1
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Linde MH, Fan AC, Kohnke T, Trotman-Grant AC, Gurev SF, Phan P, Zhao F, Haddock NL, Nuno KA, Gars EJ, Stafford M, Marshall PL, Dove CG, Linde IL, Landberg N, Miller LP, Majzner RG, Zhang TY, Majeti R. Reprogramming Cancer into Antigen Presenting Cells as a Novel Immunotherapy. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:1164-1185. [PMID: 36856575 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-0502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic cancer vaccination seeks to elicit activation of tumor-reactive T cells capable of recognizing tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and eradicating malignant cells. Here, we present a cancer vaccination approach utilizing myeloid lineage reprogramming to directly convert cancer cells into tumor reprogrammed-antigen presenting cells (TR-APCs). Using syngeneic murine leukemia models, we demonstrate that TR-APCs acquire both myeloid phenotype and function, process and present endogenous TAAs, and potently stimulate TAA-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In vivo TR-APC induction elicits clonal expansion of cancer-specific T cells, establishes cancer-specific immune memory, and ultimately promotes leukemia eradication. We further show that both hematologic cancers and solid tumors, including sarcomas and carcinomas, are amenable to myeloid-lineage reprogramming into TR-APCs. Finally, we demonstrate the clinical applicability of this approach by generating TR-APCs from primary clinical specimens and stimulating autologous patient-derived T cells. Thus, TR-APCs represent a cancer vaccination therapeutic strategy with broad implications for clinical immuno-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles H Linde
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Amy C Fan
- Stanford University, Palo Alto, United States
| | - Thomas Kohnke
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | | | - Sarah F Gurev
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Paul Phan
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Feifei Zhao
- Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Naomi L Haddock
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Kevin A Nuno
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Eric J Gars
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | | | - Payton L Marshall
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Christopher G Dove
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Ian L Linde
- Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States
| | - Niklas Landberg
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Lindsay P Miller
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Robbie G Majzner
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Tian Yi Zhang
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Ravindra Majeti
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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2
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Nakauchi Y, Azizi A, Thomas D, Corces MR, Reinisch A, Sharma R, Cruz Hernandez D, Kohnke T, Karigane D, Fan A, Martinez-Krams D, Stafford M, Kaur S, Dutta R, Phan P, Ediriwickrema A, McCarthy E, Ning Y, Phillips T, Ellison CK, Guler GD, Bergamaschi A, Ku CJ, Levy S, Majeti R. The cell type specific 5hmC landscape and dynamics of healthy human hematopoiesis and TET2-mutant pre-leukemia. Blood Cancer Discov 2022; 3:346-367. [DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-21-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The conversion of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is a key step in DNA demethylation that is mediated by ten-eleven-translocation (TET) enzymes, which require ascorbate/vitamin C. Here, we report the 5hmC landscape of normal hematopoiesis and identify cell type-specific 5hmC profiles associated with active transcription and chromatin accessibility of key hematopoietic regulators. We utilized CRISPR/Cas9 to model TET2 loss-of-function mutations in primary human HSPCs. Disrupted cells exhibited increased colonies in serial replating, defective erythroid/megakaryocytic differentiation, and in vivo competitive advantage and myeloid skewing coupled with reduction of 5hmC at erythroid-associated gene loci. Azacitidine and ascorbate restored 5hmC abundance and slowed or reverted the expansion of TET2-mutant clones in vivo. These results demonstrate the key role of 5hmC in normal hematopoiesis and TET2-mutant phenotypes and raise the possibility of utilizing these agents to further our understanding of pre-leukemia/clonal hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nakauchi
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Armon Azizi
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Daniel Thomas
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - M. Ryan Corces
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Fransisco, California, United States
| | - Andreas Reinisch
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Rajiv Sharma
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - David Cruz Hernandez
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit and Oxford Centre for Haematology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine,, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Kohnke
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Daiki Karigane
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Amy Fan
- Stanford University, Palo Alto, United States
| | | | | | - Satinder Kaur
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Ritika Dutta
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Paul Phan
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | | | | | - Yuhong Ning
- Bluestar Genomics Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Samuel Levy
- Bluestar Genomics, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Ravindra Majeti
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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3
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Kohnke T, Majeti R. Clonal hematopoiesis: from mechanisms to clinical intervention. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:2987-2997. [PMID: 34407958 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-0901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Our knowledge of how clonal hematopoiesis (CH) relates to diverse health conditions has grown vastly over the past years, touching upon many specialties beyond cancer medicine. Given that CH can act as a precursor to overt disease in many settings, the promise of early intervention has garnered much attention. In this review, we discuss the state of CH research and outline the challenges in developing clinical trials of early interventions. We anticipate that incidental findings of CH will become more common in the near future, but evidence-based efforts of how to manage these findings is currently lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kohnke
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine
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4
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Mattauch S, Koutsioubas A, Rücker U, Korolkov D, Fracassi V, Daemen J, Schmitz R, Bussmann K, Suxdorf F, Wagener M, Kämmerling P, Kleines H, Fleischhauer-Fuß L, Bednareck M, Ossoviy V, Nebel A, Stronciwilk P, Staringer S, Gödel M, Richter A, Kusche H, Kohnke T, Ioffe A, Babcock E, Salhi Z, Bruckel T. The high-intensity reflectometer of the Jülich Centre for Neutron Science: MARIA. J Appl Crystallogr 2018; 51:646-654. [PMID: 29896056 PMCID: PMC5988004 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576718006994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
