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Grimm MO, Thiery-Vuillemin A, Bedke J, Grünwald V, Mueller-Huesmann H, Albiges L, Escudier B, Vano Y, Allan V, Herber M, Néré S, Quentric C, Schostak M, Barthélémy P. IO-Synthesise RCC: Real-world outcomes with nivolumab in previously treated advanced renal cell carcinoma, a pooled analysis of patients from France and Germany. EUR UROL SUPPL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(21)03160-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Barlesi F, Dixmier A, Debieuvre D, Raspaud C, Auliac J, Nicolas B, Bombaron P, Moro-Sibilot D, Audigier-Valette C, Asselain B, Dumanoir J, Cotté FE, Allan V, Calvet C, Reynaud D, Pérol M. 1348P Long-term survival and health-related quality of life with nivolumab for previously-treated advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): A wide prospective French real-world study (EVIDENS). Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Backiyalakshmi C, Vetriventhan M, Deshpande S, Babu C, Allan V, Naresh D, Gupta R, Azevedo VCR. Genome-Wide Assessment of Population Structure and Genetic Diversity of the Global Finger Millet Germplasm Panel Conserved at the ICRISAT Genebank. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:692463. [PMID: 34489996 PMCID: PMC8417690 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.692463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] is an important climate-resilient nutrient-dense crop grown as a staple food grain in Asia and Africa. Utilizing the full potential of the crop mainly depends on an in-depth exploration of the vast diversity in its germplasm. In this study, the global finger millet germplasm diversity panel of 314 accessions was genotyped, using the DArTseq approach to assess genetic diversity and population structure. We obtained 33,884 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers on 306 accessions after filtering. Finger millet germplasm showed considerable genetic diversity, and the mean polymorphic information content, gene diversity, and Shannon Index were 0.110, 0.114, and 0.194, respectively. The average genetic distance of the entire set was 0.301 (range 0.040 - 0.450). The accessions of the race elongata (0.326) showed the highest average genetic distance, and the least was in the race plana (0.275); and higher genetic divergence was observed between elongata and vulgaris (0.320), while the least was between compacta and plana (0.281). An average, landrace accessions had higher gene diversity (0.144) and genetic distance (0.299) than the breeding lines (0.117 and 0.267, respectively). A similar average gene diversity was observed in the accessions of Asia (0.132) and Africa (0.129), but Asia had slightly higher genetic distance (0.286) than African accessions (0.276), and the distance between these two regions was 0.327. This was also confirmed by a model-based STRUCTURE analysis, genetic distance-based clustering, and principal coordinate analysis, which revealed two major populations representing Asia and Africa. Analysis of molecular variance suggests that the significant population differentiation was mainly due to within individuals between regions or between populations while races had a negligible impact on population structure. Finger millet diversity is structured based on a geographical region of origin, while the racial structure made negligible contribution to population structure. The information generated from this study can provide greater insights into the population structure and genetic diversity within and among regions and races, and an understanding of genomic-assisted finger millet improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Backiyalakshmi
- Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore, India
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Mani Vetriventhan
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Santosh Deshpande
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - C. Babu
- Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore, India
| | - V. Allan
- Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore, India
| | - D. Naresh
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Rajeev Gupta
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Vania C. R. Azevedo
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
