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Dalakouras A, Koidou V, Papadopoulou K. DsRNA-based pesticides: Considerations for efficiency and risk assessment. Chemosphere 2024; 352:141530. [PMID: 38401868 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
In view of the ongoing climate change and the ever-growing world population, novel agricultural solutions are required to ensure sustainable food supply. Microbials, natural substances, semiochemicals and double stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) are all considered potential low risk pesticides. DsRNAs function at the molecular level, targeting specific regions of specific genes of specific organisms, provided that they share a minimal sequence complementarity of approximately 20 nucleotides. Thus, dsRNAs may offer a great alternative to conventional chemicals in environmentally friendly pest control strategies. Any low-risk pesticide needs to be efficient and exhibit low toxicological potential and low environmental persistence. Having said that, in the current review, the mode of dsRNA action is explored and the parameters that need to be taken into consideration for the development of efficient dsRNA-based pesticides are highlighted. Moreover, since dsRNAs mode of action differs from those of synthetic pesticides, custom-made risk assessment schemes may be required and thus, critical issues related to the risk assessment of dsRNA pesticides are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Venetia Koidou
- ELGO-DIMITRA, Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, Larissa, Greece; University of Thessaly, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Larissa, Greece
| | - Kalliope Papadopoulou
- University of Thessaly, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Larissa, Greece
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2
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Kampouraki A, Tsakireli D, Koidou V, Stavrakaki M, Kaili S, Livadaras I, Grigoraki L, Ioannidis P, Roditakis E, Vontas J. Functional characterization of cytochrome P450s associated with pyrethroid resistance in the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2023; 191:105374. [PMID: 36963943 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to pyrethroid insecticides has evolved in Bactrocera oleae populations in Greece, threatening the efficacy of control interventions based on this insecticide class. Here we report the collection of populations from Crete, with resistance levels reaching up to 132-folds, compared to susceptible laboratory strains and show that pyrethroid resistance is substantially suppressed by the PBO synergist, suggesting the involvement of detoxification enzymes. To identify specific candidate genes implicated in resistance, we performed comparative transcriptomic analysis, between the pyrethroid resistant populations from Crete and the susceptible laboratory strains, using both whole bodies and Malpighian tubules. Several genes were found differentially transcribed between resistant and susceptible flies in each comparison, with P450s being among the most highly over-expressed detoxification genes in pyrethroid resistant populations. Four of the over-expressed P450s (Cyp6A61, Cyp6G6, Cyp4P6 and Cyp6G28) were recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli and in vitro metabolism assays revealed that CYP6A61 is capable of metabolizing alpha-cypermethrin, while CYP6G6, CYP4P6 and CYP6G28 are capable of metabolizing deltamethrin. No metabolism of neonicotinoid insecticides was recorded. We further silenced CYP6G6 in vivo, via RNAi, which led to a small, but significant increase in deltamethrin toxicity. The study provides valuable information towards the development of molecular diagnostics and evidence-based insecticide resistance management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Kampouraki
- Pesticide Science Lab, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 118 55 Athens, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, GR-700 13 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Dimitra Tsakireli
- Pesticide Science Lab, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 118 55 Athens, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, GR-700 13 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Venetia Koidou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, GR-700 13 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Marianna Stavrakaki
- Pesticide Science Lab, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 118 55 Athens, Greece; Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Stavroula Kaili
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, GR-700 13 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ioannis Livadaras
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, GR-700 13 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Linda Grigoraki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, GR-700 13 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Ioannidis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, GR-700 13 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Roditakis
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, 71410 Heraklion, Greece; Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre, GR-71410 Heraklion, Greece
| | - John Vontas
- Pesticide Science Lab, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 118 55 Athens, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, GR-700 13 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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3
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Siden-Kiamos I, Koidou V, Livadaras I, Skoufa E, Papadogiorgaki S, Papadakis S, Chalepakis G, Ioannidis P, Vontas J. Dynamic interactions between the symbiont Candidatus Erwinia dacicola and its olive fruit fly host Bactrocera oleae. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 146:103793. [PMID: 35618174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae, the most serious pest of olives, requires the endosymbiotic bacterium Candidatus Erwinia dacicola in order to complete its development in unripe green olives. Hence, a better understanding of the symbiosis of Ca. E. dacicola and its insect host may lead to new strategies for B. oleae control. The relative abundance of bacteria during the fly life cycle comparing black and green olives was estimated by real time quantitative PCR revealing significant fluctuations during development in black olives with a peak of the bacteria in the second instar larvae. By microscopy analysis of larvae, we show that the bacteria reside extracellularly in the gastric caeca. During the transition to late third instar larvae, the bacteria were discharged into the midgut concomitant with a change in caeca size and morphology due to the contraction of the muscles surrounding the caeca. A similar alteration was also observed in a laboratory strain devoid of bacteria. To further investigate the symbiotic interaction and the change in caeca morphology a comparative transcriptomics analysis was undertaken. Samples of dissected caeca from second and third instar larvae collected from the field as well as second instar larvae from a laboratory strain devoid of symbionts showed significant changes in transcript expression. This highlighted genes associated with the developmental changes revealed by the microscopic analysis as well as responses to microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Siden-Kiamos
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, 70013, Greece.
