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Lo YH, Li CS, Chen HL, Chiang CY, Huang CC, Tu TJ, Lo TH, Choy DF, Arron JR, Chen HY, Liu FT. Galectin-8 Is Upregulated in Keratinocytes by IL-17A and Promotes Proliferation by Regulating Mitosis in Psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:503-511.e9. [PMID: 32805218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that develops under the influence of the IL-23/T helper 17 cell axis and is characterized by intense inflammation and prominent epidermal hyperplasia. In this study, we demonstrate that galectin-8, a β-galactoside‒binding lectin, is upregulated in the epidermis of human psoriatic skin lesions as well as in a mouse model of psoriasis induced by intradermal IL-23 injections and in IL-17A‒treated keratinocytes. We show that keratinocyte proliferation is less prominent in galectin-8‒knockout mice after intradermal IL-23 treatment than in wild-type mice. In addition, we show that galectin-8 levels in keratinocytes are positively correlated with the ability of the cells to proliferate and that transitioning from mitosis into G1 phase is delayed in galectin-8‒knockout HaCaT cells after cell-cycle synchronization and release. We demonstrate by immunofluorescence staining and immunoblotting the presence of galectin-8 within the mitotic apparatus. We reveal by coimmunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis that α-tubulin interacts with galectin-8 during mitosis. Finally, we show that in the absence of galectin-8, pericentrin compactness is lessened and mitotic microtubule length is shortened, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence staining. We conclude that galectin-8 is upregulated in psoriasis and contributes to the hyperproliferation of keratinocytes by maintaining centrosome integrity during mitosis through interacting with α-tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hsin Lo
- Department of Dermatology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Immunology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Shan Li
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Lin Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cho-Ying Chiang
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chun Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Jui Tu
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Han Lo
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Huan-Yuan Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.
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Lo TH, Chen HL, Chen HY, Liu FT. Galectin-3 promotes non-canonical inflammasome activation through binding to glycans on LPS intracellularly. The Journal of Immunology 2019. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.183.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In response to infection, pyroptosis is a typical inflammatory form of cell death. Even though the various stimuli have been well elucidated in the regulation of host immune responses through caspase-1, the mechanism of caspase-4/5/11 is not defined. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria have been shown to induce non-canonical inflammasome activation by binding to caspase-4/5/11 through its lipid A moiety intracellularly and causing oligomerization and activation. Galectin-3, belonging to a beta-galactoside-binding protein family, can bind to LPSs from different Gram-negative bacteria, which are composed of beta-galactoside-containing polysaccharide chains. Galectin-3 is known to self-associate upon binding to multivalent glycans through its non-lectin domain. Therefore, we hypothesized that galectin-3 can cross-link LPS and form an ordered array of galectin-3-LPS complex, and consequently, amplify LPS-induced caspase-4/5/11 oligomerization and activation. To test this hypothesis, we transferred LPSs intracellularly by liposome-mediated transfection into galectin-3−/− bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and wild-type cells. We noted galectin-3 deficiency resulted in a lower level of LPS-induced pyroptosis. Co-immunoprecipitation confirmed the interaction between galectin-3 and caspase-11 in RAW264.7 cells after LPS intracellular delivery. In a cell-free system, we showed that galectin-3 facilitated the assembly of LPS-induced caspase-4 oligomerization and activation. In conclusion, galectin-3 is a novel host factor in the induction of higher degree of caspase-4/5/11 oligomerization and activation through LPS binding, resulting in more intense pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Han Lo
- 1Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- 2Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Lin Chen
- 1Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Yuan Chen
- 1Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- 1Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Schramm P, Navia P, Papa R, Zamarro J, Tomasello A, Weber W, Fiehler J, Michel P, Pereira VM, Krings T, Gralla J, Santalucia P, Pierot L, Lo TH. ADAPT technique with ACE68 and ACE64 reperfusion catheters in ischemic stroke treatment: results from the PROMISE study. J Neurointerv Surg 2018; 11:226-231. [PMID: 30061367 PMCID: PMC6582710 DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2018-014122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background and purpose The recent randomized trials demonstrated the benefit of mechanical thrombectomy in stroke therapy. However, treatment using different strategies is an ongoing area of investigation. The PROMISE study analyzed the safety and effectiveness of the Penumbra System with the ACE68 and ACE64 reperfusion catheters in aspiration thrombectomy of stroke, using A Direct Aspiration First Pass Technique (ADAPT). Methods PROMISE was a prospective study which enrolled 204 patients with intracranial anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (LVO) ischemic stroke in 20 centers from February 2016 to May 2017. Initial treatment was with the ACE68/ACE64 catheters within 6 hours of symptom onset. Imaging and safety review was performed by an independent Core Laboratory and a Clinical Events Committee. The primary angiographic outcome was revascularization to mTICI 2b-3 at immediate post-procedure and the primary clinical outcome was 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≤2. Safety assessment included device- and procedure-related serious adverse events (SAEs), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), mortality, and embolization of new territory (ENT). Results Enrolled patients had a median age of 74 (IQR 65–80) years and a median admission NIHSS of 16 (IQR 11–20). The post-procedure mTICI 2b-3 revascularization rate was 93.1% and the 90-day mRS 0–2 rate was 61%. Device- and procedure-related SAEs at 24 hours occurred in 1.5% and 3.4%, respectively, 90-day mortality was 7.5%, sICH occurred in 2.9% while ENT occurred in 1.5%. Conclusions For frontline therapy of LVO stroke, the ACE68/ACE64 catheters for aspiration thrombectomy were found to be safe and showed similar efficacy to randomized trials using other revascularization techniques. Clinical Trial Registration NCT02678169; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schramm
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Pedro Navia
- Radiology-Interventional Neuroradiology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Rosario Papa
- Radiology, Universita degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Joaquin Zamarro
- Interventional Neuroradiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Tomasello
- Department of Radiology, Section of Interventional Neuroradiology, Barcelona, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Werner Weber
- Radiology and Neuroradiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, University Medical Center Langendreer, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jens Fiehler
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Vitor M Pereira
- Medical Imaging, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timo Krings
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jan Gralla
- Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paola Santalucia
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, Piemonte Hospital, Messina, Italy
| | | | - T H Lo
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Interventional Neuroradiology, Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Chen HY, Chen YJ, Wang SF, Lo TH, Liu FT. Galectin-3 enhances avian H5N1 influenza A virus-induced pulmonary inflammation by promoting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The Journal of Immunology 2018. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.60.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Virus-induced excessive inflammatory response contributes to severe disease and high mortality rates. Galectin-3, a β-galactoside-binding protein widely distributed in immune and epithelial cells, regulates various immune functions and modulates microbial infections. Here we describe galectin-3 upregulation in mouse lung tissue following challenges with the H5N1 influenza virus. We investigated the effects of endogenous galectin-3 on H5N1 infection and found that survival of galectin-3 knockout (Gal-3KO) mice was comparable to Wild-type (WT) mice following infections. Compared to infected WT mice, infected Gal-3KO mice exhibited less inflammation in the lungs and reduced interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. We also found that bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) from Gal-3KO mice exhibited reduced oligomerization of apoptosis-associated speck-like proteins containing caspase-associated recruitment domains (ASC), and secreted less IL-1β compared to BMMs from WT mice. However, we observed similar levels of the inflammasome component of nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) in two genotypes of BMMs. Co-immunoprecipitation data indicate galectin-3 and NLRP3 interaction in BMMs infected with H5N1. We also observed an association between galectin-3 and NLRP3-ASC complex. Our results indicate that galectin-3 promotes host inflammatory responses and regulates IL-1β production by macrophages via interaction with NLRP3. It suggests that endogenous galectin-3 enhances the effects of H5N1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Yuan Chen
- 1Institute of BioMedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jung Chen
- 1Institute of BioMedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fan Wang
- 2Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Han Lo
- 3Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- 4Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica
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Weng IC, Chen HL, Lo TH, Lin WH, Chen HY, Hsu DK, Liu FT. Cytosolic galectin-3 and -8 regulate antibacterial autophagy through differential recognition of host glycans on damaged phagosomes. Glycobiology 2018; 28:392-405. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- I-Chun Weng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Lin Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Han Lo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Han Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Yuan Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Daniel K Hsu
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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6