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Thiery-Vuillemin A, Bedke J, Albigès L, Bigot P, Escudier B, von der Heyde E, Grünwald V, Müller-Huesmann H, Narciso B, Schostak M, Schultze-Seemann W, Vano YA, Allan V, Chartier M, Herber M, McDonald L, Quentric C, Barthélémy P, Grimm MO. IO-Synthesise RCC: A pooled analysis of real-world outcomes for advanced renal cell carcinoma patients treated with nivolumab in France and Germany. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)36229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Barlesi F, Dixmier A, Debieuvre D, Raspaud C, Auliac J, Benoit N, Bombaron P, Moro-Sibilot D, Audigier-Valette C, Asselain B, Dumanoir J, Cotte FE, Allan V, Ozan N, Calvet C, Reynaud D, Pérol M. 1325P Long-term survival and health-related quality of life in patients treated with nivolumab for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A wide prospective French real-world study (EVIDENS). Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Dixmier, Asselain B, Barlesi F, Debieuvre D, Valette CA, Gröschel A, Gütz S, Liersch R, Moro-Sibilot D, Müller-Huesmann H, Perol M, Raspaud C, Schulte C, Schulz H, Schumann C, Allan V, Calvet C, Rothnie K, Wünsch V, Sebastian M. IO-synthesise NSCLC: A pooled analysis of real-world survival outcomes for non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with nivolumab in France and Germany. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz260.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Barlesi F, Dixmier A, Debieuvre D, Raspaud C, Auliac J, Benoit N, Bombaron P, Moro-Sibilot D, Audigier-Valette C, Asselain B, Lamoureux P, Cotté FE, Allan V, Daumont M, Ozan N, Calvet C, Perol M. Effectiveness and safety of nivolumab in the treatment of lung cancer patients in France: Updated survival and subgroup analysis from the real-world EVIDENS study. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz260.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Pérol M, Dixmier A, Barlesi F, Debieuvre D, Raspaud C, Auliac J, Benoit N, Bombaron P, Moro-Sibilot D, Asselain B, Cotté FE, Lamoureux P, Karam N, Ozan N, Calvet C, Bryan B, Allan V, Audigier Valette C. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with nivolumab in real-life: The EVIDENS study. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz063.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Champney F, Maddock L, Welford J, Kemp J, Allan V, Persidskikh Y, Orini M, Ang R, Workman A, Wong L, Honarbakhsh S, Leong K, Silberbauer J, O'Nunain S, Gomes J, McCready J, Bostock J, Shaw K, McKenna C, Bailey J, Honarbakhsh S, Casas J, Wallace J, Hunter R, Schilling R, Perel P, Morley K, Banerjee A, Hemingway H, Mrochak A, Ilyina T, Goncharik D, Chasnoits A, Plashinskaya L, Taggart P, Hayward M, Lambiase P, Hosford P, Kasparov S, Lambiase P, Tinker A, Gourine A, Kettlewell S, Dempster J, Colman M, Rankin A, Myles R, Smith G, Tester D, Jaye A, FitzPatrick D, Evans M, Fleming P, Jeffrey I, Cohen M, Simpson M, Ackerman M, Behr E, Srinivasan N, Kirkby C, Firman E, Tobin L, Murphy C, Lowe M, Hunter RJ, Finlay M, Schilling RJ, Lambiase PD, Ng F, Tomlinson L, Nuthoo S, Cajilog E, Lefroy D, Qureshi N, Koa-Wing M, Whinnett Z, Linton N, Davies D, Lim P, Peters N, Kanagaratnam P, Varnava A. ORAL ABSTRACTS (1)Allied Professionals7CRYOABLATION FOR PAROXYSMAL ATRIAL FIBRILLATION - IS AN EP LAB REQUIRED?8A PATHWAY TO SAFETY - ANTICOAGULATION COMPLIANCE IN CIED PATIENTS WITH AF9UNDERSTANDING THE WAYS IN WHICH OCCUPATION IS AFFECTED BY POSTURAL TACHYCARDIA SYNDROME: A UK OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY PERSPECTIVE10DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTERGRATED SUPPORT PATHWAY FOR PATIENTS FULFILLING NICE CRITERIA FOR AN INTERNAL CARDIOVASCULAR DEBRIBRILLATOR (ICD) IN A DISTRICT GENERAL HOSPITAL11ARE CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH THE INCIDENCE OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION? A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND FIELD SYNOPSIS OF 23 FACTORS IN 32 INITIALLY HEALTHY COHORTS OF 20 MILLION PARTICIPANTS12BRAIN MRI FINDINGS IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION UNDERGOING CARDIOVERSIONBasic Science/Sudden Cardiac Death13PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF THE “RE-ENTRY VULNERABILITY INDEX” AS A MARKER OF CARDIAC INSTABILITY IN THE HUMAN HEART USING WHOLE-HEART CONTACT EPICARDIAL MAPPING14OPTOGENETIC STIMULATION OF BRAINSTEM'S VAGAL PREGANGLIONIC NEURONES IS ASSOCIATED WITH NEURONAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE-DEPENDENT PROLONGATION OF VENTRICULAR EFFECTIVE REFRACTORY PERIOD15A DYNAMIC-CLAMP STUDY OF L-TYPE Ca2+ CURRENT IN RABBIT AND HUMAN ATRIAL MYOCYTES: THE CONTRIBUTION OF WINDOW ICaL TO EARLY AFTERDEPOLARISATIONS16WHOLE EXOME SEQUENCING IN SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME17MEDIUM TERM SURVIVAL AND FAMILY SCREENING OUTCOMES IN AN IDIOPATHIC VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION COHORT - A MULTICENTRE EXPERIENCE18CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SCD SURVIVORS WITH BRUGADA SYNDROME:- ARE SPONSANEOUS TYPE I ECG AND PREVIOUS SYNCOPE REALLY ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH RISK? Europace 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euw270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Gale CP, Allan V, Cattle BA, Hall AS, West RM, Timmis A, Gray HH, Deanfield J, Fox KAA, Feltbower R. Trends in hospital treatments, including revascularisation, following acute myocardial infarction, 2003–2010: a multilevel and relative survival analysis for the National Institute for Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (NICOR). Heart 2014; 100:582-9. