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Maurer C, Holmstrom SR, He J, Laise P, Su T, Ahmed A, Hibshoosh H, Chabot JA, Oberstein PE, Sepulveda AR, Genkinger JM, Zhang J, Iuga AC, Bansal M, Califano A, Olive KP. Experimental microdissection enables functional harmonisation of pancreatic cancer subtypes. Gut 2019; 68:1034-1043. [PMID: 30658994 PMCID: PMC6509007 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) has among the highest stromal fractions of any cancer and this has complicated attempts at expression-based molecular classification. The goal of this work is to profile purified samples of human PDA epithelium and stroma and examine their respective contributions to gene expression in bulk PDA samples. DESIGN We used laser capture microdissection (LCM) and RNA sequencing to profile the expression of 60 matched pairs of human PDA malignant epithelium and stroma samples. We then used these data to train a computational model that allowed us to infer tissue composition and generate virtual compartment-specific expression profiles from bulk gene expression cohorts. RESULTS Our analysis found significant variation in the tissue composition of pancreatic tumours from different public cohorts. Computational removal of stromal gene expression resulted in the reclassification of some tumours, reconciling functional differences between different cohorts. Furthermore, we established a novel classification signature from a total of 110 purified human PDA stroma samples, finding two groups that differ in the extracellular matrix-associated and immune-associated processes. Lastly, a systematic evaluation of cross-compartment subtypes spanning four patient cohorts indicated partial dependence between epithelial and stromal molecular subtypes. CONCLUSION Our findings add clarity to the nature and number of molecular subtypes in PDA, expand our understanding of global transcriptional programmes in the stroma and harmonise the results of molecular subtyping efforts across independent cohorts.
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Comparative Study |
6 |
144 |
2
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Endres CJ, Kolachana BS, Saunders RC, Su T, Weinberger D, Breier A, Eckelman WC, Carson RE. Kinetic modeling of [11C]raclopride: combined PET-microdialysis studies. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1997; 17:932-42. [PMID: 9307606 DOI: 10.1097/00004647-199709000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The in vivo binding of D2 receptor ligands can be affected by agents that alter the concentration of endogenous dopamine. To define a more explicit relation between dopamine and D2 receptor binding, the conventional compartment model for reversible ligands has been extended to account for a time-varying dopamine pulse. This model was tested with [11C]raclopride positron emission tomography and dopamine microdialysis data that were acquired simultaneously in rhesus monkeys. The microdialysis data were incorporated into the model assuming a proportional relation to synaptic dopamine. Positron emission tomography studies used a bolus-plus-infusion tracer delivery with amphetamine given at 40 minutes to induce dopamine release. The extended model described the entire striatal time-activity curve, including the decrease in radioactivity concentration after an amphetamine-induced dopamine pulse. Based on these results, simulation studies were performed using the extended model. The simulation studies showed that the percent decrease in specific binding after amphetamine measured with the bolus-plus-infusion protocol correlates well with the integral of the postamphetamine dopamine pulse. This suggests that changes in specific binding observed in studies in humans can be interpreted as being linearly proportional to the integral of the amphetamine-induced dopamine pulse.
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135 |
3
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Yu JS, Koujak S, Nagase S, Li CM, Su T, Wang X, Keniry M, Memeo L, Rojtman A, Mansukhani M, Hibshoosh H, Tycko B, Parsons R. PCDH8, the human homolog of PAPC, is a candidate tumor suppressor of breast cancer. Oncogene 2008; 27:4657-65. [PMID: 18408767 PMCID: PMC3013056 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Revised: 02/12/2008] [Accepted: 03/01/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoma is an altered state of tissue differentiation in which epithelial cells no longer respond to cues that keep them in their proper position. A break down in these cues has disastrous consequences not only in cancer but also in embryonic development when cells of various lineages must organize into discrete entities to form a body plan. Paraxial protocadherin (PAPC) is an adhesion protein with six cadherin repeats that organizes the formation and polarity of developing cellular structures in frog, fish and mouse embryos. Here we show that protocadherin-8 (PCDH8), the human ortholog of PAPC, is inactivated through either mutation or epigenetic silencing in a high fraction of breast carcinomas. Loss of PCDH8 expression is associated with loss of heterozygosity, partial promoter methylation, and increased proliferation. Complementation of mutant tumor cell line HCC2218 with wild-type PCDH8 inhibited its growth. Two tumor mutants, E146K and R343H, were defective for inhibition of cell growth and migration. Surprisingly, the E146K mutant transformed the human mammary epithelial cell line MCF10A and sustained the expression of cyclin D1 and MYC without epidermal growth factor. We propose that loss of PCDH8 promotes oncogenesis in epithelial human cancers by disrupting cell-cell communication dedicated to tissue organization and repression of mitogenic signaling.
