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Smith CL, Thompson TW, Harr K, Goretska M, Mayer TR, Schwartz TE, Borders SE, Gehring KB, Bass PD, Pfeiffer MM, Mafi GG, Pendell DL, Morgan JB, Griffin DB, Savell JW, Scanga JA, Nair MN, Belk KE. National Beef Quality Audit-2022 Phase 1: face-to-face and digital interviews. Transl Anim Sci 2024; 8:txae034. [PMID: 38562215 PMCID: PMC10983070 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txae034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The National Beef Quality Audit (NBQA) has been conducted regularly since 1991 to assess and benchmark quality in the U.S. beef industry, with the most recent iteration conducted in 2022. The goal of NBQA Phase I is to evaluate what needs to be managed to improve beef quality and demand. Interviews (n = 130) of industry personnel were conducted with the aid of routing software. In total, packers (n = 24), retailers (n = 20), further processors (n = 26), foodservice (n = 18), and allied government agencies and trade organizations (n = 42) were interviewed. Interviews were routed in software based on interviewee involvement in either the fed steer and heifer market cow and bull sectors, or both. Interviews were structured to elicit random responses in the order of determining "must-have" criteria (quality factors that are required to make a purchase), best/worst ranking (of quality factors based on importance), how interviewees defined quality terms, a strength, weakness, opportunities, threats (SWOT) analysis, general beef industry questions, and sustainability goals (the latter four being open-ended). Quality factors were 1) visual characteristics, 2) cattle genetics, 3) food safety, 4) eating satisfaction, 5) animal well-being, 6) weight and size, and 7) lean, fat, and bone. Best/worst analysis revealed that "food safety" was the most (P < 0.05) important factor in beef purchasing decisions for all market sectors and frequently was described as "everything" and "a way of business." Culture surrounding food safety changed compared to previous NBQAs with interviewees no longer considering food safety as a purchasing criterion, but rather as a market expectation. The SWOT analysis indicated that "eating quality of U.S. beef" was the greatest strength, and cited that educating both consumers and producers on beef production would benefit the industry. Irrespective of whether companies' products were fed or market cow/bull beef, respondents said that they believed "environmental concerns" were among the major threats to the industry. Perceived image of the beef industry in the market sectors has improved since NBQA-2016 for both fed cattle and market cow/bull beef.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colton L Smith
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Tyler W Thompson
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Keayla Harr
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Macey Goretska
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Thachary R Mayer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Trent E Schwartz
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Sydni E Borders
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Kerri B Gehring
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Phil D Bass
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Morgan M Pfeiffer
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Gretchen G Mafi
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Dustin L Pendell
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | | | - Davey B Griffin
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Savell
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - John A Scanga
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Mahesh N Nair
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Keith E Belk
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Pinnell LJ, Young JD, Thompson TW, Wolfe CA, Bryant TC, Nair MN, Richeson JT, Morley PS. Establishing the link between microbial communities in bovine liver abscesses and the gastrointestinal tract. Anim Microbiome 2023; 5:58. [PMID: 37986094 PMCID: PMC10662489 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-023-00278-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver abscesses (LAs) are one of the most common and important problems faced by the beef industry. The most efficacious method for the prevention of LAs in North America is through dietary inclusion of low doses of antimicrobial drugs such as tylosin, but the mechanisms by which this treatment prevents LAs are not fully understood. LAs are believed to result from mucosal barrier dysfunction in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) allowing bacterial translocation to the liver via the portal vein, yet differences in the GIT microbiome of cattle with and without LAs have not been explored. Here, we characterized microbial communities from LAs, rumen, ileum, and colon from the same cattle for the first time. RESULTS Results demonstrate that tylosin supplementation was associated with differences in microbial community structure in the rumen and small intestine, largely because of differences in the predominance of Clostridia. Importantly, we show for the first time that microbial communities from multiple LAs in one animal's liver are highly similar, suggesting that abscesses found at different locations in the liver may originate from a localized source in the GIT (rather than disparate locations). A large portion of abscesses were dominated by microbial taxa that were most abundant in the hindgut. Further, we identified taxa throughout the GIT that were differentially abundant between animals with and without liver abscesses. Bifidobacterium spp.-a bacteria commonly associated with a healthy GIT in several species-were more abundant in the rumen and ileum of animals without LAs compared to those with LAs. CONCLUSIONS Together these results provide the first direct comparison of GIT and LA microbial communities within the same animal, add considerable evidence to the hypothesis that some LA microbial communities arise from the hindgut, and suggest that barrier dysfunction throughout the GIT may be the underlying cause of LA formation in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee J Pinnell
- Veterinary Education, Research, and Outreach Program, Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX, 79015, USA
| | - J Daniel Young
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX, 79015, USA
| | - Tyler W Thompson
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Cory A Wolfe
- Veterinary Education, Research, and Outreach Program, Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX, 79015, USA
| | - Tony C Bryant
- Five Rivers Cattle Feeding, Johnstown, CO, 80534, USA
| | - Mahesh N Nair
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - John T Richeson
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX, 79015, USA
| | - Paul S Morley
- Veterinary Education, Research, and Outreach Program, Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX, 79015, USA.
