. Moreover, IVA reduced the renal inflammatory infiltrates and increased glomerular density, besides preventing the cardiac inflammatory and hypertrophic responses. SIGNIFICANCE IVA treatment lowered blood pressure, improved cardiac remodeling and inflammation, as well as decreasing renal damage in SHR. Further, IVA increased renal HCN2 mRNA and reduced cardiac HCN4 mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana A R Gomes
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Sylvana I S R Noronha
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Sabrina C A Silva
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Pedro A Machado-Júnior
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Thais Lopes Valentim Di Paschoale Ostolin
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; Laboratory of Immunophatology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Máira Tereza Talma Chírico
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Marcelo C Ribeiro
- Statistics Department, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Barbosa Reis
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; Laboratory of Immunophatology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Silvia D Cangussú
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Nicola Montano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, IRCCS Ca' Granda Foundation, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Valdo J D Silva
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo C A de Menezes
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda C S Silva
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Deoclécio A Chianca
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
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Almeida FR, Ostolin TLVDP, Almeida VR, Gonze BB, Sperandio EF, Simões MSMP, Godoy I, Tanni SE, Romiti M, Arantes RL, Dourado VZ. Cardiorespiratory fitness as a mediator in the relationship between lung function and blood pressure in adults. Braz J Med Biol Res 2022; 55:e11754. [PMID: 35894380 PMCID: PMC9322832 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2022e11754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unclear whether physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are
pathways that link low pulmonary function (LPF) to increased blood pressure
(BP). Therefore, we investigated the extent to which CRF and
moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) mediate the relationship between
LPF and high BP in adults. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 1,362
participants that underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), spirometry,
and wore an accelerometer to determine physical activity patterns. We performed
mediation analyses using structural equations considering peak oxygen uptake
(V̇O2) and MVPA as mediators, forced vital capacity (FVC) and
forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) as independent variables,
and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) as dependent variables. The
probability of alpha error was set at 5%. We found a significant total effect of
FVC on SBP and DBP considering V̇O2 as mediator (P<0.01). Indirect
effects were also significant, with 42.6% of the total effect of FVC on SBP and
77% on DBP mediated by V̇O2 (P<0.01). We did not observe a direct
effect of FVC on SBP and DBP. Considering FEV1 as an independent variable, the
total effect on SBP was also significant, as were the indirect effects, mediated
by V̇O2 at 14.8% for SBP and 7.6% for DBP (P<0.01). We did not
find an indirect effect of FVC or FEV1 considering the MVPA as a mediator. CRF
mediates the pathway that links LPF and elevated BP. Therefore, CRF is more
sensitive to variations in FVC and FEV1 than MVPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Almeida
- Departamento de Ciências do Movimento Humano, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brasil
| | - T L V D P Ostolin
- Departamento de Ciências do Movimento Humano, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brasil
| | - V R Almeida
- Departamento de Ciências do Movimento Humano, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brasil
| | - B B Gonze
- Departamento de Ciências do Movimento Humano, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brasil
| | - E F Sperandio
- Departamento de Ciências do Movimento Humano, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brasil
| | - M S M P Simões
- Departamento de Ciências do Movimento Humano, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brasil
| | - I Godoy
- Disciplina de Pneumologia do Departamento de Clínica Médica da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - S E Tanni
- Disciplina de Pneumologia do Departamento de Clínica Médica da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - M Romiti
- Angiocorpore Instituto de Medicina Cardiovascular, Santos, SP, Brasil
| | - R L Arantes
- Angiocorpore Instituto de Medicina Cardiovascular, Santos, SP, Brasil
| | - V Z Dourado
