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Trullols C, Ausina V. The Spanish Society of Epidemiology and Oral Public Health. Community Dent Health 2020; 37:172-173. [PMID: 32877575 DOI: 10.1922/cdh_sept20editorial02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In 2019 the Sociedad Española de Epidemiología y Salud Pública Oral (SESPO, The Spanish Society of Epidemi- ology and Oral Public Health) approached BASCD and EADPH about using Community Dental Health as their offi cial journal. Very pleasant discussions between all parties mean that henceforth, SESPO will translate the abstracts of all papers published in Community Dental Health so that they may be placed on our website. The SESPO website will link to the translated abstracts.
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Lacoma A, Cano V, Moranta D, Regueiro V, Domínguez-Villanueva D, Laabei M, González-Nicolau M, Ausina V, Prat C, Bengoechea JA. Investigating intracellular persistence of Staphylococcus aureus within a murine alveolar macrophage cell line. Virulence 2017; 8:1761-1775. [PMID: 28762868 PMCID: PMC5810471 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1361089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Staphylococcus aureus is a particularly difficult pathogen to eradicate from the respiratory tract. Previous studies have highlighted the intracellular capacity of S.aureus in several phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells. The aim of this study was to define S.aureus interaction within a murine alveolar macrophage cell line. Methods: Cell line MH-S was infected with Newman strain. Molecular mechanisms involved in phagocytosis were explored. To assess whether S.aureus survives intracellularly quantitative (gentamicin protection assays and bacterial plating) and qualitative analysis (immunofluorescence microscopy) were performed. Bacterial colocalization with different markers of the endocytic pathway was examined to characterize its intracellular trafficking. Results: We found that S.aureus uptake requires host actin polymerization, microtubule assembly and activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling. Time course experiments showed that Newman strain was able to persist within macrophages at least until 28.5 h post infection. We observed that intracellular bacteria are located inside an acidic subcellular compartment, which co-localizes with the late endosome/lysosome markers Lamp-1, Rab7 and RILP. Colocalization counts with TMR-dextran might reflect a balance between bacterial killing and intracellular survival. Conclusions: This study indicates that S.aureus persists and replicates inside murine alveolar macrophages, representing a privileged niche that can potentially offer protection from antimicrobial activity and immunological host defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lacoma
- a Servei de Microbiologia , Hospital Universitari "Germans Trias i Pujol," Institut en Ciències de la Salut "Germans Trias i Pujol," Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Badalona , Spain.,b CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain
| | - V Cano
- b CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain.,c Laboratory "Infection and Immunity," Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (FISIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa) , Palma , Spain
| | - D Moranta
- b CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain.,c Laboratory "Infection and Immunity," Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (FISIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa) , Palma , Spain
| | - V Regueiro
- b CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain.,c Laboratory "Infection and Immunity," Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (FISIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa) , Palma , Spain
| | - D Domínguez-Villanueva
- a Servei de Microbiologia , Hospital Universitari "Germans Trias i Pujol," Institut en Ciències de la Salut "Germans Trias i Pujol," Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Badalona , Spain
| | - M Laabei
- a Servei de Microbiologia , Hospital Universitari "Germans Trias i Pujol," Institut en Ciències de la Salut "Germans Trias i Pujol," Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Badalona , Spain
| | - M González-Nicolau
- b CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain.,c Laboratory "Infection and Immunity," Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (FISIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa) , Palma , Spain
| | - V Ausina
- a Servei de Microbiologia , Hospital Universitari "Germans Trias i Pujol," Institut en Ciències de la Salut "Germans Trias i Pujol," Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Badalona , Spain.,b CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain
| | - C Prat
- a Servei de Microbiologia , Hospital Universitari "Germans Trias i Pujol," Institut en Ciències de la Salut "Germans Trias i Pujol," Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Badalona , Spain.,b CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain
| | - J A Bengoechea
- b CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain.,c Laboratory "Infection and Immunity," Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (FISIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa) , Palma , Spain.,d Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Madrid , Spain.,e Centre for Experimental Medicine , Queen's University Belfast , UK