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2013-304517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Gale CP, Allan V, Cattle BA, Hall AS, West RM, Timmis A, Gray HH, Deanfield JE, Fox KAA, Feltbower R. 026 TRENDS IN IN-HOSPITAL TREATMENTS, INCLUDING REVASCULARISATION, FOLLOWING ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, 2003–2010: A MULTI-LEVEL AND RELATIVE SURVIVAL ANALYSIS FOR THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES RESEARCH (NICOR). Heart 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2013-304019.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Pittet D, Panesar SS, Wilson K, Longtin Y, Morris T, Allan V, Storr J, Cleary K, Donaldson L. Involving the patient to ask about hospital hand hygiene: a National Patient Safety Agency feasibility study. J Hosp Infect 2011; 77:299-303. [PMID: 21236515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2010.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 10/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) affect at least 300,000 patients annually in the UK and represent a significant, yet largely preventable, burden to healthcare systems. Hand hygiene by healthcare workers (HCWs) is the leading prevention measure, but compliance with good practice is generally low. The UK National Patient Safety Agency surveyed the public, inpatients, and HCWs, particularly frontline clinical staff and infection control nurses, in five acute care hospitals to determine whether they agreed that a greater level of involvement and engagement with patients would contribute to increased compliance with hand hygiene and reduce HAIs. Fifty-seven percent (302/530) of the public were unlikely to question doctors on the cleanliness of their hands as they assumed that they had already cleaned them. Forty-three percent (90/210) of inpatients considered that HCWs should know to clean their hands and trusted them to do so, and 20% (42/210) would not want HCWs to think that they were questioning their professional ability to do their job correctly. Most HCWs surveyed (178/254, 71%) said that HAI could be reduced to a greater or lesser degree if patients asked HCWs if they had cleaned their hands before touching them. Inviting patients to remind HCWs about hand hygiene through the provision of individual alcohol-based hand-rub containers and actively supporting an 'It's OK to ask' attitude were perceived as the most useful interventions by both patients and HCWs. However, further work is required to refute the myth among HCWs that patient involvement undermines the doctor- or HCW-patient relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pittet
- Infection Control Programme and WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Howes OD, Egerton A, Allan V, McGuire P, Stokes P, Kapur S. Mechanisms underlying psychosis and antipsychotic treatment response in schizophrenia: insights from PET and SPECT imaging. Curr Pharm Des 2009; 15:2550-9. [PMID: 19689327 DOI: 10.2174/138161209788957528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging studies have generated important in vivo insights into the etiology of schizophrenia and treatment response. This article first reviews the PET and SPECT evidence implicating dopaminergic dysfunction, especially presynaptic dysregulation, as a mechanism for psychosis. Second, it summarises the neurochemical imaging studies of antipsychotic action, focussing on D2/3 receptors. These studies show that all currently licensed antipsychotic drugs block striatal D2/3 receptors in vivo- a site downstream of the likely principal dopaminergic pathophysiology in schizophrenia- and that D2/3 occupancy above a threshold is required for antipsychotic treatment response. However, adverse events, such as extra-pyramidal side-effects or hyperprolactinemia, become much more likely at higher occupancy levels, which indicates there is an optimal 'therapeutic window' for D2/3 occupancy, and questions the use of high doses of antipsychotic treatment in clinical practice and trials. Adequate D2/3 blockade by antipsychotic drugs is necessary but not always sufficient for antipsychotic response. Molecular imaging studies of clozapine, the one antipsychotic licensed for treatment resistant schizophrenia, have provided insights into the mechanisms underlying its unique efficacy. To link this pharmacology to the phenomenology of the illness, we discuss the role of dopamine in motivational salience and show how i) psychosis could be viewed as a process of aberrant salience, and ii) antipsychotics might provide symptomatic relief by blocking this aberrant salience. Finally, we discuss the implications of these PET and SPECT findings for new avenues of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- O D Howes