| | - Venetia Koidou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, 70013, Greece; Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013, Greece
| | - Ioannis Livadaras
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, 70013, Greece
| | - Evangelia Skoufa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, 70013, Greece
| | | | | | - George Chalepakis
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Ioannidis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, 70013, Greece
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, 70013, Greece; Pesticide Science Laboratory, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece.
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4
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Denecke S, Bảo Lương HN, Koidou V, Kalogeridi M, Socratous R, Howe S, Vogelsang K, Nauen R, Batterham P, Geibel S, Vontas J. Characterization of a novel pesticide transporter and P-glycoprotein orthologues in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220625. [PMID: 35582794 PMCID: PMC9114944 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticides remain one of the most effective ways of controlling agricultural and public health insects, but much is still unknown regarding how these compounds reach their targets. Specifically, the role of ABC transporters in pesticide absorption and excretion is poorly understood, especially compared to the detailed knowledge about mammalian systems. Here, we present a comprehensive characterization of pesticide transporters in the model insect Drosophila melanogaster. An RNAi screen was performed, which knocked down individual ABCs in specific epithelial tissues and examined the subsequent changes in sensitivity to the pesticides spinosad and fipronil. This implicated a novel ABC drug transporter, CG4562, in spinosad transport, but also highlighted the P-glycoprotein orthologue Mdr65 as the most impactful ABC in terms of chemoprotection. Further characterization of the P-glycoprotein family was performed via transgenic overexpression and immunolocalization, finding that Mdr49 and Mdr50 play enigmatic roles in pesticide toxicology perhaps determined by their different subcellular localizations within the midgut. Lastly, transgenic Drosophila lines expressing P-glycoprotein from the major malaria vector Anopheles gambiae were used to establish a system for in vivo characterization of this transporter in non-model insects. This study provides the basis for establishing Drosophila as a model for toxicology research on drug transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Denecke
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, 100N. Plastira Street, 700 13 Heraklion Crete, Greece
| | - Hằng Ngọc Bảo Lương
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, 100N. Plastira Street, 700 13 Heraklion Crete, Greece
| | - Venetia Koidou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, 100N. Plastira Street, 700 13 Heraklion Crete, Greece,Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Kalogeridi
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Rafaella Socratous
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Steven Howe
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kathrin Vogelsang
- Bayer AG, CropScience Division, R&D Pest Control, D-40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - Ralf Nauen
- Bayer AG, CropScience Division, R&D Pest Control, D-40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - Philip Batterham
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sven Geibel
- Bayer AG, CropScience Division, R&D Pest Control, D-40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, 100N. Plastira Street, 700 13 Heraklion Crete, Greece,Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece
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5
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Sytar O, Kotta K, Valasiadis D, Kosyan A, Brestic M, Koidou V, Papadopoulou E, Kroustalaki M, Emmanouilidou C, Pashalidis A, Avdikos I, Hilioti Z. The Effects of Photosensitizing Dyes Fagopyrin and Hypericin on Planktonic Growth and Multicellular Life in Budding Yeast. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164708. [PMID: 34443298 PMCID: PMC8398373 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Naphthodianthrones such as fagopyrin and hypericin found mainly in buckwheat (Fagopyrum spp.) and St. John’s wort (SJW) (Hypericum perforatum L.) are natural photosensitizers inside the cell. The effect of photosensitizers was studied under dark conditions on growth, morphogenesis and induction of death in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Fagopyrin and hypericin induced a biphasic and triphasic dose response in cellular growth, respectively, over a 10-fold concentration change. In fagopyrin-treated cells, disruptions in the normal cell cycle progression were evident by microscopy. DAPI staining revealed several cells that underwent premature mitosis without budding, a striking morphological abnormality. Flow Cytometric (FC) analysis using a concentration of 100 µM showed reduced cell viability by 41% in fagopyrin-treated cells and by 15% in hypericin-treated cells. FC revealed the development of a secondary population of G1 cells in photosensitizer-treated cultures characterized by small size and dense structures. Further, we show that fagopyrin and the closely related hypericin altered the shape and the associated fluorescence of biofilm-like structures. Colonies grown on solid medium containing photosensitizer had restricted growth, while cell-to-cell adherence within the colony was also affected. In conclusion, the photosensitizers under dark conditions affected culture growth, caused toxicity, and disrupted multicellular growth, albeit with different efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Sytar
- Educational and Scientific Center “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, Department of Plant Biology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrskya str., 64, 01033 Kyiv, Ukraine; (O.S.); (A.K.)