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural |
17 |
118 |
4
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Chien K, Cai T, Hsu H, Su T, Chang W, Chen M, Lee Y, Hu FB. A prediction model for type 2 diabetes risk among Chinese people. Diabetologia 2009; 52:443-50. [PMID: 19057891 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-008-1232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2008] [Accepted: 11/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS A range of prediction rules for the onset of type 2 diabetes have been proposed. However, most studies have been conducted in white groups and it is not clear whether these models apply to Asian populations. The purpose of this study was to construct a simple points model for predicting incident diabetes among Chinese people. METHODS We estimated the 10 year risk of diabetes in a cohort study of middle-aged and elderly participants who were free from diabetes at baseline. Cox regression coefficients were used to construct the simple points model and the discriminatory ability of the resulting prediction rule was determined using AUC and net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement statistics. Fivefold random splitting was used to test the internal validity and obtain bootstrap estimates of the AUC. RESULTS Of the 2,960 participants without diabetes at the baseline examination, 548 developed type 2 diabetes during a median 10 year follow-up period. Age (four points), elevated fasting glucose (11 points), body mass index (eight points), triacylglycerol (five points), white blood cell count (four points) and a higher HDL-cholesterol (negative four points) were found to strongly predict diabetes incidence in a multivariate model. The estimated AUC for the model was 0.702 (95% CI 0.676-0.727). This model performed better than existing prediction models developed in other populations, including the Prospective Cardiovascular Münster, Cambridge, San Antonia and Framingham models for diabetes risk. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We have constructed a model for predicting the 10 year incidence of diabetes in Chinese people that could be useful for identifying individuals at high risk of diabetes in the Chinese population.
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Su TH, Wang KG, Hsu CY, Wei HJ, Hong BK. Prospective comparison of laparoscopic and traditional colposuspensions in the treatment of genuine stress incontinence. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1997; 76:576-82. [PMID: 9246967 DOI: 10.3109/00016349709024588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare prospectively the results of laparoscopic and traditional colposuspensions in the treatment of genuine stress incontinence and to evaluate the efficacy, technique, and functional and anatomical changes after these two procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-two patients with urodynamically proven genuine stress incontinence participated in this study, with 46 patients randomly allocated to laparoscopic colposuspension, and the other 46 patients to the traditional procedures. All patients had repeat studies at least 3 months after operation. RESULTS The bladder neck position was significantly elevated after operation either at rest or during straining in both groups (all p < 0.001), but it was higher in the traditional group than the laparoscopy group during straining (p < 0.05). Comparison of urodynamics before and after operation in both groups showed significantly increased minimal urethral resistance and improved pressure transmission ratios at the proximal urethra (Q2). The blood loss was less in the laparoscopy group. The duration of bladder drainage after laparoscopic colposuspension was shorter, and was not affected by subsequent laparotomy. The operative time was almost the same. The success rate of the laparoscopy group was lower than that of the traditional group (80.4% vs. 95.6%, p = 0.044). The complication rates were 10.8% and 17.4% respectively. CONCLUSION Laparoscopic colposuspension is an effective method for the treatment of GSI, as documented by anatomical and functional assessments. However, the success rate is still lower than for the traditional procedure.
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Clinical Trial |
28 |
95 |
6
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Xu LX, He MH, Dai ZH, Yu J, Wang JG, Li XC, Jiang BB, Ke ZF, Su TH, Peng ZW, Guo Y, Chen ZB, Chen SL, Peng S, Kuang M. Genomic and transcriptional heterogeneity of multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2019; 30:990-997. [PMID: 30916311 PMCID: PMC6594462 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often presents with multiple nodules within the liver, with limited effective interventions. The high genetic heterogeneity of HCC might be the major cause of treatment failure. We aimed to characterize genomic heterogeneity, infer clonal evolution, investigate RNA expression pattern and explore tumour immune microenvironment profile of multifocal HCC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing were carried out in 34 tumours and 6 adjacent normal liver tissue samples from 6 multifocal HCC patients. Protein expression of Ki67, AFP, P53, Survivin and CD8 was detected by immunohistochemistry. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was carried out to validate the amplification status of sorafenib-targeted genes. RESULTS We deciphered genomic and transcriptional heterogeneity among tumours in each multifocal HCC patient including mutational profiles, copy number alterations, tumour evolutionary trajectory and tumour immune microenvironment profiles. Of note, sorafenib-targeted alterations were identified in the trunk of phylogenetic tree in only one out of the six patients, which may explain the relative low treatment response rate to sorafenib in clinical practice. Moreover, we demonstrated RNA expression patterns and tumour immune microenvironment profiles of all nodules. We found that RNA expression pattern was associated with Edmondson-Steiner grading. Based on the differential expression of 66 reported immune markers, unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis of 34 nodules identified immune subsets: one low expression cluster with seven nodules and one high expression cluster with 11 nodules. CD8+ T cells were more enriched in nodules of the high expression cluster. CONCLUSIONS Our study provided a detailed view of genomic and transcriptional heterogeneity, clonal evolution and immune infiltration of multifocal HCC. The heterogeneity of druggable targets and immune landscape might help interpret the clinical responsiveness to targeted drugs and immunotherapy for multifocal HCC patients.
