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Stock V, Böhmert L, Coban G, Tyra G, Vollbrecht ML, Voss L, Paul MB, Braeuning A, Sieg H. Microplastics and nanoplastics: Size, surface and dispersant - What causes the effect? Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 80:105314. [PMID: 35033651 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that humans are exposed to microplastic particles through contaminated food. Although suitable analytical methods are still lacking, it is likely that these contaminations also contain a nanoplastics fraction. It is known from nanotoxicology that particles may acquire altered toxicological properties with decreasing particle sizes. Particles can also have different surface modalities and functionalizations. Moreover, nano- and microplastics as materials with probably a relatively low toxicity are often applied at high concentrations in in vitro tests, and therefore the solvating agent, namely the dispersant in which the particles are supplied may have a major impact on the outcome. This might be misinterpreted as particle effect. Therefore, it is crucial to determine what causes the effect - size, surface or dispersant? In this study this question was investigated by applying established in vitro models for the intestinal barrier (differentiated Caco-2 monoculture and mucus- and M-cell co-culture) and hepatocytes (differentiated HepaRG cells), mimicking the oral route of particle uptake. A complex set of nine different polystyrene micro- and nanoparticles was used to elucidate the effect of particle size, surface modification and dispersant. Uptake and transport as well as biochemical endpoints were measured, complemented by particle characterization. The results show that indeed some dispersants can cause a more pronounced cytotoxic effect than the particles themselves. Surface modification and particle size show a clear influence on the uptake and cytotoxicity of nano- and microplastic particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Stock
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Linda Böhmert
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Gülcin Coban
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gina Tyra
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie-Luise Vollbrecht
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Linn Voss
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Maxi B Paul
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Albert Braeuning
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Holger Sieg
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
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2
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Voss L, Hoché E, Stock V, Böhmert L, Braeuning A, Thünemann AF, Sieg H. Intestinal and hepatic effects of iron oxide nanoparticles. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:895-905. [PMID: 33554279 PMCID: PMC7904561 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02960-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles gain increasing attention due to their broad industrial use. However, safety concerns exist since their effects on human cells are still under investigation. The presence of iron oxide nanoparticles in the food pigment E172 has been shown recently. Here, we studied four iron oxide nanoparticles, one food pigment E172 and the ionic control FeSO4 regarding dissolution in biological media, uptake and transport, and cellular effects in vitro in human intestinal Caco-2 and HepaRG hepatocarcinoma cells. The iron oxide nanoparticles passed the gastrointestinal passage without dissolution and reached the intestine in the form of particles. Minor uptake was seen into Caco-2 cells but almost no transport to the basolateral site was detected for any of the tested particles. HepaRG cells showed higher particle uptake. Caco-2 cells showed no alterations in reactive oxygen species production, apoptosis, or mitochondrial membrane potential, whereas two particles induced apoptosis in HepaRG cells, and one altered mitochondrial membrane potential at non-cytotoxic concentrations. No correlation between physicochemical particle characteristics and cellular effects was observed, thus emphasizing the need for case-by-case assessment of iron oxide nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn Voss
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisa Hoché
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Valerie Stock
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Linda Böhmert
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas F Thünemann
- German Federal Institute for Material Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Sieg
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
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3