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, A. Hlinku 2, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Konstantia Kotta
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Road, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.K.); (D.V.); (V.K.); (E.P.); (M.K.); (C.E.); (A.P.); (I.A.)
| | - Dimitrios Valasiadis
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Road, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.K.); (D.V.); (V.K.); (E.P.); (M.K.); (C.E.); (A.P.); (I.A.)
| | - Anatoliy Kosyan
- Educational and Scientific Center “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, Department of Plant Biology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrskya str., 64, 01033 Kyiv, Ukraine; (O.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, A. Hlinku 2, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Venetia Koidou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Road, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.K.); (D.V.); (V.K.); (E.P.); (M.K.); (C.E.); (A.P.); (I.A.)
| | - Eleftheria Papadopoulou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Road, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.K.); (D.V.); (V.K.); (E.P.); (M.K.); (C.E.); (A.P.); (I.A.)
| | - Maria Kroustalaki
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Road, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.K.); (D.V.); (V.K.); (E.P.); (M.K.); (C.E.); (A.P.); (I.A.)
| | - Christina Emmanouilidou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Road, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.K.); (D.V.); (V.K.); (E.P.); (M.K.); (C.E.); (A.P.); (I.A.)
| | - Alexandros Pashalidis
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Road, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.K.); (D.V.); (V.K.); (E.P.); (M.K.); (C.E.); (A.P.); (I.A.)
| | - Ilias Avdikos
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Road, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.K.); (D.V.); (V.K.); (E.P.); (M.K.); (C.E.); (A.P.); (I.A.)
| | - Zoe Hilioti
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Road, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.K.); (D.V.); (V.K.); (E.P.); (M.K.); (C.E.); (A.P.); (I.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-23-1049-8273
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6
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Livadaras I, Koidou V, Pitsili E, Moustaka J, Vontas J, Siden-Kiamos I. Stably inherited transfer of the bacterial symbiont Candidatus Erwinia dacicola from wild olive fruit flies Bactrocera oleae to a laboratory strain. Bull Entomol Res 2021; 111:379-384. [PMID: 33541447 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485321000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae, the most serious pest of olives, requires the endosymbiotic bacteria Candidatus Erwinia dacicola in order to complete its development in unripe green olives. Hence a better understanding of the symbiosis of Ca. E. dacicola and its insect host may lead to new strategies for reduction of B. oleae and thus minimize its economic impact on olive production. Studies of this symbiosis are hampered as the bacterium cannot be grown in vitro and the established B. oleae laboratory populations, raised on artificial diets, are devoid of this bacterium. Here, we sought to develop a method to transfer the bacteria from wild samples to laboratory populations. We tested several strategies. Cohabitation of flies from the field with the laboratory line did not result in a stable transfer of bacteria. We provided the bacteria directly to the egg and also in the food of the larvae but neither approach was successful. However, a robust method for transfer of Ca. E. dacicola from wild larvae or adults to uninfected flies by transplantation to females was established. Single female lines were set up and the bacteria were successfully transmitted for at least three generations. These results open up the possibilities to study the interaction between the symbiont and the host under controlled conditions, in view of both understanding the molecular underpinnings of an exciting, unique in nature symbiotic relationship, as well as developing novel, innovative control approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Livadaras
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion70013, Greece
| | - Venetia Koidou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion70013, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion70013, Greece
| | - Eugenia Pitsili
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion70013, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion70013, Greece
| | - Julietta Moustaka
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion70013, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion70013, Greece
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion70013, Greece
- Department of Crop Science, Pesticide Science Laboratory, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855Athens, Greece
| | - Inga Siden-Kiamos
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion70013, Greece
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7
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Koidou V, Denecke S, Ioannidis P, Vlatakis I, Livadaras I, Vontas J. Efficient genome editing in the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae. Insect Mol Biol 2020; 29:363-372. [PMID: 32141659 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae, causes great damage to the quality and quantity of olive production worldwide. Pest management approaches have proved difficult for a variety of reasons, a fact that has brought about a need for alternative tools and approaches. Here we report for the first time in B. oleae the development of the clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) gene editing tool, using the well-known eye colour marker gene scarlet. Two synthetic guide RNAs targeting the coding region of the scarlet gene were synthesized and shown to work efficiently in vitro. These reagents were then microinjected along with purified Cas9 protein into early-stage embryos. Successful CRISPR-induced mutations of both copies of the scarlet gene showed a striking yellow eye phenotype, indicative of gene disruption. Multiple successful CRISPR events were confirmed by PCR and sequencing. The establishment of an efficient CRISPR-based gene editing tool in B. oleae will enable the study of critical molecular mechanisms in olive fruit fly biology and physiology, including the analysis of insecticide resistance mechanisms and the discovery of novel insecticide targets, as well as facilitate the development of novel biotechnology-based pest control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Koidou
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology, Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - S Denecke