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Chen YJ, Wang SF, Weng IC, Hong MH, Lo TH, Jan JT, Hsu LC, Chen HY, Liu FT. Galectin-3 Enhances Avian H5N1 Influenza A Virus-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation by Promoting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Am J Pathol 2018; 188:1031-1042. [PMID: 29366678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N1 virus causes pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome in humans. Virus-induced excessive inflammatory response contributes to severe disease and high mortality rates. Galectin-3, a β-galactoside-binding protein widely distributed in immune and epithelial cells, regulates various immune functions and modulates microbial infections. Here, we describe galectin-3 up-regulation in mouse lung tissue after challenges with the H5N1 influenza virus. We investigated the effects of endogenous galectin-3 on H5N1 infection and found that survival of galectin-3 knockout (Gal-3KO) mice was comparable with wild-type (WT) mice after infections. Compared with infected WT mice, infected Gal-3KO mice exhibited less inflammation in the lungs and reduced IL-1β levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In addition, the bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) from Gal-3KO mice exhibited reduced oligomerization of apoptosis-associated speck-like proteins containing caspase-associated recruitment domains and secreted less IL-1β compared with BMMs from WT mice. However, similar levels of the inflammasome component of nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) were observed in two genotypes of BMMs. Co-immunoprecipitation data indicated galectin-3 and NLRP3 interaction in BMMs infected with H5N1. An association was also observed between galectin-3 and NLRP3/apoptosis-associated speck-like proteins containing caspase-associated recruitment domain complex. Combined, our results suggest that endogenous galectin-3 enhances the effects of H5N1 infection by promoting host inflammatory responses and regulating IL-1β production by macrophages via interaction with NLRP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jung Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fan Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Chun Weng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsiang Hong
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Han Lo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chung Hsu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Yuan Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Lo TH, Tseng KY, Tsao WS, Yang CY, Hsieh SL, Chiu AWH, Takai T, Mak TW, Tarng DC, Chen NJ. TREM-1 regulates macrophage polarization in ureteral obstruction. Kidney Int 2014; 86:1174-86. [PMID: 24918157 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2014.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an emerging worldwide public health problem. Inflammatory cell infiltration and activation during the early stages in injured kidneys is a common pathologic feature of CKD. Here, we determined whether an important inflammatory regulator, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-1, is upregulated in renal tissues collected from mouse ureteral obstruction-induced nephritis. TREM-1 is crucial for modulating macrophage polarization, and has a pivotal role in mediating tubular injury and interstitial collagen deposition in obstructive nephritis. Lysates from nephritic kidneys triggered a TREM-1-dependent M1 polarization ex vivo, consistent with the observation that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-derived M1 macrophages express higher levels of TREM-1 in comparison with M-CSF-derived cells. Moreover, agonistic TREM-1 cross-link significantly strengthens the inductions of iNOS and GM-CSF in M1 cells. These observations are validated by a strong clinical correlation between infiltrating TREM-1-expressing/iNOS-positive macrophages and renal injury in human obstructive nephropathy. Thus, TREM-1 may be a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target in human kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Han Lo
- Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Kai-Yu Tseng
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Wen-Shan Tsao
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Chih-Ya Yang
- 1] Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC) [2] Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Shie-Liang Hsieh
- 1] Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC) [2] Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC) [3] Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC) [4] Inflammation and Immunity Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC) [5] Immunology Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC) [6] Institute for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Allen Wen-Hsiang Chiu
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Toshiyuki Takai
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tak W Mak
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Der-Cherng Tarng
- 1] Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC) [2] Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC) [3] Inflammation and Immunity Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC) [4] Immunology Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC) [5] Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Nien-Jung Chen
- 1] Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC) [2] Inflammation and Immunity Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC)
