Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for studying the interaction of organometallic compound bis(1,3-dihexylimidazole-2-yl) silver(i) hexafluorophosphate (v) with the biofilm of Escherichia coli

Escherichia coli biofilms are a major cause of gastrointestinal tract diseases, such as esophageal, stomach and intestinal diseases. Nowadays, these are the most commonly occurring diseases caused by consuming contaminated food. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of probiotics in controlling multidrug-resistant E. coli and reducing its ability to form biofilms. Our results substantiate the effective use of probiotics as antimicrobial alternatives and to eradicate biofilms formed by multidrug-resistant E. coli. In this research, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was utilized to identify and evaluate Escherichia coli biofilms and their response to the varying concentrations of the organometallic compound bis(1,3-dihexylimidazole-2-yl) silver(i) hexafluorophosphate (v). Given the escalating challenge of antibiotic resistance in bacteria that form biofilms, understanding the impact of potential antibiotic agents is crucial for the healthcare sector. The combination of SERS with principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) enabled the detection and characterization of the biofilm, providing insights into the biochemical changes induced by the antibiotic candidate. The identified SERS spectral features served as indicators for elucidating the mode of action of the potential drug on the biofilm. Through PCA and PLS-DA, metabolic variations allowing the differentiation and classification of unexposed biofilms and biofilms exposed to different concentrations of the synthesized antibiotic were successfully identified, with 95% specificity, 96% sensitivity, and a 0.75 area under the curve (AUC). This research underscores the efficiency of surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy in differentiating the impact of potential antibiotic agents on E. coli biofilms.

Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) in Combination with PCA and PLS-DA for the Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of 1-Isopentyl-3-pentyl-1H-imidazole-3-ium Bromide against Bacillus subtilis

In the current study, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was performed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of lab-synthesized drug (1-isopentyl-3-pentyl-1H-imidazole-3-ium bromide salt) and commercial drug tinidazole againstBacillus subtilis. The changes in SERS spectral features were studied for unexposed bacillus and exposed one with various dosages of drug synthesized in the lab (1-isopentyl-3-pentyl-1H-imidazole-3-ium bromide salt), and SERS bands were assigned associated with the drug-induced biochemical alterations in bacteria. Multivariate data analysis tools including principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) have been utilized to analyze the antibacterial activity of the imidazole derivative (lab drug). PCA was employed in differentiating all the SERS spectral data sets associated with the various doses of the lab-synthesized drug. There is clear discrimination among the spectral data sets of a bacterial strain treated with different concentrations of the drug, which are analyzed by PLS-DA with 86% area under the curve in receiver operating curve (ROC), 99% sensitivity, 100% accuracy, and 98% specificity. Various dominant spectral features are observed with a gradual increase in the different concentrations of the applied drug including 715, 850, 1002, 1132, 1237, 1396, 1416, and 1453 cm-1, which indicate the possible biochemical changes caused in bacteria during the antibacterial activity of the lab-synthesized drug. Overall, the findings show that imidazole and imidazolium compounds generated from tinidazole with various alkyl lengths in the amide substitution can be effective antibacterial agents with low cytotoxicity in humans, and these results indicate the efficiency of SERS in pharmaceuticals and biomedical applications.

Development of Ce doped hydroxyapatite- sodium alginate biocomposite for bone and dental implants

Biomaterials must be biocompatible and provide excellent mechanical strength when used as bone and dental implants. To enhance the physical, mechanical, and biological properties, a unique cerium-doped hydroxyapatite-sodium alginate (Ce-HAp-SA)...

Human CD38, a cell-surface protein with multiple functions

Human CD38 is a nonlineage-restricted type II transmembrane glycoprotein that has emerged as a multifunctional protein in recent years. It can serve as an ectoenzyme that catalyzes the synthesis and hydrolysis of cyclic ADP-ribose, a recently identified Ca2+ mobilizing agent that acts independently of inositol triphosphate. The enzymatic functions of CD38 probably contribute to an array of its immunoregulatory functions. The release of soluble CD38 and the ability of membrane-bound CD38 to become internalized in response to appropriate stimuli suggest that extracellular and intracellular roles for this protein are equally plausible. Ligation of CD38 with agonistic antibodies induces diverse effects in hematopoietic cells that range from growth stimulation to induction and prevention from apoptosis, induction of cytokines, activation of kinases, and phosphorylation of certain proteins. These observations suggest that CD38 may serve as receptor for an as yet unidentified ligand. Other molecules that share significant structural and functional homology to CD38 have been identified in humans and mice, suggesting that these molecules may represent a new family of proteins. Understanding the role of CD38 in certain pathological conditions such as myeloma, X-linked agammaglobulinemia, and HIV infection may provide insight into its physiological functions.