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology, Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - P Ioannidis
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology, Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - I Vlatakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology, Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - I Livadaras
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology, Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - J Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology, Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Faculty of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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8
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Nibali L, Koidou V, Salomone S, Hamborg T, Allaker R, Ezra R, Zou L, Tsakos G, Gkranias N, Donos N. Minimally invasive non-surgical vs. surgical approach for periodontal intrabony defects: a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2019; 20:461. [PMID: 31351492 PMCID: PMC6660941 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3544-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontal intrabony defects are usually treated surgically with the aim of increasing attachment and bone levels and reducing risk of progression. However, recent studies have suggested that a minimally invasive non-surgical therapy (MINST) leads to considerable clinical and radiographic defect depth reductions in intrabony defects. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of a modified MINST approach with a surgical approach (modified minimally invasive surgical therapy, M-MIST) for the treatment of intrabony defects. Methods This is a parallel-group, single-centre, examiner-blind non-inferiority randomised controlled trial with a sample size of 66 patients. Inclusion criteria are age 25–70, diagnosis of periodontitis stage III or IV (grades A to C), presence of ≥ 1 ‘intrabony defect’ with probing pocket depth (PPD) > 5 mm and intrabony defect depth ≥ 3 mm. Smokers and patients who received previous periodontal treatment to the study site within the last 12 months will be excluded. Patients will be randomly assigned to either the modified MINST or the M-MIST protocol and will be assessed up to 15 months following initial therapy. The primary outcome of the study is radiographic intrabony defect depth change at 15 months follow-up. Secondary outcomes are PPD and clinical attachment level change, inflammatory markers and growth factors in gingival crevicular fluid, bacterial detection, gingival inflammation and healing (as measured by geometric thermal camera imaging in a subset of 10 test and 10 control patients) and patient-reported outcomes. Discussion This study will produce evidence about the clinical efficacy and potential applicability of a modified MINST protocol for the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects, as a less invasive alternative to the use of surgical procedures. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03797807. Registered on 9 January 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nibali
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK. .,Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - V Koidou
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
| | - S Salomone
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
| | - T Hamborg
- Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
| | - R Allaker
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
| | - R Ezra
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
| | - L Zou
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
| | - G Tsakos
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - N Gkranias
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
| | - N Donos
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
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9
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Balabanidou V, Kefi M, Aivaliotis M, Koidou V, Girotti JR, Mijailovsky SJ, Juárez MP, Papadogiorgaki E, Chalepakis G, Kampouraki A, Nikolaou C, Ranson H, Vontas J. Mosquitoes cloak their legs to resist insecticides. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20191091. [PMID: 31311476 PMCID: PMC6661348 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria incidence has halved since the year 2000, with 80% of the reduction attributable to the use of insecticides. However, insecticide resistance is now widespread, is rapidly increasing in spectrum and intensity across Africa, and may be contributing to the increase of malaria incidence in 2018. The role of detoxification enzymes and target site mutations has been documented in the major malaria vector Anopheles gambiae; however, the emergence of striking resistant phenotypes suggests the occurrence of additional mechanisms. By comparing legs, the most relevant insect tissue for insecticide uptake, we show that resistant mosquitoes largely remodel their leg cuticles via enhanced deposition of cuticular proteins and chitin, corroborating a leg-thickening phenotype. Moreover, we show that resistant female mosquitoes seal their leg cuticles with higher total and different relative amounts of cuticular hydrocarbons, compared with susceptible ones. The structural and functional alterations in Anopheles female mosquito legs are associated with a reduced uptake of insecticides, substantially contributing to the resistance phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileia Balabanidou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Mary Kefi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Greece.,Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Michalis Aivaliotis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Greece.,Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Functional Proteomics and Systems Biology (FunPATh), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Venetia Koidou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Greece.,Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Juan R Girotti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Sergio J Mijailovsky
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - M Patricia Juárez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Eva Papadogiorgaki
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - George Chalepakis
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Anastasia Kampouraki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Greece.,Pesticide Science Laboratory, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Christoforos Nikolaou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Greece.,Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Hilary Ranson
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Greece.,Pesticide Science Laboratory, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
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