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Tseng SP, Teng LJ, Chen CT, Lo TH, Hung WC, Chen HJ, Hsueh PR, Tsai JC. Toluidine blue O photodynamic inactivation on multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Lasers Surg Med 2009; 41:391-7. [PMID: 19533759 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is becoming a critical problem worldwide. Currently, only limited therapeutic options are available for the treatment of infections caused by MDR P. aeruginosa, therefore, the development of new alternative treatments is needed. Toluidine blue O (TBO) is an effective antibacterial photosensitizing agent against various bacteria. However, reports on antibacterial photosensitization of MDR bacteria are limited. This study aims to determine the in vitro photobactericidal activity of TBO against MDR P. aeruginosa. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS The efficacy of antibacterial photodynamic inactivation, DNA fragmentation and protein carbonylation of three MDR P. aeruginosa strains and one susceptible strain was compared using TBO as the photosensitizer followed by red light irradiation (630 nm, 90 J/cm(2)) from a light-emitting diode light source. Subsequently, the efficacy of TBO photodynamic inactivation (TBO-PDI) on 60 MDR strains, including 11 with the efflux pump phenotype and 49 with no pump activity, was tested using the minimum lethal drug concentration (MLC) assay. RESULTS TBO-PDI caused similar bactericidal effect (6-7 logs of killing effect), DNA fragmentation and protein carbonylation in three MDR and one susceptible P. aeruginosa strains. Although the TBO accumulation assay indicated that TBO is a substrate for the efflux pump, TBO-PDI produce similar photobactericidal activity against 60 MDR P. aeruginosa strains, either with or without efflux-pump phenotype, and 19 susceptible strains. CONCLUSION MDR did not affect the susceptibility of P. aeruginosa strains to TBO-PDI. The efflux pump played an insignificant role in TBO-PDI of MDR P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Tseng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Compter A, van der Worp HB, Schonewille WJ, Vos JA, Algra A, Lo TH, Mali WPTM, Moll FL, Kappelle LJ. VAST: Vertebral Artery Stenting Trial. Protocol for a randomised safety and feasibility trial. Trials 2008; 9:65. [PMID: 19025615 PMCID: PMC2611963 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-9-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Accepted: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Twenty to 30 percent of all transient ischaemic attacks and ischaemic strokes involve tissue supplied by the vertebrobasilar circulation. Atherosclerotic stenosis ≥ 50% in the vertebral artery accounts for vertebrobasilar stroke in at least one third of the patients. The risk of recurrent vascular events in patients with vertebral stenosis is uncertain and revascularisation of vertebral stenosis is rarely performed. Observational studies have suggested that the risk of subsequent stroke or death in patients with vertebrobasilar ischaemic events is comparable with that in patients with carotid territory events. Treatment of vertebral stenosis by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty has been introduced as an attractive treatment option. The safety and benefit of stenting of symptomatic vertebral stenosis as compared with best medical therapy alone remains to be elucidated in a randomised clinical trial. Study objectives The primary aim of the Vertebral Artery Stenting Trial (VAST) is to assess whether stenting for symptomatic vertebral artery stenosis ≥ 50% is feasible and safe. A secondary aim is to assess the rate of new vascular events in the territory of the vertebrobasilar arteries in patients with symptomatic vertebral stenosis ≥ 50% on best medical therapy with or without stenting. Design This is a randomised, open clinical trial, comparing best medical treatment with or without vertebral artery stenting in patients with recently symptomatic vertebral artery stenosis ≥ 50%. The trial will include a total of 180 patients with transient ischaemic attack or non-disabling ischaemic stroke attributed to vertebral artery stenosis ≥ 50%. The primary outcome is any stroke, vascular death, or non-fatal myocardial infarction within 30 days after start of treatment. Secondary outcome measures include any stroke or vascular death during follow-up and the degree of (re)stenosis after one year. Discussion Improvements both in imaging of the vertebral artery and in endovascular techniques have created new opportunities for the treatment of symptomatic vertebral artery stenosis. This trial will assess the feasibility and safety of stenting for symptomatic vertebral artery stenosis and will provide sufficient data to inform a conclusive randomised trial testing the benefit of this treatment strategy. The VAST is supported by the Netherlands Heart Foundation (2007B045; ISRCTN29597900).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Compter
- Department of Neurology, Rudolf Magnus Institute for Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Utrecht, HP G 03,228, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Waaijer A, Lo TH, Kappelle LJ, Moll F, Mali WPTM. [Possible treatments for patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2005; 149:1261-6. [PMID: 15960131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The classical treatment for severe and symptomatic stenosis of the internal carotid is carotid endarterectomy. An endarterectomy within two weeks after the initial symptoms of a TIA or CVA decreases the chances of new ischaemic symptoms. However, there is now an alternative for this operation, namely the placement of an endovascular stent. Although this method offers some advantages, there are still insufficient prospective randomised trials to prove that this technique is just as suitable as the classical method. Various studies are now in progress to evaluate the short- and longterm results of endovascular treatment in comparison with endarterectomy. For the time being, therefore, stent placement should only be done in the context of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Waaijer
- Afd. Radiologie, Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht.