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Fanelli NS, Bailey HM, Thompson TW, Delmore R, Nair MN, Stein HH. Digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) is greater in animal-based burgers than in plant-based burgers if determined in pigs. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:461-475. [PMID: 34476569 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02658-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Determine digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) for animal- and plant-based burgers and test the hypothesis that DIAAS calculated for a burger and a burger bun is additive in a combined meal. METHODS Ten ileal cannulated gilts were fed experimental diets for six 9-d periods with ileal digesta being collected on d 8 and 9 of each period. Six diets contained a burger (i.e., 80% lean beef, 93% lean beef, 80% lean pork, Impossible Burger, or Beyond Burger) or a burger bun as the sole source of crude protein and amino acids. Three additional diets were based on a combination of the bun and 80% beef, pork, or Impossible Burger. A nitrogen-free diet was also used. The DIAAS for all ingredients and mixed meals was calculated for children from 6 months to 3 years and for individuals older than 3 years, and DIAAS for combined meals was predicted from individual ingredient DIAAS. RESULTS The 93% lean beef and the pork burgers had greater (P < 0.05) DIAAS than the plant-based burgers for both age groups. The 80% lean beef burger had greater (P < 0.05) DIAAS than the plant burgers for children from 6 months to 3 years, and greater (P < 0.05) DIAAS than the Beyond Burger for individuals older than 3 years. There were no differences between the measured and predicted DIAAS. CONCLUSIONS The protein quality of animal-based burgers is greater than that of plant-based burgers. However, for individuals older than 3 years, the Impossible Burger has comparable protein quality to the 80% lean beef burger. The DIAAS obtained from individual foods is additive in mixed meals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S Fanelli
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Hannah M Bailey
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Tyler W Thompson
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Robert Delmore
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Mahesh Narayanan Nair
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Hans H Stein
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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Thompson TW, Geornaras I, Delmore RJ, McFarlane BJ, Belk KE, Nair MN. Investigating the Etiology of Sour Knuckles in Postchilled Beef Carcasses. Meat and Muscle Biology 2020. [DOI: 10.22175/mmb.11557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of sourness in beef round muscle cuts, such as knuckles, has been a long-standing issue in the beef industry with little characterization. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate and characterize the sour odor associated with beef knuckles using sensory, analytical (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [GC-MS]), and microbiological approaches. Knuckles (n = 10) with no sour odor (control), a slight sour odor, or severe sour odor were collected during fabrication from a commercial beef processing plant. In addition, the synovial fluid from the femur joint, and the femur surface associated with the collected knuckles, were sponge-sampled. Knuckles were separated into 2 halves, with one half subjected to an odor panel, GC-MS, and microbial analyses on the day of collection (day 0). The remaining half was analyzed for odor and microbial populations following 35 d of vacuum-packaged storage at 0°C ± 2°C (day 35). Odor panelists identified differences (P < 0.05) between control and sour knuckles (slight sour odor and severe sour odor) for all attributes tested (off-odor, oxidation, putrid, and sour notes) regardless of storage day. GC-MS analysis found no statistical difference (P > 0.05) in volatiles between control and severe-sour-odor samples. Microbial analysis (aerobic plate counts and lactic acid bacteria counts) of muscle tissue on day 0 and day 35 of storage revealed no (P > 0.05) differences between the 3 treatment groups. Similarly, no (P > 0.05) differences between the treatment groups were obtained following analysis of synovial fluid and femur surface sponge samples for psychrotrophic anaerobic sporeformer counts. The findings of the study indicated that the souring condition in knuckles exists at identifiable intensities with no volatile acid or microbial population differences; therefore, further investigation is needed to determine the etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Keith E. Belk
- Colorado State University Department of Animal Sciences
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Thompson TW, Hinds O, Ghosh S, Lala N, Triantafyllou C, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Gabrieli J. Training Selective Auditory Attention with Real-Time fMRI Feedback. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)70339-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Thompson TW, Stephens TP, Loneragan GH, Miller MF, Brashears MM. Comparison of rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunomagnetic separation methods for detection of Escherichia coli O157 in fecal, hide, carcass, and ground beef samples. J Food Prot 2007; 70:2230-4. [PMID: 17969602 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-70.10.2230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are approved for detection of Escherichia coil O157 in beef products. However, these kits have also been used in the industry to detect this pathogen on hides or in feces of cattle, although this use has not been validated. The objective of this study was to compare commercially available ELISAs (E. coli Now, Reveal, and VIP) with immunomagnetic separation along with selective media to detect E. coli O157 on hides, in feces, and in medium- and low-level-inoculated ground beef and carcasses (simulated by using