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Nikodem D, Cłapa T, Narożna D. High Resolution Melting Analysis (HRM-PCR) - method and its application. Postepy Biochem 2021; 67:54-58. [PMID: 34378899 DOI: 10.18388/pb.2021_371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
DNA denaturation with High Resolution Melting PCR-HRM is a method based on the identification of differences in the denaturation of PCR reaction products in the presence of fluorescent dyes. It is used to detect genetic variation in nucleic acid sequences in many branches of science, medicine and industry. This article is a review of the current literature of the methodology, applications and development of HRM analysis, which, thanks to its advantages such as speed, low cost, flexibility and simplicity, has found many applications, and its spectrum is still expanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Nikodem
- Katedra Biochemii i Biotechnologii, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu.
| | - Tomasz Cłapa
- Katedra Biochemii i Biotechnologii, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu.
| | - Dorota Narożna
- Katedra Biochemii i Biotechnologii, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu.
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Abstract
High resolution melting (HRM) is a method based on the identification of differences in the denaturation of PCR reaction products in the presence of fluorescent dyes. It allows for a detailed analysis of the genetic profiles. In addition this analysis is low-cost, single-step, closed-tube and has high sensitivity. HRM found applications in diagnostics, laboratory and clinical researches. This article is a literature review of the applications of HRM analysis in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Nikodem
- Katedra Biochemii i Biotechnologii, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu.
| | - Tomasz Cłapa
- Katedra Biochemii i Biotechnologii, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu.
| | - Dorota Narożna
- Katedra Biochemii i Biotechnologii, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu.
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Czerwonka G, Gmiter D, Guzy A, Rogala P, Jabłońska-Wawrzycka A, Borkowski A, Cłapa T, Narożna D, Kowalczyk P, Syczewski M, Drabik M, Dańczuk M, Kaca W. A benzimidazole-based ruthenium(IV) complex inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation by interacting with siderophores and the cell envelope, and inducing oxidative stress. Biofouling 2019; 35:59-74. [PMID: 30727772 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2018.1564818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm-associated infections are a serious medical problem, and new compounds and therapies acting through novel mechanisms are much needed. Herein, the authors report a ruthenium(IV) complex that reduces P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm formation by 84%, and alters biofilm morphology and the living-to-dead cell ratio at 1 mM concentration. Including the compound in the culture medium altered the pigments secreted by PAO1, and fluorescence spectra revealed a decrease in pyoverdine. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the ruthenium complex did not penetrate the bacterial cell wall, but accumulated on external cell structures. Fluorescence quenching experiments indicated strong binding of the ruthenium complex to both plasmid DNA and bovine serum albumin. Formamidopyrimidine DNA N-glycosylase (Fpg) protein digestion of plasmid DNA isolated after ruthenium(IV) complex treatment revealed the generation of oxidative stress, which was further proved by the observed upregulation of catalase and superoxide dismutase gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Czerwonka
- a Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology , Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce , Poland
| | - Dawid Gmiter
- a Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology , Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce , Poland
| | - Anna Guzy
- a Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology , Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce , Poland
| | - Patrycja Rogala
- b Institute of Chemistry , Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce , Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Borkowski
- c Faculty of Geology, Geomicrobiology Laboratory , University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Tomasz Cłapa
- d Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Poznan University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland
| | - Dorota Narożna
- d Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Poznan University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland
| | - Paweł Kowalczyk
- e Department of Animal Nutrition , The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences , Jabłonna , Poland
| | | | - Marcin Drabik
- g Department of Astrophysics, Institute of Physics , Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce , Poland
| | - Magdalena Dańczuk
- h Faculty of Environmental, Geomatic and Energy Engineering , Kielce University of Technology , Kielce , Poland
| | - Wiesław Kaca
- a Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology , Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce , Poland
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Borkowski A, Gutowski Ł, Syczewski M, Cłapa T, Czerwonka G. Adaptation of bacteria Escherichia coli in presence of quaternary ammonium ionic liquids. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 164:370-378. [PMID: 30138820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the adaptation of Escherichia coli Gram-negative bacteria to increased concentrations of ionic liquids. Theophylline-based quaternary ammonium salts were used as an example of an ionic liquid that on the one hand includes an anion of natural origin and on the other hand is characterized by amphiphilic properties due to aliphatic chains in its structure. Theophylline-based ionic liquids can be synthesized relatively cheaply and easily and can exhibit strong antibacterial properties depending on the alkyl chain length. These compounds can also strongly affect bacterial membrane properties, including changes in electrokinetic potential as well as net surface charge. The experiments performed in this study succeeded in obtaining bacterial cultures growing at a tetradecyltrimethylammonium theophyllinate concentration three times higher than the minimum inhibition and bactericidal concentration. The adapted bacteria were characterized by intriguing changes in morphology and grew in the form of almost one-millimeter spheres in a liquid medium. It was shown that cultivation of adapted bacteria with tetradecyltrimethylammonium theophyllinate resulted in changes in the lipid membrane composition and protein patterns of the bacterial lysates, depending on the ionic liquid concentration. This study also revealed that such bacterial adaptation can increase sensitivity to antibiotics by affecting membrane properties like ionophores. These results can be potentially important with regard to synergistic or antagonistic action with other bactericidal compounds like antibiotics and nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Borkowski