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Abstract
A 9-year-old girl presented with an acute right-sided hemiparesis. Initially, the clinical presentation and stable vasculopathic abnormalities on MR and conventional angiography were suspicious of a so-called "transient cerebral arteriopathy". Mild but persistent pleocytosis and an elevated CSF IgG index led to an extensive search for infectious and immunological causes of cerebral vasculitis, eventually revealing neuroborreliosis. Although rare, infectious and potentially treatable causes of arterial ischemic stroke should be considered in every child with a documented cerebral arteriopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G P J Cox
- Department of Child Neurology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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12
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Rutgers DR, de Kort GAP, Lo TH, Kappelle LJ. Vertebral angioplasty for treatment of transient monocular blindness. J Neurol 2003; 250:501-2. [PMID: 12760389 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-003-1015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
AIMS To investigate if the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein and the deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) protein expression can be demonstrated by an immuno-histochemical method and to study the role of APC and DCC gene inactivation in the development and progression of breast cancer using colorectal cancer as a control model. METHODS AND RESULTS The reduced or loss of protein expression of the APC and DCC genes was studied in 27 surgical specimens of primary breast cancer using an immunohistochemical method. Reduced or lost expression was identified in 11 out of 27 samples (40.7%) for the APC gene and 15 out of 27 samples (55.6%) for the DCC gene. No statistically significant difference was observed between the reduced or lost protein expression and the histological grading of breast tumour for both the APC and the DCC gene. CONCLUSIONS Both gene proteins can be demonstrated by the immunohistochemical method. Reduced or loss of APC and DCC gene product were observed in 40.7% and 55.6% cases of primary breast cancer respectively. Further work is required to investigate the significance of the finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Ho
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Tuen Mun Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong.
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14
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Kuo YC, Lee PH, Lo TH. Melanosis duodeni: a case report. Endoscopy 1999; 31:S51. [PMID: 10494704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y C Kuo
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Li-Shin Hospital, Tau-Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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15
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Lin BC, Chen RJ, Fang JF, Lo TH, Kuo TT. Duplication of the vermiform appendix. Eur J Surg 1996; 162:589-91. [PMID: 8874171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B C Lin
- Division of Trauma & Emergency Surgery, Chang Gung Medical College, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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16
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Abstract
We present a 39-year-old man with tumour of the eighth thoracic vertebra, causing compression of the spinal cord. The tumour proved to be a primary leiomyosarcoma (LMS) of bone, an uncommon neoplasm; to our knowledge this is the first report of primary LMS in the spine. The lesion was documented by plain radiography, myelography, CT, MRI and digital subtraction angiography. These investigations did help to focus on the differential diagnosis and demonstrated the extent of the bony lesion, the findings were nonspecific, and the correct diagnosis was established by pathological examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Lo
- Department of Radiology, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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17
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Wu CS, Chang KY, Dunn P, Lo TH. Acute hepatitis A with coexistent hepatitis C virus infection presenting as a virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome: a case report. Am J Gastroenterol 1995; 90:1002-5. [PMID: 7771394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A 23-yr-old male with acute hepatitis A and coexistent hepatitis C became critically ill 3 wk after the onset of fever and jaundice with progressive anemia, thrombocytopenia, and hepatosplenomegaly. Bone marrow biopsy revealed hemophagocytosis. Despite aggressive supportive treatment with parenteral steroids, the patient died of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy with gastrointestinal bleeding. Necropsy of the liver showed histiocyte aggregation in the portal area with hemophagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Wu
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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18
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Chao CF, Shih C, Wang TM, Lo TH. Effects of prostaglandin E2 on alveolar bone resorption during orthodontic tooth movement. Acta Anat (Basel) 1988; 132:304-9. [PMID: 3195313 DOI: 10.1159/000146592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 280-300 g were divided into two groups of ten animals each. They were treated by daily submucosal injections of 50 micrograms prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) per kilogram body weight into the region below the apex of the left first maxillary molar (experimental), or vehicle into the region below the apex of the right first molar (control), for a period of 5 days. The animals of the first group were sacrificed immediately following the treatment period, while those of the second group were sacrificed 5 days after the treatment period. Twenty-two hours prior to sacrifice, a piece of latex orthodontic elastic was secured to the adjacent area between the first and second maxillary molars of both sides of each rat by using two mosquito hemostats. The periodontal ligament (PDL) mesial to the mesiobuccal root of the first maxillary molar was assayed for changes in PDL cell factors. The results showed that immediately following the 5-day treatment period the left PDL had a significant decrease in the total number of fibroblasts and a significant increase in the total number of both osteoclasts and nuclei per osteoclast, while no significant changes in the osteoblasts when compared with those of the right control PDL. The left PDL of animals which were sacrificed 5 days after the treatment period revealed a significant decrease in the number of total fibroblasts and only a slight decrease in both numbers of total osteoclasts and total nuclei per osteoclast, but again no significant changes in osteoblasts when compared with those of the right control PDL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Chao
- School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Republic of China
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