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural |
6 |
93 |
7
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Huang H, Tudor M, Su T, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Ma H. DNA binding properties of two Arabidopsis MADS domain proteins: binding consensus and dimer formation. THE PLANT CELL 1996; 8:81-94. [PMID: 8597661 PMCID: PMC161083 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.8.1.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
MADS domain proteins are members of a highly conserved family found in all eukaryotes. Genetic studies clearly indicate that many plant MADS domain proteins have different regulatory functions in flower development, yet they share a highly conserved DNA binding domain and can bind to very similar sequences. How, then, can these MADS box genes confer their specific functions? Here, we describe results from DNA binding studies of AGL1 and AGL2 (for AGAMOUS-like), two Arabidopsis MADS domain proteins that are preferentially expressed in flowers. We demonstrate that both proteins are sequence-specific DNA binding proteins and show that each binding consensus has distinct features, suggestion a mechanism for specificity. In addition, we show that the proteins with more similar amino acid sequences have more similar binding sequences. We also found that AGL2 binds to DNA in vitro as a dimer and determined the region of AGL2 that is sufficient for DNA binding and dimerization. Finally, we show that several plant MADS domain proteins can bind to DNA either as homodimers or as heterodimers, suggesting that the number of different regulators could be much greater than the number of MADS box genes.
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Comparative Study |
29 |
88 |
8
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Lee Y, Lin RS, Sung FC, Yang C, Chien K, Chen W, Su T, Hsu H, Huang Y. Chin-Shan Community Cardiovascular Cohort in Taiwan-baseline data and five-year follow-up morbidity and mortality. J Clin Epidemiol 2000; 53:838-46. [PMID: 10942867 DOI: 10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00198-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A cohort consisting of 3602 residents (82.8% of the target population) aged 35 years and older was established in 1990 in the Chin-Shan Community, a suburb 20 miles outside of metropolitan Taipei, Taiwan. The long-term objective was to investigate the prospective impact on cardiovascular health in a society undergoing transition from a developing to a developed nation. This article presents the study design, selected baseline risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and CVD events at the 5-year follow-up evaluation with an emphasis on sociodemographic differences. The multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that white-collar individuals were more likely than blue-collar workers to have dyslipidemia including high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels <35 mg/dl [odds ratio (OR) = 1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.2-2.4] and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels >/=160 mg/dl (OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.0-1.7). However, they were at slightly lower risk for stroke and CVD/sudden death, and at moderately higher risk for coronary artery disease and diabetes, although both these trends were not significant. Men were more likely than women to have HDL-C levels <35 mg/dl (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.4-2.2), but they were less likely to have LDL-C levels >/=160 mg/dl (OR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.6-0.8). The risk of CVD/sudden death was higher for men than for women during the follow-up period (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.3-2.9). This could be due to risk factors such as a much higher prevalence of tobacco (61.9% vs. 4.5%) and alcohol (43.7% vs. 6.4%) use in men. In conclusion, individuals of higher socioeconomic status have a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia but slightly lower 5-year incidence of CVD events.
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25 |
87 |
9
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Li H, Zhang Y, Su T, Santella RM, Weinstein IB. Hint1 is a haplo-insufficient tumor suppressor in mice. Oncogene 2006; 25:713-21. [PMID: 16186798 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The HINT1 protein, a member of the histidine triad (HIT) family, is highly conserved in diverse species and ubiquitously expressed in mammalian tissues. However, its precise function in mammalian cells is not known. As a result of its structural similarity to the tumor-suppressor protein FHIT, we used homozygous-deleted Hint1 mice to study its role in tumorigenesis. We discovered that after 2 to 3 years of age the spontaneous tumor incidence in Hint1 -/- mice was significantly greater than that in wild-type Hint1 +/+ mice (P < 0.05). Using a well-established mouse model of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary carcinogenesis we found a marked and significant (P < 0.05) increase in the incidence of mammary and ovarian tumors in both, Hint1 -/- and +/- mice versus +/+ mice. The Hint1 -/- and +/- mice had similar tumor incidence and similar tumor histologies. Therefore, deletion of Hint1 in mice enhances both spontaneous tumor development and susceptibility to tumor induction by DMBA. In addition, since the Hint1 +/- tumors retained expression of the unmutated wild-type allele, Hint1 is haplo-insufficient with respect to tumor suppression in this model system.
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
19 |
87 |
10
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Wang ZL, Hao J, Chan HLW, Law GL, Wong WT, Wong KL, Murphy MB, Su T, Zhang ZH, Zeng SQ. Simultaneous synthesis and functionalization of water-soluble up-conversion nanoparticles for in-vitro cell and nude mouse imaging. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:2175-2181. [PMID: 21437348 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr10090d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Water-solubility and biocompatibility are prerequisites for rare-earth up-converting nanophosphors applied to biological imaging. In this work, we have developed a facile and one-step synthesis technique, through which water-soluble NaYF(4): Yb(3+), Er(3+) nanoparticles (NPs) with functional groups including 3-mercaptopropionic acid, 6-aminocaproic acid and poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether on their surface can be directly prepared without any further surface treatment. Some inorganic salts will be selected as starting materials, water and some low toxic organic agents have been used as reaction media, which differs from earlier works. Structural and up-converting fluorescence are characterized by a variety of techniques. Cell uptake and in-vitro imaging of the as-synthesized NPs have been investigated using a multiphoton con-focal laser scanning microscope with a near-infrared excitation source. Internalization of the bare and functionalized NPs in human lung carcinoma A549 and human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells are studied at a nanoparticle loading of 10 µg mL(-1) over an exposure period from 30 min to 24 h. The cytotoxicity of modified NPs in HeLa cells is found to be low. In addition, the feasibility of the NPs in animal imaging has been demonstrated by subcutaneously injecting these NPs into nude mouse. The results indicated that our directly synthesized NPs coated with various functional groups are promising as bio-imaging agents due to their easy uptake, long lasting, low cytotoxicity, emissive in various human carcinoma cell lines and small animals through up-conversion with near-infrared excitation.