briskets) samples. Naturally infected hide and fecal samples were subjected to both the immunomagnetic separation method and ELISAs for the detection of E. coli O157. Additionally, E. coli O157 inoculated and noninoculated ground beef and beef briskets were used to simulate meat and carcass samples. When comparing the detection results from the ELISAs (E. coli Now, Reveal, and VIP) to the immunomagnetic separation method, poor agreement was observed for fecal samples (kappa = 0.10, 0.02, and 0.03 for E. coli Now, Reveal, and VIP, respectively), and fair-to-moderate agreement was observed for hide samples (kappa = 0.30, 0.51, and 0.29 for E. coli Now, Reveal, and VIP, respectively). However, there was near-perfect agreement between the immunomagnetic separation method and ELISAs for ground beef (kappa = 1, 1, and 0.80 for E. coli Now, Reveal, and VIP, respectively) and brisket (kappa = 1, 1, and 1 for E. coli Now, Reveal, and VIP, respectively) samples. Assuming immunomagnetic separation is the best available method, these data suggest that the ELISAs are not useful in detecting E. coli O157 from hide or fecal samples. However, when ELISAs are used on ground beef and beef brisket samples they can be used with a high degree of confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Thompson
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
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Stephens TP, Loneragan GH, Thompson TW, Sridhara A, Branham LA, Pitchiah S, Brashears MM. Distribution of Escherichia coli 0157 and Salmonella on hide surfaces, the oral cavity, and in feces of feedlot cattle. J Food Prot 2007; 70:1346-9. [PMID: 17612062 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-70.6.1346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To determine the distribution of pathogens on cattle hides at the feedlot, samples were collected from six hide surface locations (back, flank, hock, neck, perineum, and ventrum), the oral cavity, the rectal-anal junction, and the feces of feedlot cattle and subjected to Escherichia coli 0157 detection via culture methods and to Salmonella detection via PCR. E. coli 0157 was isolated from one or more of the sampling locations from 31 (42.5%) of the 73 animals sampled. Location-specific prevalence of E. coli 0157 was 5% for back samples, 5% for flank samples, 12% for hock samples, 7% for neck samples, 12% for perineum samples, 8% for ventrum samples, 1% for oral cavity samples, 4% for rectal-anal junction swabs, and 23% for fecal grab samples. Salmonella was isolated from one or more of these sample locations from 100% (50 of 50 samples) of all animals sampled. Location-specific prevalence of Salmonella was 76% for back samples, 74% for flank samples, 94% for hock samples, 76% for neck samples, 88% for perineum samples, 86% for ventrum samples, 94% for oral cavity samples, 64% for rectal-anal junction swabs, and 50% for fecal grab samples. The sampling locations that maximized the likelihood of finding E. coli 0157 and Salmonella (84 and 96%, respectively) if the animal was positive at one sampling location or more were the hock, perineum, and fecal grab. These data suggest that the use of multiple sample locations is useful when isolating these pathogens from feedlot cattle. Focusing on one sampling location may underestimate the prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Stephens
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
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Thompson TW. Domestic violence resource list. Mass Nurse 1994; 64:11. [PMID: 7837942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Abstract
Surface imagery of ocean waves under Hurricane Gloria (September 1976) has been obtained with an airborne synthetic-aperture imaging radar. Observations were obtained over most of the area within a radius of 150 kilometers around the center of the eye. These direct observations made it possible to derive the wave patterns in the region around a hurricane eye.
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Zisk SH, Carr MH, Masursky H, Shorthill RW, Thompson TW. Lunar Apennine-Hadley Region: Geological Implications of Earth-Based Radar and Infrared Measurements. Science 1971; 173:808-12. [PMID: 17812190 DOI: 10.1126/science.173.3999.808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Recently completed high-resolution radar maps of the moon contain information on the decimeter-scale structure of the surface. When this information is combined with eclipse thermal-enhancement data and with high-resolution Lunar Orbiter photography, the surface morphology is revealed in some detail. A geological history for certain features and subareas can be developed, which provides one possible framework for the interpretation of the findings from the Apollo 15 landing. Frequency of decimeter-and meter-size blocks in and around lunar craters, given by the remote-sensed data, supports a multilayer structure in the Palus Putredinis mare region, as well as a great age for the bordering Apennine Mountains scarp.
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Schaber GG, Eggleton RE, Thompson TW. Lunar Radar Mapping: Correlation between Radar Reflectivity and Stratigraphy in North-western Mare Imbrium. Nature 1970; 226:1236-9. [PMID: 16057777 DOI: 10.1038/2261236b0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/1970] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G G Schaber
- US Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
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Ash ME, Campbell DB, Dyce RB, Ingalls RP, Jurgens R, Pettengill GH, Shapiro II, Slade MA, Thompson TW. The Case for the Radar Radius of Venus. Science 1968; 160:985-7. [PMID: 17768889 DOI: 10.1126/science.160.3831.985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The Venus radius of 6085 +/- 10 kilometers, deduced from combining observations made with the Venera 4 and Mariner V space probes is incompatible with the value of 6050 +/- kilometers determined from Earth-based radar mesurements.
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