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Paul MB, Stock V, Cara-Carmona J, Lisicki E, Shopova S, Fessard V, Braeuning A, Sieg H, Böhmert L. Micro- and nanoplastics - current state of knowledge with the focus on oral uptake and toxicity. Nanoscale Adv 2020; 2:4350-4367. [PMID: 36132901 PMCID: PMC9417819 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00539h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The production and use of plastics has constantly increased over the last 30 years. Over one third of the plastics is used in disposables, which are discarded within three years of their production. Despite efforts towards recycling, a substantial volume of debris has accumulated in the environment and is slowly degraded to micro- and nanoplastics by weathering and aging. It has recently been discovered that these small particles can enter the food chain, as for example demonstrated by the detection of microplastic particles in honey, beer, salt, sea food and recently in mineral water. Human exposure has further been documented by the detection of plastic microparticles in human feces. Potential toxic consequences of oral exposure to small plastic particles are discussed. Due to lacking data concerning exposure, biodistribution and related effects, the risk assessment of micro- and nanoplastics is still not possible. This review focuses on the oral uptake of plastic and polymer micro- and nanoparticles. Oral exposure, particle fate, changes of particle properties during ingestion and gastrointestinal digestion, and uptake and transport at the intestinal epithelium are reviewed in detail. Moreover, the interaction with intestinal and liver cells and possibly resulting toxicity are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxi B Paul
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany +49 30 18412-3718
| | - Valerie Stock
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany +49 30 18412-3718
| | - Julia Cara-Carmona
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany +49 30 18412-3718
| | - Elisa Lisicki
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany +49 30 18412-3718
| | - Sofiya Shopova
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany +49 30 18412-3718
| | - Valérie Fessard
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety 10B rue Claude Bourgelat 35306 Fougères France
| | - Albert Braeuning
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany +49 30 18412-3718
| | - Holger Sieg
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany +49 30 18412-3718
| | - Linda Böhmert
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany +49 30 18412-3718
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Frenzel F, König-Mattern L, Stock V, Voss L, Paul MB, Sieg H, Braeuning A, Voigt A, Böhmert L. NanoPASS: an easy-to-use user interface for nanoparticle dosimetry with the 3DSDD model. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:45. [PMID: 32948196 PMCID: PMC7502021 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00368-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles exhibit a specific diffusion and sedimentation behavior under cell culture conditions as used in nantoxicological in vitro testing. How a particular particle suspension behaves depends on the particular physicochemical characteristics of the particles and the cell culture system. Only a fraction of the nanoparticles applied to a cell culture will thus reach the cells within a given time frame. Therefore, dosimetric calculations are essential not only to determine the exact fraction of nanoparticles that has come into contact with the cells, but also to ensure experimental comparability and correct interpretation of results, respectively. Yet, the use of published dosimetry models is limited. Not the least because the correct application of these in silico tools usually requires bioinformatics knowledge, which often is perceived a hurdle. Moreover, not all models are freely available and accessible. In order to overcome this obstacle, we have now developed an easy-to-use interface for our recently published 3DSDD dosimetry model, called NanoPASS (NanoParticle Administration Sedimentation Simulator). The interface is freely available to all researchers. It will facilitate the use of in silico dosimetry in nanotoxicology and thus improve interpretation and comparability of in vitro results in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falko Frenzel
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura König-Mattern
- Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Chair of Process Systems Engineering, Universitätsplatz 2, 39016, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Valerie Stock
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Linn Voss
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maxi B Paul
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Sieg
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Voigt
- Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Chair of Process Systems Engineering, Universitätsplatz 2, 39016, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Linda Böhmert
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
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Voss L, Yilmaz K, Burkard L, Vidmar J, Stock V, Hoffmann U, Pötz O, Hammer HS, Peiser M, Braeuning A, Löschner K, Böhmert L, Sieg H. Impact of iron oxide nanoparticles on xenobiotic metabolism in HepaRG cells. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:4023-4035. [PMID: 32914219 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02904-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles are used in various industrial fields, as a tool in biomedicine as well as in food colorants, and can therefore reach human metabolism via oral uptake or injection. However, their effects on the human body, especially the liver as one of the first target organs is still under elucidation. Here, we studied the influence of different representative iron oxide materials on xenobiotic metabolism of HepaRG cells. These included four iron oxide nanoparticles, one commercially available yellow food pigment (E172), and non-particulate ionic control FeSO4. The nanoparticles had different chemical and crystalline structures and differed in size and shape and were used at a concentration of 50 µg Fe/mL. We found that various CYP enzymes were downregulated by some but not all iron oxide nanoparticles, with the Fe3O4-particle, both γ-Fe2O3-particles, and FeSO4 exhibiting the strongest effects, the yellow food pigment E172 showing a minor effect and an α-Fe2O3 nanoparticle leading to almost no inhibition of phase I machinery. The downregulation was seen at the mRNA, protein expression, and activity levels. Thereby, no dependency on the size or chemical structure was found. This underlines the difficulty of the grouping of nanomaterials regarding their physiological impact, suggesting that every iron oxide nanoparticle species needs to be evaluated in a case-by-case approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn Voss