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65 |
11
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Wang KG, Chen TC, Wang TY, Yang YC, Su TH. Accuracy of frozen section diagnosis in gynecology. Gynecol Oncol 1998; 70:105-10. [PMID: 9698484 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.1998.5057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the accuracy of frozen section diagnosis in gynecological surgery. METHODS We compared the results of 792 consecutive gynecological frozen section diagnoses with their final diagnoses from January 1991 to June 1996. Slides for which the frozen section diagnosis was uncertain or incompatible with the final diagnosis were reviewed by an attending pathologist to determine the possible causes. RESULTS A total of 299 ovarian, 390 lymph node, 56 uterine lesions, and 77 other tissue samples were obtained. The frozen section diagnosis was compatible with the final diagnosis in 97.5% of cases. The sensitivity for nonbenign lesions was 90.9%, and the specificity was 99.5%. There were no false positives or overestimated cases; 1.3% of cases were falsely negative, 0.4% underestimated the degree of malignancy, and 0.9% were uncertain. Possible causes for incompatible or uncertain frozen section diagnoses were analyzed. The accuracy of frozen section diagnoses for ovarian, lymph node, uterine, and other tissues was also evaluated. Frozen section was found to identify correctly 13 of 17 ovarian malignancies metastaic from other organs, 14 of 15 germ cell malignancies, and 3 of 4 dysgerminomas. The low sensitivity in ovarian borderline malignancy was due to the even lower sensitivity in its mucinous subgroup. The relationship between section numbers and accuracy of frozen section diagnosis in mucinous ovarian tumors was assessed. CONCLUSIONS Frozen section diagnosis in gynecology is sufficiently accurate for clinical use, with a low false negative rate and an even lower false positive rate. Most incompatible frozen section diagnoses occurred in ovarian lesions, especially in mucinous ovarian tumors. Performing multiple sections (at least one section for every 10 cm in diameter) is recommended in the frozen section diagnosis of mucinous ovarian tumors.
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Comparative Study |
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56 |
12
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Gu J, Su T, Chen Y, Zhang QY, Ding X. Expression of biotransformation enzymes in human fetal olfactory mucosa: potential roles in developmental toxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2000; 165:158-62. [PMID: 10828211 DOI: 10.1006/taap.2000.8923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
High levels of cytochrome P450 are present in the olfactory mucosa (OM) in mammalian animals and contribute to the known tissue-selective toxicity of numerous chemical compounds. Olfactory toxicity in the perinatal period may have a greater impact on behavior, growth, and development than in adults. To establish a molecular basis for determining the risk of developmental toxicity in OM, the expression of several cytochrome P450 enzymes, as well as NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase and microsomal epoxide hydrolase, was examined in hepatic and nasal microsomes prepared from human fetal tissues at gestational day 91-125. The relative microsomal concentrations of these biotransformation enzymes were determined on immunoblots. Expression of CYP2A, CYP2J2, the reductase, and epoxide hydrolase was detected in both OM and liver. The microsomal levels of these enzymes were generally lower in OM than in liver of the same fetuses, except for the CYP2A-related proteins, which were expressed in OM at much higher levels. OM expression of CYP2A6, CYP2A13, CYP2B6, and CYP2J2 mRNAs was detected using RNA-PCR. These results document, for the first time, prenatal expression of xenobiotic-bioactivating cytochrome P450 enzymes in human OM and suggest that the human fetal OM may be a preferred target tissue for the toxicity of maternally derived chemical compounds that are activated by the CYP2A enzymes.
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Aguilar MM, Battistella FD, Owings JT, Su T. Posttraumatic empyema. Risk factor analysis. ARCHIVES OF SURGERY (CHICAGO, ILL. : 1960) 1997; 132:647-50; discussion 650-1. [PMID: 9197858 DOI: 10.1001/archsurg.1997.01430300089018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empyema remains a distressing complication after thoracic injury. OBJECTIVE To identify high-risk factors associated with the development of empyema. DESIGN Retrospective cohort review. SETTING University hospital, level I trauma center. PATIENTS Trauma patients who required tube thoracostomy (TT) between January 1, 1991, and November 31, 1993 (n = 584). METHODS Data (demographic characteristics, injuries, chest x-ray film reports, and setting of TT) were assessed using a stepwise logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors associated with the development of post-traumatic empyema. RESULTS Empyema that required decortication developed in 25 patients (4%). Factors predictive of development of empyema were retained hemothorax (odds ratio, 12.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.96-163), pulmonary contusion (odds ratio, 6.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.53-25.8), and multiple chest tube placement (odds ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.91-3.28); factors not predictive of empyema were severity of injury, mechanism of injury, setting in which TT was performed, number of days chest tubes were in place, and antibiotic drugs at the time of TT. CONCLUSIONS The extent of pulmonary injury (pulmonary contusion) is an important predictor of empyema development. Previously implicated factors such as setting in which a TT was performed and mechanism of injury did not correlate with the development of posttraumatic empyema. Based on the results of our study, we recommend early drainage of the pleural space with video-assisted thoracoscopic techniques in patients at risk of empyema, which may spare them the morbidity of a thoracotomy.
