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Manrique-Rodríguez S, Heras-Hidalgo I, Pernia-López MS, Herranz-Alonso A, Del Río Pisabarro MC, Suárez-Mier MB, Cubero-Pérez MA, Viera-Rodríguez V, Cortés-Rey N, Lafuente-Cabrero E, Martínez-Ortega MC, Bermejo-López E, Díez-Sáenz C, López-Sánchez P, Gaspar-Carreño ML, Achau-Muñoz R, Márquez-Peiró JF, Valera-Rubio M, Domingo-Chiva E, Aquerreta-González I, Ariño IP, Martín-Delgado MC, Herrera-Gutiérrez M, Gordo-Vidal F, Rascado-Sedes P, García-Prieto E, Fernández-Sánchez LJ, Fox-Carpentieri S, Lamela-Piteira C, Guerra-Sánchez L, Jiménez-Aguado M, Sanjurjo-Sáez M. Standardization and Chemical Characterization of Intravenous Therapy in Adult Patients: A Step Further in Medication Safety. Drugs R D 2021; 21:39-64. [PMID: 33346878 PMCID: PMC7937591 DOI: 10.1007/s40268-020-00329-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravenous drug administration is associated with potential complications, such as phlebitis. The physiochemical characteristics of the infusate play a very important role in some of these problems. AIM The aim of this study was to standardize the dilutions of intravenous drugs most commonly used in hospitalized adult patients and to characterize their pH, osmolarity and cytotoxic nature to better guide the selection of the most appropriate vascular access. METHODS The project was conducted in three phases: (i) standardization of intravenous therapy, which was conducted using a modified double-round Delphi method; (ii) characterization of the dilutions agreed on in the previous phase by means of determining the osmolarity and pH of each of the agreed concentrations, and recording the vesicant nature based on the information in literature; and (iii) algorithm proposal for selecting the most appropriate vascular access, taking into account the information gathered in the previous phases. RESULTS In total, 112 drugs were standardized and 307 different admixtures were assessed for pH, osmolarity and vesicant nature. Of these, 123 admixtures (40%), had osmolarity values >600 mOsm/L, pH < 4 or > 9, or were classified as vesicants. In these cases, selection of the most suitable route of infusion and vascular access device is crucial to minimize the risk of phlebitis-type complications. CONCLUSIONS Increasing safety of intravenous therapy should be a priority in the healthcare settings. Knowing the characteristics of drugs to assess the risk involved in their administration related to their physicochemical nature may be useful to guide decision making regarding the most appropriate vascular access and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Manrique-Rodríguez
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
- Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria (SEFH), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Irene Heras-Hidalgo
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Sagrario Pernia-López
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria (SEFH), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Herranz-Alonso
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria (SEFH), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Camino Del Río Pisabarro
- Sociedad Española de Infusión y Acceso Vascular (SEINAV), Madrid, Spain
- Nursing Department, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - M Belén Suárez-Mier
- Sociedad Española de Infusión y Acceso Vascular (SEINAV), Madrid, Spain
- Nursing Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - M Antonia Cubero-Pérez
- Sociedad Española de Infusión y Acceso Vascular (SEINAV), Madrid, Spain
- Nursing Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Viera-Rodríguez
- Sociedad Española de Infusión y Acceso Vascular (SEINAV), Madrid, Spain
- Nursing Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Noemí Cortés-Rey
- Sociedad Española de Infusión y Acceso Vascular (SEINAV), Madrid, Spain
- Nursing Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, La Coruña, Spain
| | - Elizabeth Lafuente-Cabrero
- Sociedad Española de Infusión y Acceso Vascular (SEINAV), Madrid, Spain
- Nursing Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Carmen Martínez-Ortega
- Sociedad Española de Infusión y Acceso Vascular (SEINAV), Madrid, Spain
- Preventive Medicine, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Esther Bermejo-López
- Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva Crítica y Unidades Coronarias (SEMICYUC), Madrid, Spain
- Intensive Care Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Díez-Sáenz
- Nursing Department (Intensive Care), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Piedad López-Sánchez
- Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria (SEFH), Madrid, Spain
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital General de Tomelloso, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M Luisa Gaspar-Carreño
- Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria (SEFH), Madrid, Spain
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital Intermutual de Levante, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rubén Achau-Muñoz
- Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria (SEFH), Madrid, Spain
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital Intermutual de Levante, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan F Márquez-Peiró
- Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria (SEFH), Madrid, Spain
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital Perpetuo Socorro, Alicante, Spain
| | - Marta Valera-Rubio
- Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria (SEFH), Madrid, Spain
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Esther Domingo-Chiva
- Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria (SEFH), Madrid, Spain
- Pharmacy Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - Irene Aquerreta-González
- Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria (SEFH), Madrid, Spain
- Pharmacy Department, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Pellín Ariño
- Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva Crítica y Unidades Coronarias (SEMICYUC), Madrid, Spain
- Intensive Care Department, Hospital de Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Cruz Martín-Delgado
- Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva Crítica y Unidades Coronarias (SEMICYUC), Madrid, Spain
- Intensive Care Department, Hospital de Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Herrera-Gutiérrez
- Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva Crítica y Unidades Coronarias (SEMICYUC), Madrid, Spain
- Intensive Care Department, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Federico Gordo-Vidal
- Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva Crítica y Unidades Coronarias (SEMICYUC), Madrid, Spain
- Intensive Care Department, Hospital Universitario del Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Rascado-Sedes
- Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva Crítica y Unidades Coronarias (SEMICYUC), Madrid, Spain
- Intensive Care Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, La Coruña, Spain
| | - Emilio García-Prieto
- Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva Crítica y Unidades Coronarias (SEMICYUC), Madrid, Spain
- Intensive Care Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Sara Fox-Carpentieri
- Nursing Department, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Carlos Lamela-Piteira
- Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria (SEFH), Madrid, Spain
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital Álvarez-Buylla, Mieres, Spain
| | - Luis Guerra-Sánchez
- Nursing Department (Coronary Unit), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Jiménez-Aguado
- Nursing Department (Coronary Unit), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Sanjurjo-Sáez
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria (SEFH), Madrid, Spain
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