- Faculty of Geology, Geomicrobiology Laboratory, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Gutowski
- Faculty of Advanced Technologies and Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Urbanowicza 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Syczewski
- Faculty of Geology, Geomicrobiology Laboratory, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Cłapa
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Szydłowska 50, 60-656 Poznan, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Czerwonka
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Świętokrzyska 15, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
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Kowalczyk P, Borkowski A, Czerwonka G, Cłapa T, Cieśla J, Misiewicz A, Borowiec M, Szala M. The microbial toxicity of quaternary ammonium ionic liquids is dependent on the type of lipopolysaccharide. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.06.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Borkowski A, Kowalczyk P, Czerwonka G, Cieśla J, Cłapa T, Misiewicz A, Szala M, Drabik M. Interaction of quaternary ammonium ionic liquids with bacterial membranes – Studies with Escherichia coli R1–R4-type lipopolysaccharides. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Cłapa T, Narożna D, Siuda R, Borkowski A, Selwet M, Mądrzak CJ, Koźlecka E. Bacterial Communities from the Arsenic Mine in Złoty Stok, Sudety Mountains, Poland. Pol J Microbiol 2017; 66:375-381. [PMID: 29319506 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0010.4875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigations of bacterial communities and characterization of mineralogy of the environment in the Złoty Stok As-Au deposit were carried out. PXRD analysis revealed the presence of picropharmacolite as the most common secondary arsenic mineral in the mine. Total DNA was extracted from slime streams or slime biofilms samples to investigate the bacterial communities. PCR amplification of 16S rDNA was performed followed by subcloning of its products. Over 170 clones were analyzed by means of RFLP method. Eight group of clones representing different restriction patterns were identified. The nucleotide sequences of their inserts suggest that bacteria present in the mine environment belong to: Flavobacteria, Sphingobacteriia, Bacteroides, Proteobacteria, Mollicutes and Firmicutes. The metagenomic approach allows to demonstrate a higher diversity of microbiota than classical microbiological studies of cultivable isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Cłapa
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Dorota Narożna
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Rafał Siuda
- Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Marek Selwet
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Cezary J Mądrzak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa Koźlecka
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Borkowski A, Ławniczak Ł, Cłapa T, Narożna D, Selwet M, Pęziak D, Markiewicz B, Chrzanowski Ł. Different antibacterial activity of novel theophylline-based ionic liquids - Growth kinetic and cytotoxicity studies. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2016; 130:54-64. [PMID: 27082812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate novel theophylline-based ionic liquids and their cytotoxic effects towards model Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli, respectively). Growth kinetics, respiratory rates and dehydrogenase activities were studied in the presence of ionic liquids at concentrations ranging from 10 to 1000mg/L. Additionally, the influence of ionic liquids on bacterial cells associated with specific interactions based on the structure of cell wall was evaluated. This effect was assessed by viability tests and scanning electron microscope observations. The obtained results confirmed that ionic liquids exhibit different levels of toxicity in relation to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Those effects are associated with the chemical structure of the cationic species of the ionic liquids and their critical micelle concentration value. It was established that the presence of an alkyl or allyl group increased the toxicity, whereas the presence of an aryl group in the cation decreased the toxic effect of ILs. Results presented in this study also revealed unexpected effects of self-aggregation of E. coli cells. Overall, it was established that the studied ILs exhibited higher toxicity towards Gram-positive bacteria due to different interactions between the ILs and the cell membranes. These findings may be of importance for the design of ILs with targeted antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Borkowski
- Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Ławniczak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 2, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Cłapa
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Szydłowska 50, 60-656 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dorota Narożna
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Selwet
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Szydłowska 50, 60-656 Poznan, Poland
| | - Daria Pęziak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 2, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Bartosz Markiewicz
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 2, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Łukasz Chrzanowski
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 2, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
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Beukes CW, Stępkowski T, Venter SN, Cłapa T, Phalane FL, le Roux MM, Steenkamp ET. Crotalarieae and Genisteae of the South African Great Escarpment are nodulated by novel Bradyrhizobium species with unique and diverse symbiotic loci. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 100:206-218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Selwet M, Galbas M, Słomski R, Cłapa T, Porzucek F. Monitoring of Virulence Genes, Drug-Resistance in Campylobacter coli Isolated from Golden Retrievers. Pol J Microbiol 2016; 65:237-240. [DOI: 10.5604/17331331.1204486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Selwet M, Galbas M, Słomski R, Cłapa T, Porzucek F. Monitoring of Virulence Genes, Drug-Resistance in Campylobacter coli Isolated from Golden Retrievers. Pol J Microbiol 2016; 65:237-240. [PMID: 28520333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The investigation was performed on 75 of Golden Retriever puppies. Faecal samples were collected on the 42 day of the puppies life (control). Probiotic preparation was administered on 43 day of the puppies life and 10 days after the application of the probiotic, faecal samples were collected again (on 53 day of puppies life). All isolates of Campylobacter coli isolated prior to the administration of the probiotic were found to contain the cadF gene responsible for adhesion, as well as, the flaA gene influencing motility of the examined bacteria. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were recorded only in the case of enrofloxacin.
