Abstract
Background
Severity and antimicrobial resistance of P. aeruginosa (PA) hospital-acquired pneumonia led the FDA to encourage the development of animal models for preclinical evaluation of new therapeutic strategies. We present here the validation of a rabbit model of PA acute pneumonia.
Methods
Rabbits were infected by endotracheal instillation of 1.8 mL of a standardized inoculum containing 9 × 107 CFU of PA clinical strain 6206 (predetermined 100% lethal dose). The natural history of the disease was described by the following parameters evaluated at 3, 4, 5, 6, 10 hours post-infection (hpi) and at the time of spontaneous death (6 rabbits/group): lung-to-body weight ratio (LW/BW), pulmonary, splenic and renal bacterial counts, pulmonary histology and blood markers (blood cell counts, blood gas and IL-8). Three groups of 12 rabbits were then treated with saline (controls), tobramycin or meropenem at doses determined by PK/PD analysis to confirm the efficacy of a human-equivalent dosing regimen.
Results
PA strain 6,206 caused fatal pneumonia in 13–23 hours by acute respiratory distress syndrome (pulmonary edema and necrosis with LW/BW > 10, pO2 <40 mmHg) and/or sepsis (hyperlactatemia, hypoglycemia, cytopenias). LW/BW and pulmonary bacterial counts increased significantly over time. The splenic and renal bacterial spread was constant after 6 hpi. Hypoxemia <60 mmHg appeared at 5 hpi for 4/6 rabbits, associated with elevated plasma IL-8 concentration, massive neutrophilic influx into the airspace, lung necrosis, hemorrhage, and pulmonary edema formation. Consequently, 5 hpi appeared as the most appropriate time to trigger a therapeutic intervention. Meropenem (80 mg/kg/q2h) or tobramycin (1 injection of 2.5 mg/kg, then saline/q2h) showed superiority over saline, with a mortality rate of 33% and 17% vs. 100%, and an LW/BW ratio of 8.53 and 8.54 vs. 13.9, respectively. Tobramycin was less effective than meropenem in clearing bacteria, with, respectively, 1 and 9 out of 12 rabbits having sterile samples.
Conclusion
This rabbit model of PA acute pneumonia is a reliable evaluation tool for new therapeutic strategies. Our study also provides guidance for the development of animal models by describing the natural history of disease and therapeutic validation.
![]()
![]()
Disclosures
All authors: No reported disclosures.
Collapse