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Selvaraj V, Mahboub HH, Ganapathi U, Chandran SK, Al-Onazi W, Al-Mohaimeed AM, Chen TW, Faggio C, Paulraj B. Enhanced photodegradation of methylene blue from aqueous solution using Al-doped ZnS nanoparticles. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:73528-73541. [PMID: 35622286 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20634-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The post-transition semiconducting material of pure zinc sulfide (ZnS) and various concentrations of aluminum (Al) (2.5 wt%, 5.0% wt, 7.5 wt%, and 10% calcined at 200 °C) doped ZnS nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by sol-gel procedure. The crystal-like nature and phase structure of the product were examined by powder XRD analysis. This analysis shows that the pure ZnS nanoparticle does not form any secondary phase. The functional group of synthesized materials was analyzed by FTIR examination. The energy gap of the materials is calculated using electro-optic analysis and the Kubelka-Munk equation varies from 3.04 nm to 3.63 nm. The photoluminescence studies show the wide emissions (blue to green) for pure ZnS and Al-doped ZnS nanomaterials. The SEM images show the spherical structure and the agglomerated nanostructures. The presence of Zn, S, and Al are confirmed by EDAX spectra. From HR-TEM studies, pure ZnS and Al-doped ZnS nanoparticles exhibit uniform particle sizes. The rate of degradation was observed using MB dye. MB dye has maximum wavelength (λmax) of 664 nm. The dye degradation efficiency was improved as the dye ratio increased. Photocatalytic activities studies show the intensity of photocatalytic activities decreased for the maximum time interval. Doping of Al in ZnS boosts the photocatalytic activity. Hence, Al-doped ZnS appears to be better decomposing MB dye when exposed to visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayan Selvaraj
- Department of Physics, Govt. Arts College, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
- Department of Physics, MGR College, Hosur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Heba H Mahboub
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Umadevi Ganapathi
- Department of Physics, Govt. Arts College, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.
| | | | - Wedad Al-Onazi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Mohammed Al-Mohaimeed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tse-Wei Chen
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Balaji Paulraj
- PG and Research Centre in Biotechnology, MGR College, Hosur, Tamilnadu, India
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