- PET Psychiatry-MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College Hammersmith Campus, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
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14
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Abstract
Non-clathrin-coated vesicles mediate membrane traffic through the Golgi complex. The proteins that constitute the coats of these vesicles have similar molecular weights to the clathrin coat proteins. A major component of the coat of non-clathrin-coated vesicles, beta-COP, has significant homology with the clathrin coat protein beta-adaptin, indicating that the coats of the two different classes of vesicles may be structurally and functionally homologous.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Duden
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-6900 Heidelberg, FRG
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16
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Barroso C, Chan J, Allan V, Doonan J, Hussey P, Lloyd C. Two kinesin-related proteins associated with the cold-stable cytoskeleton of carrot cells: characterization of a novel kinesin, DcKRP120-2. Plant J 2000; 24:859-868. [PMID: 11135119 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2000.00937.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have previously described the biochemical isolation of 65 kDa and 120 kDa microtubule-associated proteins from carrot cytoskeletons. The 65 kDa MAPs have subsequently been shown to be structural MAPs that reconstitute 30 nm cross-bridges of the kind that maintain cortical microtubules in parallel groups. By exploiting its avid binding to microtubules, we have now devised a method for isolating MAP120 from protoplast extracts, and shown that it has properties of a kinesin-related protein. MAP120 segregates with the cold stable pool of microtubules in carrot cytoskeletons, whilst the 65 kDa MAPs are also associated with the cold-sensitive microtubules. On gradient gels, MAP120 resolves as two kinesin-like bands. We report the isolation of a carrot cDNA, DcKRP120-2, corresponding to a novel kinesin of the BimC class known to move to the plus ends of microtubules. Antibodies raised against specific expressed sequences recognize the upper band, while the lower band is recognized by antibodies to the tobacco kinesin-related protein, TKRP125. We have also isolated a partial genomic carrot DNA, DcKRP120-1, homologous to the motor region of tobacco TKRP125. Immunofluorescence of the two proteins produces different staining patterns. Anti-TKRP125 labels the cortical microtubules and the pre-prophase band, but anti-DcKRP120-2 does so only weakly. Both clearly stain the spindle and the phragmoplast, but in a proportion of cells anti-DcKRP120-2 strongly decorates the phragmoplast mid-line where the plus ends of the microtubules overlap. We discuss the potential roles of these proteins during the microtubule cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Barroso
- Department of Cell Biology, John Innes Centre, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- V Allan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
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18
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Banting G, Allan V. The endoplasmic reticulum--structure and function (Bristol, September 20-22, 1999). Traffic 2000; 1:184-6. [PMID: 11208098 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0854.2000.010210.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Banting
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lane
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, 2.205 Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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Abstract
The interactions between the microtubule motor cytoplasmic dynein and its putative regulator dynactin have been shown to be dynamic and complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Allan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Raff
- Wellcome/CRC Institute, Dept of Genetics, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK CB2 1QR
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Abstract
There is a wealth of data suggesting that microtubules and associated motor proteins play important roles in orchestrating membrane traffic within higher eukaryotes, with myosins and actin filaments fulfilling similar functions in organisms such as fungi, algae and plants. In addition, evidence is accumulating that both cytoskeletal systems can co-operate within one cell. Recent studies have highlighted how individual motor proteins can act at multiple steps in the membrane-traffic pathways, and in contrast, how more than one motor type may be involved in each transport step and in generating organelle morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Allan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