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kiymet Yilmaz
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lea Burkard
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janja Vidmar
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 201, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Valerie Stock
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Hoffmann
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and University of Tübingen, Auerbachstr. 112, 70376, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Oliver Pötz
- SIGNATOPE GmbH, Markwiesenstraße 55, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Peiser
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Löschner
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 201, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Linda Böhmert
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Holger Sieg
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
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Voss L, Hsiao IL, Ebisch M, Vidmar J, Dreiack N, Böhmert L, Stock V, Braeuning A, Loeschner K, Laux P, Thünemann AF, Lampen A, Sieg H. The presence of iron oxide nanoparticles in the food pigment E172. Food Chem 2020; 327:127000. [PMID: 32454284 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxides used as food colorants are listed in the European Union with the number E172. However, there are no specifications concerning the fraction of nanoparticles in these pigments. Here, seven E172 products were thoroughly characterized. Samples of all colors were analyzed with a broad spectrum of methods to assess their physico-chemical properties. Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), zeta-potential, Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis (BET), Asymmetric Flow Field-Flow Fractionation (AF4) and in vitro cell viability measurements were used. Nanoparticles were detected in all E172 samples by TEM or SAXS measurements. Quantitative results from both methods were comparable. Five pigments were evaluated by TEM, of which four had a size median below 100 nm, while SAXS showed a size median below 100 nm for six evaluated pigments. Therefore, consumers may be exposed to iron oxide nanoparticles through the consumption of food pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn Voss
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - I-Lun Hsiao
- School of Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Master Program in Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Maximilian Ebisch
- German Federal Institute of Material Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Janja Vidmar
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 201, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Nadine Dreiack
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Linda Böhmert
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Valerie Stock
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Albert Braeuning
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Katrin Loeschner
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 201, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Peter Laux
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Andreas F Thünemann
- German Federal Institute of Material Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Holger Sieg
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
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Böhmert L, Voß L, Stock V, Braeuning A, Lampen A, Sieg H. Isolation methods for particle protein corona complexes from protein-rich matrices. Nanoscale Adv 2020; 2:563-582. [PMID: 36133244 PMCID: PMC9417621 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00537d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Background: Nanoparticles become rapidly encased by a protein layer when they are in contact with biological fluids. This protein shell is called a corona. The composition of the corona has a strong influence on the surface properties of the nanoparticles. It can affect their cellular interactions, uptake and signaling properties. For this reason, protein coronae are investigated frequently as an important part of particle characterization. Main body of the abstract: The protein corona can be analyzed by different methods, which have their individual advantages and challenges. The separation techniques to isolate corona-bound particles from the surrounding matrices include centrifugation, magnetism and chromatographic methods. Different organic matrices, such as blood, blood serum, plasma or different complex protein mixtures, are used and the approaches vary in parameters such as time, concentration and temperature. Depending on the investigated particle type, the choice of separation method can be crucial for the subsequent results. In addition, it is important to include suitable controls to avoid misinterpretation and false-positive or false-negative results, thus allowing the achievement of a valuable protein corona analysis result. Conclusion: Protein corona studies are an important part of particle characterization in biological matrices. This review gives a comparative overview about separation techniques, experimental parameters and challenges which occur during the investigation of the protein coronae of different particle types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Böhmert
