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Patel S, Knight A, Krause S, Teceno T, Tresse C, Li S, Cai Z, Gouasmat A, Carroll VM, Barret O, Gottmukkala V, Zhang W, Xiang X, Morley T, Huang Y, Passchier J. Preclinical In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of Synaptic Vesicle 2A-Targeting Compounds Amenable to F-18 Labeling as Potential PET Radioligands for Imaging of Synapse Integrity. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 22:832-841. [PMID: 31728839 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-019-01428-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Current synaptic vesicle 2A (SV2A) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents include the nanomolar affinity probes [11C]UCB-J and [18F]UCB-H derived from the anti-epileptic drug levitaracetam (Keppra®). An industry-utilized "de-risking" approach was used to carry out initial pharmacological characterization and to assess potential next-generation candidates amenable to F-18 radiolabeling for preliminary evaluation. PROCEDURES Radioligand binding methods were employed in mammalian brain homogenates to determine the SV2A affinity (Kd) and maximal binding capacity (Bmax) of [3H]UCB-J. Novel leads were then screened to identify compounds minimally with comparable binding affinities with UCB-J in order to select a F-18-labeled candidate for subsequent in vivo assessment in rat. In parallel, mammalian brain tissue section autoradiography was performed to assess specific SV2A distribution. RESULTS [3H]UCB-J bound with high affinity to a single population of sites in the rat brain (Kd = 2.6 ± 0.25 nM; Bmax = 810 ± 25 fmol/mg protein) and control human cortex (Kd = 2.9 ± 0.54 nM; Bmax = 10,000 ± 640 fmol/mg protein). Distribution of specific SV2A binding was shown to be homogeneous throughout the rodent brain and primarily in gray matter regions of rodent and human brain sections. Analog screening identified MNI-1038, MNI-1126/SDM-8, and SDM-2 as having comparable binding affinities with the currently available PET ligands. Subsequent [18F]MNI-1126/[18F]SDM-8 dynamic micro-PET imaging in rats revealed in vivo uptake and accumulation in the brain with favorable kinetics. Chase studies using 30 mg/kg levetiracetam confirmed that in vivo brain uptake of [18F]MNI-1126/[18F]SDM-8 was reversible. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data suggest [18F]MNI-1126/[18F]SDM-8 (since renamed as [18F]SynVesT-1) characterized via an in vitro screening cascade provided a measurable in vivo SV2A specific signal in the rodent brain. This tracer as well as the close analog [18F]SDM-2 (since renamed as [18F]SynVesT-2) is currently undergoing further evaluation in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shil Patel
- Codiak Biosciences, 500 Technology Square, 9th Floor, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Ashley Knight
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Stephen Krause
- Eisai Inc., 100 Tice Blvd, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - Tyler Teceno
- Eisai Inc., 100 Tice Blvd, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - Cedric Tresse
- Invicro, LLC, 27 Drydock Ave. 7th Floor West, Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Songye Li
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 801 Howard Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Zhengxin Cai
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 801 Howard Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | | | - Vincent M Carroll
- Invicro, LLC, 27 Drydock Ave. 7th Floor West, Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Olivier Barret
- Invicro, LLC, 27 Drydock Ave. 7th Floor West, Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Vijay Gottmukkala
- Invicro, LLC, 27 Drydock Ave. 7th Floor West, Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianhong Xiang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Thomas Morley
- Invicro, LLC, 27 Drydock Ave. 7th Floor West, Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 801 Howard Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Jan Passchier
- Invicro, LLC, 27 Drydock Ave. 7th Floor West, Boston, MA, 02210, USA
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Sehgal K, Portell A, Ivanova EV, Lizotte PH, Mahadevan NR, Greene JR, Vajdi A, Gurjao C, Teceno T, Taus LJ, Thai TC, Kitajima S, Liu D, Tani T, Noureddine M, Lau CJ, Kirschmeier PT, Liu D, Giannakis M, Jenkins RW, Gokhale PC, Goldoni S, Pinzon-Ortiz M, Hastings WD, Hammerman PS, Miret JJ, Paweletz CP, Barbie DA. Dynamic single-cell RNA sequencing identifies immunotherapy persister cells following PD-1 blockade. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:135038. [PMID: 33151910 PMCID: PMC7810472 DOI: 10.1172/jci135038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to oncogene-targeted therapies involves discrete drug-tolerant persister cells, originally discovered through in vitro assays. Whether a similar phenomenon limits efficacy of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) blockade is poorly understood. Here, we performed dynamic single-cell RNA-Seq of murine organotypic tumor spheroids undergoing PD-1 blockade, identifying a discrete subpopulation of immunotherapy persister cells (IPCs) that resisted CD8+ T cell-mediated killing. These cells expressed Snai1 and stem cell antigen 1 (Sca-1) and exhibited hybrid epithelial-mesenchymal features characteristic of a stem cell-like state. IPCs were expanded by IL-6 but were vulnerable to TNF-α-induced cytotoxicity, relying on baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2 (Birc2) and Birc3 as survival factors. Combining PD-1 blockade with Birc2/3 antagonism in mice reduced IPCs and enhanced tumor cell killing in vivo, resulting in durable responsiveness that matched TNF cytotoxicity thresholds in vitro. Together, these data demonstrate the power of high-resolution functional ex vivo profiling to uncover fundamental mechanisms of immune escape from durable anti-PD-1 responses, while identifying IPCs as a cancer cell subpopulation targetable by specific therapeutic combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Sehgal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew Portell
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elena V. Ivanova
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patrick H. Lizotte
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Navin R. Mahadevan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Amir Vajdi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carino Gurjao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tyler Teceno
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Luke J. Taus
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tran C. Thai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shunsuke Kitajima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Derek Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tetsuo Tani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Moataz Noureddine
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christie J. Lau
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul T. Kirschmeier
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Russell W. Jenkins
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Prafulla C. Gokhale
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Silvia Goldoni
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria Pinzon-Ortiz
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Peter S. Hammerman
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Juan J. Miret
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cloud P. Paweletz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David A. Barbie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Bender A, Wu Y, Burgess L, Teceno T, Skokanova E, Cao Q, Wilcoxen K, Ishizaka S, Shirota H. Characterization of sepsis pathogenesis using molecular biomarkers and drug treatments in the mouse CLP model (56.6). The Journal of Immunology 2011. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.56.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Sepsis is a severe systemic disease caused by an uncontrolled immune response to an inflammatory stimulus. Sepsis has a high mortality rate and few successful treatments are available. Furthermore, one of the confounding aspects of sepsis treatment is the highly variable and dynamic manifestation of the disease. Thus, there is a need not only for new sepsis treatments but also for biomarkers of sepsis that may guide physicians in patient treatment. The cecal ligation and puncture model (CLP) is a clinically relevant model that replicates the nature of human sepsis after trauma as it has a focus of infection rather than a systemic initiation. Thus, we have chosen to characterize the CLP model and use it to evaluate candidate sepsis biomarkers and therapeutics. We evaluated a variety of potential biomarkers and correlated them with body temperature to determine which ones best reflect the health of the animal. Interestingly, some cytokines and blood chemistry markers highly correlated with health and bacterial load while others did not. To gain further insight into sepsis pathogenesis we tested drugs with differing mechanisms of action. A significant observation was that an antibiotic was highly efficacious while the immunosuppressive dexamethasone was not beneficial; suggesting that bacterial elimination is crucial for survival. In summary, our results suggest potential biomarkers for guiding sepsis treatment and provide insight into sepsis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yin Wu
- 1Eisai, Inc., Andover, MA
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