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14
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Kuo YM, Su T, Chen H, Attieh Z, Syed BA, McKie AT, Anderson GJ, Gitschier J, Vulpe CD. Mislocalisation of hephaestin, a multicopper ferroxidase involved in basolateral intestinal iron transport, in the sex linked anaemia mouse. Gut 2004; 53:201-6. [PMID: 14724150 PMCID: PMC1774920 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2003.019026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hephaestin is a multicopper ferroxidase required for basolateral transport of iron from enterocytes. Sex linked anaemia (sla) mice have a defect in the release of iron from intestinal enterocytes into the circulation due to an interstitial deletion in the hephaestin gene (heph). RESULTS We have demonstrated that hephaestin is primarily localised to a supranuclear compartment in both intestinal enterocytes and in cultured cells. In normal intestinal enterocytes, hephaestin was also present on the basolateral surface. In sla mice, hephaestin was present only in the supranuclear compartment. In contrast, the iron permease Ireg1 localised to the basolateral membrane in both control and sla mice. CONCLUSION We suggest that mislocalisation of hephaestin likely contributes to the functional defect in sla intestinal epithelium.
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research-article |
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43 |
15
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Gillies MC, Su T. Interferon-alpha 2b enhances barrier function of bovine retinal microvascular endothelium in vitro. Microvasc Res 1995; 49:277-88. [PMID: 7643749 DOI: 10.1006/mvre.1995.1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Increased permeability of the vascular endothelium is a critical part of pathological processes such as inflammation and wound healing. While several cytokines have been shown to increase endothelial permeability, none has been shown to reduce it. We studied the effect of interferon-alpha 2b on the barrier function of bovine retinal capillary endothelial cells in vitro and found that it increased the electrical resistance of the monolayers (treated cells 211 +/- 6 ohm.cm2, untreated 109 +/- 14 ohm.cm2), decreased their permeability to inulin (Pc inulin of untreated cells 0.73 +/- 0.21 x 10(-6) cm/sec, treated 0.31 +/- 0.23 x 10(-6) cm/sec, P = 0.015), and enhanced their morphological differentiation. Interferon-gamma had no effect. No effect of interferon-alpha treatment on the permeability of bovine aortic endothelial cells was found. We conclude that interferon-alpha 2b can enhance the barrier function of retinal microvascular endothelium in vitro. This is consistent with the hypothesis that interferon-alpha is an effector of a mechanism which actively promotes tissue homeostasis and suggests that it might have therapeutic potential in diseases characterized by leakage of the vascular endothelium.
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41 |
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Liu XR, Wu M, He N, Meng H, Wen L, Wang JL, Zhang MP, Li WB, Mao X, Qin JM, Li BM, Tang B, Deng YH, Shi YW, Su T, Yi YH, Tang BS, Liao WP. Novel PRRT2 mutations in paroxysmal dyskinesia patients with variant inheritance and phenotypes. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2012. [PMID: 23190448 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Paroxysmal dyskinesias (PDs) are a group of episodic movement disorders with marked variability in clinical manifestation and potential association with epilepsy. PRRT2 has been identified as a causative gene for PDs, but the phenotypes and inheritance patterns of PRRT2 mutations need further clarification. In this study, 10 familial and 21 sporadic cases with PDs and PDs-related phenotypes were collected. Genomic DNA was screened for PRRT2 mutations by direct sequencing. Seven PRRT2 mutations were identified in nine (90.0%) familial cases and in six (28.6%) sporadic cases. Five mutations are novel: two missense mutations (c.647C>G/p.Pro216Arg and c.872C>T/p.Ala291Val) and three truncating mutations (c.117delA/p.Val41TyrfsX49, c.510dupT/p.Leu171SerfsX3 and c.579dupA/p.Glu194ArgfsX6). Autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance was observed in most of the familial cases. In the sporadic cases, inheritance was heterogeneous including recessive inheritance with compound heterozygous mutations, inherited mutations with incomplete parental penetrance and de novo mutation. Variant phenotypes associated with PRRT2 mutations, found in 36.0% of the affected cases, included febrile convulsions, epilepsy, infantile non-convulsive seizures (INCS) and nocturnal convulsions (NC). All patients with INCS or NC, not reported previously, displayed abnormalities on electroencephalogram (EEG). No EEG abnormalities were recorded in patients with classical infantile convulsions and paroxysmal choreoathetosis (ICCA)/paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD). Our study further confirms that PRRT2 mutations are the most common cause of familial PDs, displaying both dominant and recessive inheritance. Epilepsy may occasionally occur in ICCA/PKD patients with PRRT2 mutations. Variant phenotypes INCS or NC differ from classical ICCA/PKD clinically and electroencephalographically. They have some similarities with, but not identical to epilepsy, possibly represent an overlap between ICCA/PKD and epilepsy.