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Dept. Food Safety Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany +49 (30) 18412-25800
| | - Linn Voß
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Dept. Food Safety Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany +49 (30) 18412-25800
| | - Valerie Stock
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Dept. Food Safety Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany +49 (30) 18412-25800
| | - Albert Braeuning
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Dept. Food Safety Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany +49 (30) 18412-25800
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Dept. Food Safety Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany +49 (30) 18412-25800
| | - Holger Sieg
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Dept. Food Safety Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany +49 (30) 18412-25800
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Stock V, Fahrenson C, Thuenemann A, Dönmez MH, Voss L, Böhmert L, Braeuning A, Lampen A, Sieg H. Impact of artificial digestion on the sizes and shapes of microplastic particles. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 135:111010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.111010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Stock V, Böhmert L, Dönmez MH, Lampen A, Sieg H. An inverse cell culture model for floating plastic particles. Anal Biochem 2019; 591:113545. [PMID: 31846620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.113545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Plastic waste has become a major environmental problem. An increasing number of studies investigate microplastic particles with regard to their uptake and effects in cell culture systems. Individual plastic materials vary in their molecular structure, composition, size distribution, material density, and may also differ with respect to their toxicological effects. Plastic particles with lower densities than the cell culture medium, for example polyethylene (PE), pose a particular problem for in vitro assays as they float up during the incubation and thus do not contact the cells located on the bottom of the culture dish. We thus developed a practical and easy-to-use in vitro inverse cell culture model for investigating cellular effects of floating plastic particles. Cytotoxicity tests with floating PE particles were performed to demonstrate the utility of the inverted cell model. PE particles incubated in overhead culture were cytotoxic to HepG2 cells, while under the same cultivation conditions, except for inversion, no cytotoxicity occurred. These positive results demonstrate that inverted cell culture was required to detect the effects of PE particles and underlines the necessity to adapt cell culture conditions to the physicochemical properties of particles in order to obtain a more accurate estimate of the effects of floating particles on cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Stock
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Linda Böhmert
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Merve Hilal Dönmez
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Sieg
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
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Stock V, Sutter A, Raschke M, Queisser N. A tripartite mode of action approach for investigating the impact of aneugens on tubulin polymerization. Environ Mol Mutagen 2018; 59:188-201. [PMID: 29205516 DOI: 10.1002/em.22158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemical-induced disruption of the cellular microtubule network is one key mechanism of aneugenicity. Since recent data indicate that genotoxic effects of aneugens show nonlinear dose-response relationships, margins of safety can be derived with the ultimate goal to perform a risk assessment for the support of drug development. Furthermore, microtubule-interacting compounds are widely used for cancer treatment. While there is a need to support the risk assessment of tubulin-interacting chemicals using reliable mechanistic assays, no standard assays exist to date in regulatory genotoxicity testing for the distinction of aneugenic mechanisms. Recently reported methods exclusively rely on either biochemical, morphological, or cytometric endpoints. Since data requirements for the diverse fields of application of those assays differ strongly, the use of multiple assays for a correct classification of aneugens is ideal. We here report a tripartite mode of action approach comprising a cell-free biochemical polymerization assay and the cell-based methods cellular imaging and flow cytometry. The biochemical assay measures tubulin polymerization over time whereas the two cell-based assays quantify tubulin polymer mass. We herein show that the flow cytometric method yielded IC50 values for tubulin destabilizers and EC50 values for tubulin stabilizers as well as cell cycle information. In contrast, cellular imaging complemented these findings with characteristic morphological patterns. Biochemical analysis yielded kinetic information on tubulin polymerization. This multiplex approach is able to create holistic effect profiles which can be individually customized to the research question with regard to quality, quantity, usability, and economy. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:188-201, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Stock