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Jiménez M, Bolaños J, Cuesta M, Bascuñana E, Saludes V, Matas L, Reinhardt B, Ausina V, Martró E. Evaluation of a novel assay for hepatitis C virus genotype 1 subtyping. J Clin Virol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.08.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Molina-Moya B, Lacoma A, Prat C, Pimkina E, Diaz J, García-Sierra N, Haba L, Maldonado J, Samper S, Ruiz-Manzano J, Ausina V, Dominguez J. Diagnostic accuracy study of multiplex PCR for detecting tuberculosis drug resistance. J Infect 2015; 71:220-30. [PMID: 25936742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the diagnostic accuracy of a multiplex real-time PCR (Anyplex II MTB/MDR/XDR, Seegene, Corea) that detects Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RIF), fluoroquinolones (FLQ) and injectable drugs (kanamycin [KAN], amikacin [AMK] and capreomycin [CAP]) in isolates and specimens. METHODS One hundred fourteen cultured isolates and 73 sputum specimens were retrospectively selected. Results obtained with multiplex PCR were compared with those obtained with BACTEC. Discordant results between multiplex PCR and BACTEC were tested by alternative molecular methods. RESULTS Sensitivity and specificity of multiplex PCR for detecting drug resistance in isolates were 76.5% and 100%, respectively, for INH; 97.2% and 96.0%, respectively, for RIF; 70.4% and 87.9%, respectively, for FLQ; 81.5% and 84.8%, respectively, for KAN; 100% and 60%, respectively, for AMK, and 100% and 72.3%, respectively, for CAP. Sensitivity and specificity of Anyplex for detecting drug resistance in specimens were 93.3% and 100%, respectively, for INH; 100% and 100%, respectively, for RIF; 50.0% and 100%, respectively, for FLQ; and 100% and 94.4%, respectively, for both KAN and CAP. Among the discordant results, 87.7% (71/81) of results obtained with the multiplex PCR were concordant with at least one of the alternative molecular methods. CONCLUSIONS This multiplex PCR may be a useful tool for the rapid identification of drug resistant tuberculosis in isolates and specimens, thus allowing an initial therapeutic approach. Nevertheless, for a correct management of patients, results should be confirmed by a phenotypic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Molina-Moya
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carretera del Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - A Lacoma
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carretera del Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - C Prat
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carretera del Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - E Pimkina
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis Hospital, Affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - J Diaz
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carretera del Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - N García-Sierra
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carretera del Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - L Haba
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carretera del Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | | | - S Samper
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Zaragoza, Spain; Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J Ruiz-Manzano
- Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carretera del Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - V Ausina
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carretera del Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - J Dominguez
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carretera del Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
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Molina-Moya B, Lacoma A, Prat C, Diaz J, Dudnyk A, Haba L, Maldonado J, Samper S, Ruiz-Manzano J, Ausina V, Dominguez J. AID TB resistance line probe assay for rapid detection of resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical samples. J Infect 2014; 70:400-8. [PMID: 25305498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the sensitivity and specificity of AID TB Resistance line probe assay (AID Diagnostika, Germany) to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its resistance to first- and second-line drugs in clinical samples using BACTEC 460TB as the reference standard. METHODS The test consists on three strips to detect resistance to isoniazid/rifampicin, fluoroquinolones/ethambutol, and kanamycin/amikacin/capreomycin/streptomycin, respectively. This test was performed on 65 retrospectively selected clinical samples corresponding to 32 patients. RESULTS A valid result was obtained for 92.3% (60/65), 90.8% (59/65) and 78.5% (51/65) of the samples tested, considering the three strips, respectively. Global concordance rates between AID and BACTEC for detecting resistance to isoniazid, rifampicin, fluoroquinolones, ethambutol, kanamycin/capreomycin and streptomycin were 98.3% (59/60), 100% (60/60), 91.5% (54/59), 72.9% (43/59), 100% (51/51) and 98.0% (50/51), respectively. Regarding the discordant results obtained between AID and BACTEC, the alternative molecular methods performed (GenoType MTBDRplus, GenoType MTBDRsl [Hain Lifescience, Germany] and/or pyrosequencing) confirmed the genotypic result in 90.9% (20/22) of the cases. CONCLUSIONS AID line probe assay is a useful tool for the rapid detection of drug resistance in clinical samples enabling an initial therapeutic approach. Nevertheless, for a correct management of drug resistant tuberculosis patients, molecular results should be confirmed by a phenotypic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Molina-Moya
- Servei de Microbiologia Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carretera del Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - A Lacoma
- Servei de Microbiologia Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carretera del Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - C Prat