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Borkowski A, Szala M, Kowalczyk P, Cłapa T, Narożna D, Selwet M. Oxidative stress in bacteria (Pseudomonas putida) exposed to nanostructures of silicon carbide. Chemosphere 2015; 135:233-239. [PMID: 25965002 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Silicon carbide (SiC) nanostructures produced by combustion synthesis can cause oxidative stress in the bacterium Pseudomonas putida. The results of this study showed that SiC nanostructures damaged the cell membrane, which can lead to oxidative stress in living cells and to the loss of cell viability. As a reference, micrometric SiC was also used, which did not exhibit toxicity toward cells. Oxidative stress was studied by analyzing the activity of peroxidases, and the expression of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (zwf1) using real-time PCR and northern blot techniques. Damage to nucleic acid was studied by isolating and hydrolyzing plasmids with the formamidopyrimidine [fapy]-DNA glycosylase (also known as 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase) (Fpg), which is able to detect damaged DNA. The level of viable microbial cells was investigated by propidium iodide and acridine orange staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Borkowski
- Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Szala
- Faculty of Advanced Technologies and Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Cłapa
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Szydłowska 50, 60-656 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dorota Narożna
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Selwet
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Szydłowska 50, 60-656 Poznan, Poland
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Borkowski A, Szala M, Cłapa T. Adsorption studies of the gram-negative bacteria onto nanostructured silicon carbide. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 175:1448-59. [PMID: 25410802 PMCID: PMC4318990 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1374-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrated a significant adsorption of Pseudomonas putida bacteria onto aggregates of nanofibers (NFSiC) and nanorods (NRSiC) of silicon carbide (SiC) in aqueous suspensions. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to quantify adsorption affinities. It was found that adsorption of the bacteria strongly depended on the structure of the silicon carbide and the pH of the aqueous solution, which affected the isoelectric point of both the silicon carbide and the bacterial cells. The strongest affinity of bacteria was noted in the case of NRSiC aggregates. Affinity was inversely proportional to pH. Similarly, the adsorption of bacteria to the surface of the aggregates increased with decreasing pH. For NFSiC, the affinity of the bacteria for the surface of the aggregates was also inversely proportional to pH. However, adsorption increased at higher pH values. This discrepancy was explained by microscopic analysis, which showed that the bacterial cells were both adsorbed onto and trapped by NFSiC. The adsorption of bacteria onto a micrometric silicon carbide reference material was significantly smaller than adsorption onto nanostructured SiC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Borkowski
- Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland,
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Selwet M, Cłapa T, Galbas M, Słomski R, Porzucek F. The Prevalence of Campylobacter spp. and Occurrence of Virulence Genes Isolated from Dogs. Pol J Microbiol 2015; 64:73-76. [PMID: 26094320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. isolated from dogs' faecal samples. From June 2012 to June 2013, a total of 210 faecal samples from pet dogs living in different kennels (n = 210) were collected by the owners in Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poznań District, Poland. The study revealed that 105 out of 210 faecal samples (50%) contained Campylobacter. The highest prevalence of Campylobacter spp. occurred in spring (81%), followed by winter (64%). The cadF gene was found in 100% of the isolates tested. The occurrence of the other genes was variable. The isolates from young dogs were characterised by higher occurrence of virulence genes.
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