- Bayer AG, Investigational Toxicology, Muellerstraße 178, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - Andreas Sutter
- Bayer AG, Investigational Toxicology, Muellerstraße 178, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - Marian Raschke
- Bayer AG, Investigational Toxicology, Muellerstraße 178, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - Nina Queisser
- Bayer AG, Investigational Toxicology, Muellerstraße 178, Berlin, 13353, Germany
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Knotkova H, Soto E, Leuschner Z, Greenberg A, Stock V, Das D, Cruciani R. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for the treatment of chronic pain. The Journal of Pain 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2013.01.592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Binder A, Amtsberg G, Stock V, Bisping W. Untersuchungen zum Vorkommen von gramnegativen Anaerobiern und Clostridien in der Fäkalflora von klinisch gesunden Schweinen bzw. von Absatzferkeln mit Schweinedysenterie und nutritiver Diarrhö*. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1984.tb01319.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sibirceva U, Knotkova H, Fedman D, Cruciani R, Stock V. Secondary benefits of transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) in a patient with chronic neuropathic pain due to Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS). The Journal of Pain 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2009.01.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Karch K, Antreasyan D, Bartels HW, Besset D, Bieler C, Bienlein JK, Bizzeti A, Bloom ED, Brock I, Brockmüller K, Cabenda R, Cartacci A, Cavalli-Sforza M, Clare R, Compagnucci A, Conforto G, Cooper S, Cowan R, Coyne D, Engler A, Fairfield K, Folger G, Fridman A, Gaiser J, Gelphman D, Glaser G, Godfrey G, Graaf K, Heimlich FH, Heinsius FH, Hofstadter R, Irion J, Jakubowski Z, Janssen H, Keh S, Kiel T, Kilian H, Kirkbride I, Koiber T, Kobel M, Koch W, König AC, Königsmann K, Kraemer RW, Krüger S, Landi G, Lee S, Leffler S, Lekebusch R, Lesiak T, Litke AM, Lockman W, Lowe S, Lurz B, Marlow D, Marsiske H, Maschmann W, McBride P, Messing F, Metzger WJ, Meyer H, Monteleoni B, Muryn B, Nernst R, Niczyporul B, Nowak G, Peck C, Pelfer PG, Pollock B, Porter FC, Prindle D, Ratoff P, Reidenbach M, Renger B, Rippich C, Scheer M, Schmitt P, Schotanus J, Schütte J, Schwarz A, Sievers D, Skwarnicki T, Stock V, Strauch K, Strohbusch U, Tompkins J, Trost HJ, Uitert B, Walle RT, Vogel H, Voigt A, Volland U, Wachs K, Wacker K, Walk W, Wegener H, Williams DA, Zschorsch P. Analysis of the 33-133-133-1final state in photon-photon collisions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01881706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wachs K, Antreasyan D, Bartels HW, Bieler C, Bienlein JK, Bizzeti A, Bloom ED, Brockmüller K, Cartacci A, Cavalli-Sforza M, Clare R, Compagnucci A, Conforto G, Cooper S, Coyne D, Drews G, Fairfield K, Folger G, Fridman A, Gelphman D, Glaser G, Godfrey G, Graaf K, Heimlich FH, Heinsius FH, Hofstadter R, Irion J, Jakubowski Z, Karch K, Keh S, Kiel T, Kilian H, Kirkbride I, Kobel M, Koch W, König AC, Königsmann K, Krüger S, Landi G, Leffler S, Lekebusch R, Litke AM, Lowe S, Lurz B, Marsiske H, Maschmann W, McBride P, Meyer H, Muryn B, Metzger WJ, Monteleoni B, Niczyporuk B, Nowak G, Peck C, Pegel C, Pelfer PG, Porter FC, Reidenbach M, Scheer M, Schmitt P, Schotanus J, Schütte J, Schwarz A, Selonke F, Sievers D, Skwarnicki T, Stock V, Strauch K, Strohbusch U, Tompkins J, Uitert B, Walle RT, Voigt A, Volland U, Wacker K, Walk W, Wegener H, Williams D. The electron spectrum fromB meson decays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01565126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Jakubowski Z, Antreasyan D, Bartels HW, Besset D, Bieler C, Bienlein JK, Bizzeti A, Bloom ED, Brock I, Brockmüller K, Cabenda R, Cartacci A, Cavalli-Sforza M, Clare R, Compagnucci A, Conforto G, Cowan R, Coyne D, Drews G, Engler A, Fairfield K, Folger G, Fridman A, Gaiser J, Gelphman D, Glaser G, Godfrey G, Graaf K, Heimlich FH, Heinsius FH, Hofstadter R, Irion J, Janssen H, Karch K, Keh S, Kiel T, Kilian H, Kirkbride I, Kloiber T, Kobel M, Koch W, König AC, Königsmann K, Kraemer RW, Krüger S, Landi G, Lee R, Leffler S, Lekebusch R, Litke AM, Lockmann W, Lowe S, Lurz B, Marlow D, Marsiske H, Maschmann W, McBride P, Meyer H, Muryn B, Messing F, Metzger WJ, Monteleoni B, Nernst R, Niczyporuk B, Nowak G, Peck C, Pegel C, Pelfer PG, Pollock B, Pols C, Porter FC, Prindle D, Ratoff P, Reidenbach M, Renger B, Rippich C, Scheer M, Schmitt P, Schotanus J, Schütte J, Schwarz A, Selonke F, Sievers D, Skwarnicki T, Stock V, Strauch K, Strohbusch U, Tompkins J, Trost HJ, Uitert B, Walle RT, Vogel H, Voigt A, Volland U, Wachs K, Wacker K, Walk W, Wegener H, Williams D, Zschorsch P. Determination ofГ ee of the Υ(1S) and Υ(2S) resonances, and measurement ofR atW=9.39 GeV. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01559717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Binder A, Amtsberg G, Stock V, Bisping W. [Occurrence of Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria and clostridia in fecal flora of clinically healthy swine and weaned piglets with swine dysentery and nutritional diarrhea]. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 1984; 31:401-412. [PMID: 6475400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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