Dry eye rate and its relationship with disease stage in patients with primary hypertension: a cross-sectional study in Vietnam

AIM

To determine the dry eye (DE) rate and its relationship with disease stage in patients with primary hypertension.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study included 432 patients with primary hypertension (with an equal number of patients in each group: 144 in stage I, II, and III hypertension) and 144 healthy subjects as a control group. The Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and Schirmer I test without anesthetics were conducted on all 576 subjects. Subjects with OSDI scores <13 and Schirmer I values equal to or under 10 mm were diagnosed with DE.

RESULTS

The ratio of DE in hypertension patients was higher than in the control group (41.7% versus 18.8%; P<0.001). The proportion of patients with DE increased gradually according to the hypertension stage: 27.1% in stage I, 40.3% in stage II, and 57.6% in stage III, P<0.001. Age, duration of hypertension, plasma urea, creatinine, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP-hs) levels in hypertension patients with DE were higher than those without DE, P<0.001. Advanced age, a long duration of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, elevated plasma creatinine, and CRP-hs levels were independent factors associated with DE in primary hypertension patients, P<0.001.

CONCLUSION

DE is a common disorder associated with advanced age, a long duration of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, elevated plasma CRP-hs, and creatinine levels in patients with primary hypertension.

Chemical modification of tylosin

20-Homo tylosin, 20-nor tylosin, 20-deoxy-19,20-didehydro tylosin (6-vinyl tylosin) and 2",3"-didehydro-3"-deoxy tylosin were prepared by multi-step procedures. 20-Homo tylosin was about twice less active than tylosin while the other compounds exhibited very weak antibacterial activity.

Synthesis and antitumor activity of 3'-C-methyl-daunorubicin

Reaction of 1,5-anhydro-4-O-benzoyl-2,3,6-trideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-trifluoro-acetami no-L-lyxo-hex-1-enitol with daunomycinone in the presence of anhydrous toluene-p-sulfonic acid in benzene, followed by removal of the N- and O-protecting groups under mild conditions, gave 3'-C-methyldaunorubicin. The antitumor activity of the new anthracycline glycoside has been evaluated.