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
13 |
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Wong KL, Wu YR, Cheng KS, Chan P, Cheung CW, Lu DY, Su TH, Liu ZM, Leung YM. Palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity and protection by (+)-catechin in rat cortical astrocytes. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 66:1106-13. [PMID: 25443742 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astrocytes do not only maintain homeostasis of the extracellular milieu of the neurons, but also play an active role in modulating synaptic transmission. Palmitic acid (PA) is a saturated fatty acid which, when being excessive, is a significant risk factor for lipotoxicity. Activation of astrocytes by PA has been shown to cause neuronal inflammation and demyelination. However, direct damage by PA to astrocytes is relatively unexplored. The aim of this study was to identify the mechanism(s) of PA-induced cytotoxicity in rat cortical astrocytes and possible protection by (+)-catechin. METHODS Cytotoxicity and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) markers were assessed by MTT assay and Western blotting, respectively. Cytosolic Ca(2+) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were measured microfluorimetrically using fura-2 and rhodamine 123, respectively. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was assayed by the indicator 2'-7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. RESULTS Exposure of astrocytes to 100μM PA for 24h resulted in apoptotic cell death. Whilst PA-induced cell death appeared to be unrelated to ER stress and perturbation in cytosolic Ca(2+) signaling, it was likely a result of ROS production and subsequent MMP collapse, since ascorbic acid (anti-oxidant, 100μM) prevented PA-induced MMP collapse and cell death. Co-treatment of astrocytes with (+)-catechin (300μM), an anti-oxidant found abundantly in green tea, significantly prevented PA-induced ROS production, MMP collapse and cell death. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that PA-induced cytotoxicity in astrocytes may involve ROS generation and MMP collapse, which can be prevented by (+)-catechin.
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
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Pei L, Zhang J, Zhao F, Su T, Wei H, Tian J, Li M, Shi J. Annexin 1 exerts anti-nociceptive effects after peripheral inflammatory pain through formyl-peptide-receptor-like 1 in rat dorsal root ganglion. Br J Anaesth 2011; 107:948-58. [PMID: 21990306 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aer299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Annexin 1 (ANXA1) has analgesic effects in inflammatory pain. We aimed to investigate the anti-nociceptive role of ANXA1, at the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) level, through an interaction with formyl-peptide-receptor-like 1 (FPR2/ALX). METHODS Inflammatory pain was evoked by injecting complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA, 50 μl) into the hindpaw of male Sprague-Dawley rats. The distribution of ANXA1 and FPR2/ALX in L4/5 DRGs was evaluated by immunofluorescence. The expression of ANXA1 was measured by western blot. The involvement of FPR2/ALX in the anti-nociception of ANXA1 was investigated by thermal (irradiant heat) and mechanical (von Frey filament) pain tests with intrathecal (i.t.) ANXA1-derived peptide (Anxa1(2-26)), FPR2/ALX agonist 5(S)-6(R)-7-trihydroxyheptanoic-acid-methyl-ester (BML-111), and antagonist N-t-Boc-Phe-Leu-Phe-Leu-Phe (Boc1). RESULTS ANXA1 and FPR2/ALX localized in the satellite glial cells and neurones in L4/5 DRGs. CFA treatment (n=20) increased ANXA1 expression in L4/5 DRGs within 7 days (P<0.01). I.T. Anxa1(2-26) (20 and 100 µg µl(-1)) and BML-111 (10 and 100 nmol) reduced CFA-induced thermal and mechanical nociception within 48 h (n=40) (P<0.05). However, i.t. Boc1 10 µg intensified inflammatory pain (P<0.05) and reversed the anti-nociceptive effect of Anxa1(2-26) (n=25) (P<0.05). Moreover, ANXA1 expression increased in L4/5 DRGs after i.t. Anxa1(2-26) (20 µg µl(-1)) (P<0.05) and BML-111 (10 nmol) (P<0.01) but decreased after i.t. Boc1 (10 and 100 µg) alone (P<0.01) or Boc1 (10 µg) co-injection with Anxa1(2-26) (20 µg µl(-1)) (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Endogenous ANXA1 expression at the DRG level is involved in CFA-induced inflammatory pain, and i.t. ANXA1 20 µg µl(-1) produces its anti-nociceptive effect through FPR2/ALX.
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
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Meng Q, Su T, Olivero OA, Poirier MC, Shi X, Ding X, Walker VE. Relationships between DNA incorporation, mutant frequency, and loss of heterozygosity at the TK locus in human lymphoblastoid cells exposed to 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine. Toxicol Sci 2000; 54:322-9. [PMID: 10774814 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/54.2.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT), a thymidine analogue widely used in the treatment of AIDS patients and for prevention of the onset of AIDS in HIV-seropositive individuals, causes tumors in mice exposed as adults or in utero. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential mechanisms of AZT mutagenicity and carcinogenicity by quantifying the incorporation of AZT into cellular DNA, measuring AZT-induced thymidine kinase (TK) mutant frequencies (Mfs), and determining the percentage of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in spontaneous or AZT-induced TK mutants in the human lymphoblastoid cell line, TK6. Cells were exposed to 300 microM AZT for 0, 1, 3, or 6 days, or to 0, 33, 100, 300, or 900 microM AZT for 3 days (n = 5 flasks/group). The effects of exposure concentration on incorporation of AZT into cellular DNA were evaluated by an AZT radioimmunoassay, and the effects of duration and concentration of AZT exposure on the TK Mfs were assessed by a cell-cloning assay. AZT was incorporated into DNA in a dose-related manner at concentrations up to 300 microM, above which no further increase was observed. TK Mf increased with the extended duration and with incremental concentrations of AZT exposure. There was a positive correlation (P = 0.036, coefficient = 0.903) between AZT-DNA incorporation and AZT-induced TK Mfs, suggesting that AZT incorporation into cellular DNA has a direct role in the genotoxicity of AZT. Southern blot analyses indicated that 84% (6.2 x 10(-6)/7.4 x 10(-6)) of AZT-induced mutants were attributable to LOH, consistent with the known mechanism of AZT as a DNA chain terminator. Considering the importance of LOH in human carcinogenesis, AZT-induced LOH warrants further study.