MARIA (magnetism reflectometer with high incident angle) is a world class vertical sample reflectometer dedicated to the investigation of thin films in the fields of magnetism, soft matter and biology. The elliptical vertically focusing guide allows one to measure small samples with a typical size of 1 × 1 cm very efficiently. The double-bounce polarizer and the in situ pumped 3He SEOP (spin-exchange optical pumping) neutron spin filter cell for analysing the polarization of the reflected neutron beam can be moved into the beam in seconds. The polarized flux of MARIA amounts to 5 × 107 n (s cm2)-1 at the sample position with a horizontally collimated beam of 3 mrad, a wavelength of λ = 4.5 Å and a wavelength resolution of Δλ/λ = 10%. In the non-polarized mode a flux of 1.2 × 108 n (s cm2)-1 is achieved in this configuration. MARIA is also capable of grazing-incidence small-angle neutron scattering measurements, using a pinhole collimation with two four-segment slits and an absorber that prevents the focusing of the elliptical guide in the vertical direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mattauch
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, MLZ, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Alexandros Koutsioubas
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, MLZ, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rücker
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS and Peter Grünberg Institut PGI, JARA-FIT, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Denis Korolkov
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, MLZ, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | | | - Jos Daemen
- ZEA-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Ralf Schmitz
- ZEA-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Klaus Bussmann
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS and Peter Grünberg Institut PGI, JARA-FIT, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Frank Suxdorf
- ZEA-2, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | | | | | - Harald Kleines
- ZEA-2, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | | | | | - Vladimir Ossoviy
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, MLZ, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Andreas Nebel
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, MLZ, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Peter Stronciwilk
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, MLZ, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Simon Staringer
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, MLZ, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Marko Gödel
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, MLZ, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Alfred Richter
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, MLZ, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Harald Kusche
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, MLZ, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Kohnke
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, MLZ, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander Ioffe
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, MLZ, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Earl Babcock
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, MLZ, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Zahir Salhi
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, MLZ, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Bruckel
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS and Peter Grünberg Institut PGI, JARA-FIT, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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5
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Radulescu A, Szekely NK, Appavou MS, Pipich V, Kohnke T, Ossovyi V, Staringer S, Schneider GJ, Amann M, Zhang-Haagen B, Brandl G, Drochner M, Engels R, Hanslik R, Kemmerling G. Studying Soft-matter and Biological Systems over a Wide Length-scale from Nanometer and Micrometer Sizes at the Small-angle Neutron Diffractometer KWS-2. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 28060296 PMCID: PMC5226371 DOI: 10.3791/54639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The KWS-2 SANS diffractometer is dedicated to the investigation of soft matter and biophysical systems covering a wide length scale, from nm to µm. The instrument is optimized for the exploration of the wide momentum transfer Q range between 1x10-4 and 0.5 Å-1 by combining classical pinhole, focusing (with lenses), and time-of-flight (with chopper) methods, while simultaneously providing high-neutron intensities with an adjustable resolution. Because of its ability to adjust the intensity and the resolution within wide limits during the experiment, combined with the possibility to equip specific sample environments and ancillary devices, the KWS-2 shows a high versatility in addressing the broad range of structural and morphological studies in the field. Equilibrium structures can be studied in static measurements, while dynamic and kinetic processes can be investigated over time scales between minutes to tens of milliseconds with time-resolved approaches. Typical systems that are investigated with the KWS-2 cover the range from complex, hierarchical systems that exhibit multiple structural levels (e.g., gels, networks, or macro-aggregates) to small and poorly-scattering systems (e.g., single polymers or proteins in solution). The recent upgrade of the detection system, which enables the detection of count rates in the MHz range, opens new opportunities to study even very small biological morphologies in buffer solution with weak scattering signals close to the buffer scattering level at high Q. In this paper, we provide a protocol to investigate samples with characteristic size levels spanning a wide length scale and exhibiting ordering in the mesoscale structure using KWS-2. We present in detail how to use the multiple working modes that are offered by the instrument and the level of performance that is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurel Radulescu
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science Outstation at MLZ, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH;
| | - Noemi Kinga Szekely
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science Outstation at MLZ, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
| | - Marie-Sousai Appavou
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science Outstation at MLZ, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
| | - Vitaliy Pipich
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science Outstation at MLZ, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
| | - Thomas Kohnke
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science Outstation at MLZ, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
| | - Vladimir Ossovyi
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science Outstation at MLZ, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
| | - Simon Staringer
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science Outstation at MLZ, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
| | | | - Matthias Amann
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS-1 & Institute of Complex Systems ICS-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
| | - Bo Zhang-Haagen
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS-1 & Institute of Complex Systems ICS-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
| | - Georg Brandl
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science Outstation at MLZ, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
| | - Matthias Drochner
- Central Institute of Engineering, Electronics and Analytics - Electronic Systems (ZEA-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
| | - Ralf Engels
- Central Institute of Engineering, Electronics and Analytics - Electronic Systems (ZEA-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
| | - Romuald Hanslik
- Central Institute of Engineering, Electronics and Analytics - Engineering and Technology (ZEA-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
| | - Günter Kemmerling
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science Outstation at MLZ, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
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