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23
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Abstract
Interphase Xenopus egg extracts form extensive tubular membrane networks in vitro. These networks are identified here as endoplasmic reticulum by the presence of ER resident proteins, as shown by immunofluorescence, and by the presence of single ribosomes and polysomes, as shown by electron microscopy. The effect of phosphorylation on ER movement in interphase was tested using the phosphatase inhibitor, okadaic acid. Okadaic acid treatment resulted in an increase of up to 27-fold in the number of ER tubules moving and in the extent of ER networks formed compared to control extracts. This activation was blocked by the broad-specificity kinase inhibitor 6-dimethylaminopurine. Okadaic acid had no effect, however, on the direction of ER tubule movement, which occurred towards the minus end of microtubules, and was sensitive to low concentrations of vanadate. Inhibition of phosphatases also had no effect on the speed or duration of ER tubule extensions, and did not stimulate the activity of soluble cytoplasmic dynein. The sensitivity of ER movement to okadaic acid closely matched that of protein phosphatase 1. Although the amount of ER motility was greatly increased by inhibiting protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), the amount of cytoplasmic dynein associated with the membrane was not altered. The data support a model in which phosphorylation regulates ER movement by controlling the activity of cytoplasmic dynein bound to the ER membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Allan
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Recent studies of dynactin, a protein complex implicated in regulating the cytoplasmic motor protein dynein, reveal that the complex contains a specialized actin filament and may also interact with microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Allan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
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25
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Abstract
We have studied the microtubule-dependent formation of tubular membrane networks in vitro, using a heterologous system composed of Xenopus egg cytosol combined with rat liver membrane fractions enriched in either Golgi stacks or rough endoplasmic reticulum. The first step in membrane network construction involves the extension of membrane tubules along microtubules by the action of microtubule-based motor proteins. We have observed for both membrane fractions that 80–95% of moving tubule tips possess a distinct globular domain. These structures do not form simply as a consequence of motor protein activity, but are stable domains that appear to be enriched in active microtubule motors. Negative stain electron microscopy reveals that the motile globular domains associated with the RER networks are generally smaller than those observed in networks derived from a crude Golgi stack fraction. The globular domains from the Golgi fraction are often packed with very low density lipoprotein particles (the major secretory product of hepatocytes) and albumin, which suggests that motor proteins may be specifically enriched in organelle regions where proteins for export are accumulated. These data raise the possibility that the concentration of active motor proteins into specialised membrane domains may be an important feature of the secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Allan
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
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Abstract
Detrusor instability has remained resistant to conventional forms of treatment. An attempt to use biofeedback methods in its management is described. Six female patients with symptoms of frequency, urgency and urge incontinence due to detrusor instability were conditioned to auditory and visual stimuli for 6 to 8 1 h sessions. They were assessed clinically and urodynamically. The results are presented as well as detailed case studies of 3 patients. Subjectively, 3 were cured, 2 improved and 1 remained the same; objectively, 3 were cured, 1 improved and 2 remained the same. No significant side effects were encountered.
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Abstract
Sixty women with urinary incontinence were treated by the Burch colposuspension operation and bladder neck plication. The pre- and postoperative clinical and urodynamic features of the 15 patients with recurrent incontinence were compared and contrasted with 45 women who were cured. Factors which were associated with failed surgery included increaseing age, previous continence surgery, the presence of detrusor instability, and a postoperative rise of intrinsic bladder pressure either on filling of standing up.
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