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Miliauskas CR, Faus DP, da Cruz VL, do Nascimento Vallaperde JGR, Junger W, Lopes CS. Community violence and internalizing mental health symptoms in adolescents: A systematic review. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:253. [PMID: 35397541 PMCID: PMC8994919 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03873-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSES Mental disorders are responsible for 16% of the global burden of disease in adolescents. This review focuses on one contextual factor called community violence that can contribute to the development of mental disorders OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of community violence on internalizing mental health symptoms in adolescents, to investigate whether different proximity to community violence (witness or victim) is associated with different risks and to identify whether gender, age, and race moderate this association. METHODS systematic review of observational studies. The population includes adolescents (10-24 years), exposition involves individuals exposed to community violence and outcomes consist of internalizing mental health symptoms. Selection, extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two researchers. RESULTS A total of 2987 works were identified; after selection and extraction, 42 works remained. Higher exposure to community violence was positively associated with internalizing mental health symptoms. Being a witnessing is less harmful for mental health than being a victim. Age and race did not appear in the results as modifiers, but male gender and family support appear to be protective factors in some studies. CONCLUSION This review confirms the positive relationship between community violence and internalizing mental health symptoms in adolescents and provides relevant information that can direct public efforts to build policies in the prevention of both problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Reis Miliauskas
- Medical Sciences College/Department of Medical Specialties, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Vinte e Oito de Setembro Avenue, 77, 4° floor, 432. Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, 20.551-030, Brazil. .,Institute of Social Medicine/State University of Rio de Janeiro, São Francisco Xavier Street, 524, Maracanã, 7 floor, Rio de Janeiro, 20.550-013, Brazil.
| | - Daniela Porto Faus
- grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XInstitute of Social Medicine/State University of Rio de Janeiro, São Francisco Xavier Street, 524, Maracanã, 7 floor, Rio de Janeiro, 20.550-013 Brazil ,grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Maternidade Escola, Laranjeiras Street, 180. Laranjeiras, Rio de Janeiro, 22.240-000 Brazil
| | - Valéria Lima da Cruz
- grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XInstitute of Social Medicine/State University of Rio de Janeiro, São Francisco Xavier Street, 524, Maracanã, 7 floor, Rio de Janeiro, 20.550-013 Brazil
| | - João Gabriel Rega do Nascimento Vallaperde
- grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XInstitute of Social Medicine/State University of Rio de Janeiro, São Francisco Xavier Street, 524, Maracanã, 7 floor, Rio de Janeiro, 20.550-013 Brazil
| | - Washington Junger
- grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XInstitute of Social Medicine/State University of Rio de Janeiro, São Francisco Xavier Street, 524, Maracanã, 7 floor, Rio de Janeiro, 20.550-013 Brazil
| | - Claudia Souza Lopes
- grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XInstitute of Social Medicine/State University of Rio de Janeiro, São Francisco Xavier Street, 524, Maracanã, 7 floor, Rio de Janeiro, 20.550-013 Brazil
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da Cruz VL, Mediano MFF, Paravidino VB, Neves FA, de Oliveira Malafaia T, Rodrigues Junior LF, Moura AS, Sichieri R. Insulin sensitivity as a predictor of longitudinal changes on body mass index in Brazilian adolescents. Am J Hum Biol 2022; 34:e23745. [PMID: 35294067 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the effect of insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance status at baseline on longitudinal body mass index, and the possible effect modification by sex. METHODS This is a secondary analysis of a randomized intervention community trial, in which a subgroup of 84 adolescents, aged between 10 and 12 years, were analyzed. Body weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) were determined before and after 8 months of follow-up. Glucose and serum insulin were examined at baseline and IR was defined based on the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), with a cutoff >2.5 for both genders. Linear mixed-effects models were performed to evaluate the influence of HOMA-IR at baseline on BMI changes over time. Models were adjusted for age, pubertal stage, and stratified by sex. RESULTS The sample comprised 65.4% of girls and the prevalence of overweight/obesity was 54.7% among girls and 50.0% among boys. The overall prevalence of IR was 75.3%, of which 60.7% for boys and 83.0% for girls. We found an interaction effect by sex (p = .004) for HOMA-IR as a continuous variable, with a decreased BMI rate of change among boys (β = -0.13; p = .03) but not for girls (β = +0.03; p = .36). Longitudinal BMI changes considering IR status at baseline (IR vs. non-IR) did not demonstrate any statistically significant difference for both boys (-0.1 vs. +0.4; p = .28) and girls (+0.7 vs. +1.0; p = .44). CONCLUSION Increased HOMA-IR values at baseline were associated with greater BMI reduction over time among boys but not girls, with no influence of IR status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria Lima da Cruz