- Departamento de Ciências do Movimento Humano, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brasil.,Lown Scholars Program, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Cardoso JMDO, Brito RCFD, Mathias FAS, Reis LES, Vieira JFP, Ostolin TLVDP, Andrade HMD, Ramos GS, Frézard F, Aguiar-Soares RDDO, Roatt BM, Reis AB. Comparative evaluation of meglumine antimoniate encapsulated in a mixture of conventional and PEGylated liposomes and immunotherapy using an anti-canine IL-10 receptor-blocking monoclonal antibody on canine visceral leishmaniasis. Mol Immunol 2021; 141:70-78. [PMID: 34814056 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the therapeutic potential of the chemotherapy using meglumine antimoniate encapsulated in a mixture of conventional and PEGylated liposomes (Nano Sbv) and immunotherapy with anti-canine IL-10 receptor-blocking monoclonal antibody (Anti IL-10R) on canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). Twenty mongrel dogs naturally infected by L. infantum, displaying clinical signs of visceral leishmaniasis were randomly divided in two groups. In the first one, nine dogs received six intravenous doses of a mixture of conventional and PEGylated liposomes containing meglumine antimoniate at 6.5 mg Sb/kg/dose. In the second one, eleven dogs received two intramuscular doses of 4 mg of anti-canine IL-10 receptor-blocking monoclonal antibody. The animals were evaluated before (T0) and 30, 90, and 180 days after treatments. Our major results demonstrated that both treatments were able to maintain hematological and biochemical parameters, increase circulating T lymphocytes subpopulations, increase the IFN-γ producing T-CD4 lymphocytes, restore the lymphoproliferative capacity and improve the clinical status. However, although these improvements were observed in the initial post-treatment times, they did not maintain until the end of the experimental follow-up. We believe that the use of booster doses or the association of chemotherapy and immunotherapy (immunochemotherapy) is promising to improve the effectiveness of treating CVL for improving the clinical signs and possibly reducing the parasite burden in dogs infected with Leishmania infantum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamille Mirelle de Oliveira Cardoso
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rory Cristiane Fortes de Brito
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernando Augusto Siqueira Mathias
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Levi Eduardo Soares Reis
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João Filipe Pereira Vieira
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Hélida Monteiro de Andrade
- Laboratório de Leishmanioses, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Santos Ramos
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Sistemas Nanoestruturados, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofısica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Frédéric Frézard
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Sistemas Nanoestruturados, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofısica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Mendes Roatt
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais, INCT-DT, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Barbosa Reis
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais, INCT-DT, Brazil.
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Ostolin TLVDP, Gusmão MR, Mathias FAS, Cardoso JMDO, Roatt BM, Aguiar-Soares RDDO, Ruiz JC, Resende DDM, de Brito RCF, Reis AB. A chimeric vaccine combined with adjuvant system induces immunogenicity and protection against visceral leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice. Vaccine 2021; 39:2755-2763. [PMID: 33875268 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In Brazil, canine visceral leishmaniasis is an important public health problem due to its alarming growth. The high prevalence of infected dogs reinforces the need for a vaccine for use in prophylactic vaccination campaigns. In the present study, we evaluate the immunogenicity and protection of the best dose of Chimera A selected through the screening of cytokines production important in disease. BALB/c mice were vaccinated subcutaneously with three doses and challenged intravenously with 1 × 107L. infantum promastigotes. Spleen samples were collected to assess the intracellular cytokine profile production, T cell proliferation and parasite load. At first, three different doses of Chimera A (5 μg, 10 μg and 20 μg) were evaluated through the production of IFN-γ and IL-10 cytokines. Since the dose of 20 μg showed the best results, it was chosen to continue the study. Secondarily, Chimera A at dose of 20 μg was formulated with Saponin plus Monophosphoryl lipid A. Vaccination with Chimera A alone and formulated with SM adjuvant system was able to increase the percentage of the proliferation of specific T lymphocytes and stimulated a Th1 response with increased levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2, and decreased of IL-4 and IL-10. The vaccine efficacy through real-time PCR demonstrated a reduction in the splenic parasite load in animals that received Chimera A formulated with the SM adjuvant system (92%). Additionally, we observed increased levels of nitric oxide in stimulated-culture supernatants. The Chimera A formulated with the SM adjuvant system was potentially immunogenic, being able to induce immunoprotective mechanisms and reduce parasite load. Therefore, the use of T-cell multi-epitope vaccine is promising against visceral leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miriã Rodrigues Gusmão
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernando Augusto Siqueira Mathias
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; Grupo Informática de Biossistemas e Genômica, Instituto René Rachou, Fiocruz Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Mendes Roatt
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Jeronimo Conceição Ruiz
- Grupo Informática de Biossistemas e Genômica, Instituto René Rachou, Fiocruz Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniela de Melo Resende
- Grupo Informática de Biossistemas e Genômica, Instituto René Rachou, Fiocruz Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rory Cristiane Fortes de Brito
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Barbosa Reis
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Salvador, Brazil.
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