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Allen KT, Chin-Sinex H, DeLuca T, Pomerening JR, Sherer J, Watkins JB, Foley J, Jesseph JM, Mendonca MS. Dichloroacetate alters Warburg metabolism, inhibits cell growth, and increases the X-ray sensitivity of human A549 and H1299 NSC lung cancer cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:263-73. [PMID: 26393423 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether altering Warburg metabolism (aerobic glycolysis) by treatment with the metabolic agent dichloroacetate (DCA) could increase the X-ray-induced cell killing of the radiation-resistant human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines A549 and H1299. Treatment with 50mM DCA decreased lactate production and glucose consumption in both A549 and H1299, clear indications of attenuated aerobic glycolysis. In addition, we found that DCA treatment also slowed cell growth, increased population-doubling time, and altered cell cycle distribution. Furthermore, we report that treatment with 50mM DCA significantly increased single and fractionated X-ray-induced cell killing of A549 and H1299 cells. Assay of DNA double-strand break repair by neutral comet assays demonstrated that DCA inhibited both the fast and the slow kinetics of X-ray-induced DSB repair in both A549 and H1299 NSCL cancer cells. Taken together the data suggest a correlation between an attenuated aerobic glycolysis and enhanced cytotoxicity and radiation-induced cell killing in radiation-resistant NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Tan Allen
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Helen Chin-Sinex
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Thomas DeLuca
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | | | - Jeremy Sherer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - John B Watkins
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - John Foley
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jerry M Jesseph
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Marc S Mendonca
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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DeLuca T, Nilsson MC, Zackrisson O. Nitrogen mineralization and phenol accumulation along a fire chronosequence in northern Sweden. Oecologia 2002; 133:206-214. [PMID: 28547308 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-002-1025-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2001] [Accepted: 07/01/2002] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests of northern Sweden are often considered to be N limited. This limitation may have been exacerbated by the elimination of wildfire as a natural disturbance factor in these boreal forests. Phenolic inhibition of N mineralization and nitrification (due to litter and exudates of ericaceous shrubs) has been proposed as a mechanism for N limitation of these forests, but this hypothesis remains largely untested. N mineralization rates, nitrification rates, and sorption of free phenolic compounds were assessed along a fire-induced chronosequence in northern Sweden. A total of 34 forest stands varying in age since the last fire were identified and characterized. Overstorey and understorey vegetative composition and depth of humus were analysed in replicated plots at all 34 sites. Eight of the forest stands aged 3-352 years since the last fire were selected for intensive investigation in which ten replicate ionic resin capsules (used to assess net N mineralization and nitrification) and non-ionic carbonaceous resin capsules (used to assess free phenolic compounds) were installed at the interface of humus and mineral soil. A highly significant correlation was observed between site age and net sorption of inorganic N to resin capsules. Net accumulation of NH4+ and NO3- on resin capsules followed a linear decrease (R 2=0.61, P<0.01) with time perhaps as a result of increased N immobilization with successional C loading. NO3- sorption to resin capsules followed a logarithmic decrease (R 2=0.80, P<0.01) that may be related to a logarithmic increase in dwarf shrub cover and decreased soil charcoal sorption potential along this chronosequence. A replicated field study was conducted at one of the late successional field sites to assess the influence of charcoal and an added labile N source on N turnover. Three rates of charcoal (0, 100, and 1,000 g M-2) and two rates of glycine (0 and 50 g N as glycine M-2) were applied in a factorial design to microplots in a randomized complete block pattern. Net ammonification (as assessed by NH4+ sorption to resins) was readily increased by the addition of a labile N source, but this increase in NH4+ did not stimulate nitrification. Nitrification was stimulated slightly by the addition of charcoal resulting in similar levels of resin-sorbed NO3- as those found in early successional sites. Resin-sorbed polyphenol concentrations were decreased with charcoal amendments, but were actually increased with N amendments (likely due to decomposition of polyphenols). Net N mineralization appears to be limited by rapid NH4+ immobilization whereas nitrification is limited by the lack of an appropriate environment or by the presence of inhibitory compounds in late successional forests of northern Sweden.
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Affiliation(s)
- T DeLuca
- School of Forestry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA.
| | - M-C Nilsson
- Department of Forest Vegetation Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 901 83, Sweden
| | - O Zackrisson
- Department of Forest Vegetation Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 901 83, Sweden
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Lovett MW, Borden SL, Warren-Chaplin PM, Lacerenza L, DeLuca T, Giovinazzo R. Text comprehension training for disabled readers: an evaluation of reciprocal teaching and text analysis training programs. Brain Lang 1996; 54:447-480. [PMID: 8866058 DOI: 10.1006/brln.1996.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We are particularly grateful to Dr. Annemarie Sullivan Palincsar for her helpful advice and generosity in sharing materials, procedures, and sample dialogues for use in the version of Reciprocal Teaching used in the present study. This research was supported by an operating grant to the first author from the Ontario Mental Health Foundation. We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Janet Hinchley and Karen Steinbach in assisting with data collection and Nancy Benson, Carolyn Kroeber, and Karen Steinbach in assisting with data analysis. We thank Sheila Wroblewski and Rosemary Slyne for their contributions in program development and lesson planning. We are grateful to the Principals and staff of Winona and Jesse Ketchem Schools and the Toronto Board of Education for providing satellite locations and support for our programs. The enthusiasm and efforts of the 46 students enrolled in the present programs, and the cooperation and interest of their parents and teachers, are particularly acknowledged.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Lovett
- Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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