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Feng MR, Turluck D, Burleigh J, Lister R, Fan C, Middlebrook A, Taylor C, Su T. Brain microdialysis and PK/PD correlation of pregabalin in rats. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2001; 26:123-8. [PMID: 11554426 DOI: 10.1007/bf03190385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Pregabalin [PGB, (S)-3-isobutyl GABA, CI-1008] is a derivative of the inhibitory neurotransmitter g-aminobutyric acid (GABA). It has shown anticonvulsant, analgesia and anxiety activity in animal models. In this report, blood-brain barrier (BBB) influx and efflux of PGB were investigated with microdialysis at efficacious doses in rats. BBB influx (CLin) and efflux (CLout) permeability for pregabalin were 4.8 and 37.2 microL/min/g brain, respectively, following an intravenous infusion to rats. The results indicate that PGB is brain penetrable, supporting its anti-epilepsy and other CNS pharmacology. Significant anticonvulsant action of PGB was detected between 2 and 8 hr post oral dose, which is lag behind ECF drug concentrations lees. A PK/PD link model was used to describe the counter-clockwise hysteresis relationship between pregabalin brain ECF concentration and the anticonvulsant effect in rats. The resulting Ce (concentration in effect compartment) versus effect profile exhibits a sigmoidal curve and the calculated ECe50 and Keo values were 95.3 ng/mL and 0.0092 min-1, respectively. The small Keo value suggests that the effect is not directly proportional to the amount of pregabalin in the ECF compartment possibly due to inherent delay.
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Abstract
Pneumocystis carinii (PC) pneumonia is recognized as the leading cause of opportunistic pulmonary infections in immunocompromised hosts during the past decade. Although much remains unknown about pathogenesis and host response in PC, recent years, studies of PC have provided us with an increasing base of knowledge about this organism and its relationship to the host. These studies have led to a better understanding of mechanisms of PC attachment and injury to host cells. New information about the interaction of PC with pulmonary surfactant provides insight about the pathophysiology of PC pneumonia. The interplay of the organism, host inflammatory cells, release of cytokines, generation of toxic metabolites, and involvement of both cellular and humoral immunity is complex, but understanding the pathogenesis of PC pneumonia is necessary in order to develop new therapies for this disorder.
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Review |
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Dass CR, Su T. Particle-mediated intravascular delivery of oligonucleotides to tumors: associated biology and lessons from genotherapy. Drug Deliv 2001; 8:191-213. [PMID: 11757778 DOI: 10.1080/107175401317245886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
For a solid tumor to become life-threatening, an adequate blood supply has to be established. Although neovascularization has dire consequences for the host, it furnishes a common route through which tumors may be accessed and eradicated by drugs. The fact that a tumor's vasculature is relatively more permeable than that of healthy host tissue means selective delivery of drugs may be achieved. The role played by the cells making up the tumor vascular bed, vascular endothelial cells (VECs), has to be evaluated closely in attempts to design ways for enhancing drug delivery to solid tumors via the vasculature. The two major roles of VECs in the body, as barrier and as transport, are both highly pertinent to drug delivery. Our review examines how VECs may be manipulated in vivo to improve the selective delivery of carriers for oligonucleotide constructs to solid tumors. It also discusses how oligonucleotide drugs may be targeted against tumor VECs on the premise that by killing these cells, the tumor itself will perish. Cationic liposomes and microspheres are the major delivery vehicles discussed, with added analyses of such other nucleic acid carriers as nanospheres, dendrimers, and polyethyleneimine.