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mauro Felippe Felix Mediano
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Disease, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Research and Education, National Institute of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vitor Barreto Paravidino
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education and Sports, Naval Academy - Brazilian Navy, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Alves Neves
- Laboratory of Nutrition Physiology and Development, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tayanne de Oliveira Malafaia
- Laboratory of Nutrition Physiology and Development, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Anibal Sanchez Moura
- Laboratory of Nutrition Physiology and Development, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosely Sichieri
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Paravidino VB, Mediano MFF, Crochemore-Silva I, da Cruz VL, Antunes MML, Beaulieu K, Gibbons C, Finlayson G, Blundell JE, Sichieri R. The compensatory effect of exercise on physical activity and energy intake in young men with overweight: The EFECT randomised controlled trial. Physiol Behav 2020; 229:113249. [PMID: 33221391 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The compensatory effect of exercise on total volume of physical activity and food intake has been described as a possible explanation for the limited body weight loss observed during exercise interventions. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of different exercise intensities on total volume of physical activity and energy intake amongst active men with overweight. DESIGN Young men with overweight from a naval academy (n = 72; mean ± SD, age 21 ± 2 years, BMI 27.9 ± 2.13 kg/m2) were randomised to a control group (CG), moderate-intensity (MEG), or vigorous-intensity exercise group (VEG). MEG and VEG performed exercise sessions three times per week, for 60 min, during a 2-week period. Physical activity was assessed using triaxial accelerometers for 13 days. Energy intake was assessed at four time-points by 24-hour food recall. Intention-to-treat analyses were performed using linear mixed effect models. RESULTS MEG and VEG presented a greater compensatory effect in the total volume of physical activity over time compared to CG, with a significant difference in the rate of change between VEG and CG (∆ = -250,503 counts vs. ∆ = -61,306 counts, respectively; p = 0.01), and MEG and CG (∆ = -253,336 counts vs. ∆ = -61,306 counts, respectively; p = 0.01). There was no difference between MEG and VEG (p = 0.97). Changes in energy intake were not different between groups (p = 0.18); however, MEG presented greater energy intake compared to CG (β=491 kcal/day; p = 0.01) and VEG (β=319 kcal/day; p = 0.07). VEG presented a greater reduction in body weight compared to MEG (-1.3 kg vs. -0.4 kg; p = 0.03) and CG (-1.3 kg vs. -0.6 kg; p = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS Two weeks of exercise promoted a compensatory effect in total volume of physical activity in active men with overweight, regardless of exercise intensity. The compensatory effect was not observed for energy intake, although there was a trend for higher absolute energy intake in the MEG. Consequently, individuals in the VEG showed greater reduction in body weight over the intervention period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Barreto Paravidino
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Physical Education and Sports, Naval Academy - Brazilian Navy, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Mauro Felippe Felix Mediano
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Disease, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Inácio Crochemore-Silva
- Post-graduate Program in Epidemiology and Post-graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil.
| | - Valéria Lima da Cruz
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Marina Maria Leite Antunes
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Kristine Beaulieu
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Catherine Gibbons
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Graham Finlayson
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - John Edward Blundell
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Rosely Sichieri
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Proença R, Albuquerque AGND, Alcantara GDC, Cruz VLD. To: Adequacy of enteral nutritional support in intensive care units does not affect short- and long-term prognosis of mechanically ventilated patients: a pilot study. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva 2020; 32:481-482. [PMID: 33053041 PMCID: PMC7595730 DOI: 10.5935/0103-507x.20200080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Proença
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil
| | | | - Geisy de Carvalho Alcantara
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil
| | - Valéria Lima da Cruz
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil
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