[Behavioral instrumental reactions and the frequency of cardiac contractions in chimpanzees with different rates of approaching a goal and a shortened time of its exposure]

Reaching the goals moving with different speed (from 1 to 400 mm/sec), the chimpanzee revealed respective behavioural, emotional, instrumental, and cardiovascular responses. When obscuring the goal for a certain time, the chimpanzee nevertheless managed to reach it, the relations between the speed of approaching goal and behavioural or instrumental responses being preserved. Thereupon, the chimpanzee are able to reach the goal provided the latter's trace exceeds 5-10-fold the time of really acting stimulus.

[Adaptation of a 4-year-old chimpanzee to an unusual stimulus]

A complex of adaptive reactions have been observed in response to the unusual irritants in 4-year chimpanzee infant. It includes the orienting-research, passive defence reactions, avoidance of irritant, transfer on co-operation with experimenter, aggressive reactions to unusual irritants. The analysis of behaviour reactions and cardiac rhythm has revealed that playing with an experimentator and aggressive reactions are the most reliable way of adaptation which prevents strong and long emotional stress. A social system "chimpanzee-experimentator" on a positive parity basis is an important condition for promoting the appearance of the mentioned adaptation reaction.

[A neurophysiologic analysis of the solution of arithmetic problems by seven to eight-year-old schoolchildren]

The nature of correlation connections between various areas of the cerebral cortex in the process of solving arithmetic problems of different complexity was studied in children seven to eight years old. Particularly noticeable differences by this parameter became prominent between the following periods of solving easy and difficult problems: 1) presentation of the problems; 2) comparison of the solution with the control; 3) selfestimation of the result of the activity. An important part in each of the indicated periods was played by comparing the preceding and current excitations. When difficult problems were solved, this process ended in a discordance effect. The findings attest that the phenomenon of discordance in effecting purposeful activity produces activation of the brain as a whole and of its frontal areas in particular.