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Review |
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Gillies MC, Su T, Naidoo D. Electrical resistance and macromolecular permeability of retinal capillary endothelial cells in vitro. Curr Eye Res 1995; 14:435-42. [PMID: 7671624 DOI: 10.3109/02713689509003753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to examine the ability of retinal capillary endothelial cells to retain blood-retinal barrier properties in vitro. Second passage bovine retinal capillary endothelial cells were grown to confluence on polycarbonate filters in two chamber systems coated with laminin, fibronectin and type IV collagen. The electrical resistances, permeability of 3H-insulin and expression of blood-brain barrier related enzymes by retinal cells was observed and compared with bovine aortic endothelial cells and bovine fibroblasts. The electrical resistance of retinal cells rose over the first week of culture, peaking after 5-9 days in culture. In eleven separate experiments (n = 5 for each experiment) the average peak resistance of retinal endothelial cells ranged from 89.3-186.6 with a mean average of 129.0 ohm.cm2. In one of these experiments, the peak electrical resistance of retinal cells was 149.0 +/- 10.3 compared with 34.8 +/- 6.8 for aortic cells and 37.8 +/- 3.8 ohm.cm2 for fibroblasts. The permeability coefficients of inulin were: retinal cells 0.17 +/- 0.09, aortic cells 3.47 +/- 1.58 (p = 0.015), fibroblasts 3.93 +/- 0.78 (p = 0.002) x 10(-6) cm/sec. Retinal cells expressed significantly higher activities of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase than the other cell types. Treatment of the monolayers with the calcium ionophore, A23187, resulted in a reversible increase in permeability as has been described for peripheral vascular endothelium. We conclude that BRCEC retain at least some of their specialised barrier properties in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Maaroufi A, Vince A, Himatt SM, Mohamed R, Fung J, Opare-Sem O, Workneh A, Njouom R, Al Ghazzawi I, Abdulla M, Kaliaskarova KS, Owusu-Ofori S, Abdelmageed MK, Adda D, Akin O, Al Baqali A, Al Dweik N, Al Ejji K, Al Kaabi S, Al Naamani K, Al Qamish J, Al Sadadi M, Al Salman J, AlBadri M, Al-Busafi SA, Al-Romaihi HE, Ampofo W, Antonov K, Anyaike C, Arome F, Bane A, Blach S, Borodo MM, Brandon SM, Bright B, Butt MT, Cardenas I, Chan HLY, Chen CJ, Chen DS, Chen PJ, Chien RN, Chuang WL, Cuellar D, Derbala M, Elbardiny AA, Estes C, Farag E, Gamkrelidze I, Garcia V, Genov J, Ghandour Z, Ghuloom M, Gomez B, Gunter J, Habeeb J, Hajelssedig O, Hamoudi W, Hrstic I, Hu CC, Huang CF, Hui YT, Jahis R, Jelev D, John AK, Kamel Y, Kao JH, Khamis J, Khattabi H, Khoudri I, Konysbekova A, Kotzev I, Lai MS, Lao WC, Layden J, Lee MH, Lesi O, Li M, Lo A, Loo CK, Lukšić B, Malu AO, Mateva L, Mitova R, Morović M, Murphy K, Mustapha B, Nde H, Nersesov A, Ngige E, Njoya O, Nonković D, Obekpa S, Oguche S, Okolo EE, Omede O, Omuemu C, Ondoa P, Phillips RO, Prokopenko YN, et alMaaroufi A, Vince A, Himatt SM, Mohamed R, Fung J, Opare-Sem O, Workneh A, Njouom R, Al Ghazzawi I, Abdulla M, Kaliaskarova KS, Owusu-Ofori S, Abdelmageed MK, Adda D, Akin O, Al Baqali A, Al Dweik N, Al Ejji K, Al Kaabi S, Al Naamani K, Al Qamish J, Al Sadadi M, Al Salman J, AlBadri M, Al-Busafi SA, Al-Romaihi HE, Ampofo W, Antonov K, Anyaike C, Arome F, Bane A, Blach S, Borodo MM, Brandon SM, Bright B, Butt MT, Cardenas I, Chan HLY, Chen CJ, Chen DS, Chen PJ, Chien RN, Chuang WL, Cuellar D, Derbala M, Elbardiny AA, Estes C, Farag E, Gamkrelidze I, Garcia V, Genov J, Ghandour Z, Ghuloom M, Gomez B, Gunter J, Habeeb J, Hajelssedig O, Hamoudi W, Hrstic I, Hu CC, Huang CF, Hui YT, Jahis R, Jelev D, John AK, Kamel Y, Kao JH, Khamis J, Khattabi H, Khoudri I, Konysbekova A, Kotzev I, Lai MS, Lao WC, Layden J, Lee MH, Lesi O, Li M, Lo A, Loo CK, Lukšić B, Malu AO, Mateva L, Mitova R, Morović M, Murphy K, Mustapha B, Nde H, Nersesov A, Ngige E, Njoya O, Nonković D, Obekpa S, Oguche S, Okolo EE, Omede O, Omuemu C, Ondoa P, Phillips RO, Prokopenko YN, Razavi H, Razavi-Shearer D, Redae B, Reic T, Rinke de Wit T, Rios C, Robbins S, Roberts LR, Sanad SJ, Schmelzer JD, Sharma M, Simonova M, Su TH, Sultan K, Tan SS, Tchernev K, Tsang OTY, Tsang S, Tzeuton C, Ugoeze S, Uzochukwu B, Vi R, Wani HU, Wong VWS, Yacoub R, Yesmembetov KI, Youbi M, Yuen MF, Razavi-Shearer K. Historical epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in select countries-volume 4. J Viral Hepat 2017; 24 Suppl 2:8-24. [PMID: 29105285 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12762] [Show More Authors] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Due to the introduction of newer, more efficacious treatment options, there is a pressing need for policy makers and public health officials to develop or adapt national hepatitis C virus (HCV) control strategies to the changing epidemiological landscape. To do so, detailed, country-specific data are needed to characterize the burden of chronic HCV infection. In this study of 17 countries, a literature review of published and unpublished data on HCV prevalence, viraemia, genotype, age and gender distribution, liver transplants and diagnosis and treatment rates was conducted, and inputs were validated by expert consensus in each country. Viraemic prevalence in this study ranged from 0.2% in Hong Kong to 2.4% in Taiwan, while the largest viraemic populations were in Nigeria (2 597 000 cases) and Taiwan (569 000 cases). Diagnosis, treatment and liver transplant rates varied widely across the countries included in this analysis, as did the availability of reliable data. Addressing data gaps will be critical for the development of future strategies to manage and minimize the disease burden of hepatitis C.
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Review |
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