Greener microwave synthesized Se nanospheres for antioxidant, cell viability, and antibacterial effect

Selenium nanocrystals (SeNPs) were developed using Coccinia grandis fruit (CGF) extract by green microwave approach. The morphological characters revealed that the quasi SeNPs with dimensions ranging from 12 to 24 nm have been arranged in encapsulated spherical geometries with dimensions ranging from 0.47 to 0.71 m. The DPPH assay revealed that SeNPs at a concentration of 70 µl of 99.2% had the greatest possible scavenging capacity. The nanoparticle concentrations were around 500 g/mL and the cellular uptake of SeNPs through living thing extracellular matrix cell lines in vitro was limited to 75.1 ± 3.8%. The biocidal activity was tested against E. coli, B. cereus, and S. aureus strains. Since it had the greatest MIC against B. cereus with 32 mm compared with the reference antibiotics. These incredible qualities of SeNPs suggest that attempting to manipulate multi-purpose nanoparticles for powerful and flexible wound and skin therapeutic innovations is very impressive.

Graphical abstract

Tacrolimus-associated hypomagnesemia in renal transplant recipients

BACKGROUND

Since hypomagnesemia occurs frequently in tacrolimus treated patients, we studied the correlation between renal magnesium wasting and tacrolimus blood levels in renal transplant patients.

METHODS

Serum magnesium, fractional excretion of magnesium (FEMg), and 24-hour urinary excretion of magnesium were measured in 41 transplant patients and 10 healthy volunteers for correlation with tacrolimus level.

RESULTS

Of tacrolimus-treated patients, 43% displayed hypomagnesemia. FEMg (7.42+/-3.59% versus 1.88+/-0.43%) and 24-hour urinary excretion (112.36+/-51.43 mg/dL versus 6.7+/-2.79 mg/dL) were significantly higher among tacrolimus-treated patients than controls. Magnesium replacement did not influence FEMg or 24-hour urinary magnesium excretion. Tacrolimus level was the best predictor of 24-hour urinary magnesium excretion and FEMg. Serum magnesium levels correlated inversely with tacrolimus concentrations and creatinine clearance.

CONCLUSION

Hypomagnesemia in renal transplant recipients results from renal magnesium wasting. Tacrolimus levels and renal function impact on the excess renal magnesium excretion. Studies of longer duration are warranted to assess the long-term effects of this early posttransplant hypomagnesemia.