- Servei de Microbiologia Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carretera del Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - J Diaz
- Servei de Microbiologia Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carretera del Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - A Dudnyk
- Department of Tuberculosis, Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Vinnitsa National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnitsa, Ukraine
| | - L Haba
- Servei de Microbiologia Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carretera del Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | | | - S Samper
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Zaragoza, Spain; Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J Ruiz-Manzano
- Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - V Ausina
- Servei de Microbiologia Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carretera del Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - J Dominguez
- Servei de Microbiologia Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carretera del Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
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Latorre I, Díaz J, Mialdea I, Serra-Vidal M, Altet N, Prat C, Díez N, Escribano A, Casas I, Rodrigo C, Ausina V, Ruhwald M, Domínguez J. IP-10 is an accurate biomarker for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in children. J Infect 2014; 69:590-9. [PMID: 24975172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Performance of IFN-γ assays in children is compromised. Therefore, we investigated the utility of IP-10 for the detection of active tuberculosis (TB) and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) diagnosis in children; comparing its positivity with QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFN-G-IT) and T-SPOT.TB. METHODS We studied 230 children from three groups: active TB, screening (healthy children without known exposure to active TB patient screened at school or by their paediatrician) and contact-tracing studies. IFN-γ release was determined by QFN-G-IT and T-SPOT.TB. IP-10 was detected in QFN-G-IT supernatants by ELISA. RESULTS When combining QFN-G-IT and IP-10 assays, positive results improved significantly from 38.3% in QFN-G-IT and 33.9% in IP-10 to 41.3%. Age and type of contact were significant risk factors associated with positive QFN-G-IT and IP-10 results. IP-10 levels after antigen-specific stimulation were significantly higher in comparison to IFN-γ levels. Correlation between the three assays was good (κ = 0.717-0.783). CONCLUSIONS IP-10 cytokine is expressed in response to TB specific-antigens used in QFN-G-IT. In conclusion, the use of IFN-γ T-cell based assays in combination with an additional IP-10 assay detection could be useful for diagnosing active TB and LTBI in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Latorre
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Spain
| | - J Díaz
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Spain
| | - I Mialdea
- Unidad de Neumología Infantil, Hospital Clínico Universitario Valencia, Universidad de Valencia, Spain
| | - M Serra-Vidal
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Spain
| | - N Altet
- Unidad de Prevención y Control de la Tuberculosis de Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - C Prat
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Spain
| | - N Díez
- Unidad de Neumología Infantil, Hospital Clínico Universitario Valencia, Universidad de Valencia, Spain
| | - A Escribano
- Unidad de Neumología Infantil, Hospital Clínico Universitario Valencia, Universidad de Valencia, Spain
| | - I Casas
- Servei de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - C Rodrigo
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Servei de Pediatria, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - V Ausina
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Spain
| | - M Ruhwald
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Domínguez
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Spain.
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González V, Gomes-Fernandes M, Bascuñana E, Casanovas S, Saludes V, Jordana-Lluch E, Matas L, Ausina V, Martró E. Accuracy of a commercially available assay for HCV genotyping and subtyping in the clinical practice. J Clin Virol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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González V, Gomes-Fernandes M, Bascuñana E, Casanovas S, Saludes V, Jordana-Lluch E, Matas L, Ausina V, Martró E. Accuracy of a commercially available assay for HCV genotyping and subtyping in the clinical practice. J Clin Virol 2013; 58:249-53. [PMID: 23731847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotyping is mandatory for tailoring dose and duration of pegylated interferon-α plus ribavirin treatment and for deciding on triple therapy eligibility. Additionally, subtyping may play a role in helping to select future treatment regimens that include directly-acting antivirals. However, commercial assays for HCV genotyping fail to identify the genotype/subtype in some cases. OBJECTIVE Our aims were (i) to determine the success rate of the commercial genotyping assay Abbott RealTime HCV Genotype II at identifying the genotype and the HCV-1 subtype; and (ii) to phylogenetically characterise the obtained indeterminate results. STUDY DESIGN HCV genotyping results obtained between 2009 and 2012 in a Spanish reference hospital were reviewed. A total of 896 people were genotyped with the Abbott RealTime HCV Genotype II assay. Specimens with an indeterminate result were retrospectively genotyped using the reference method based on the phylogenetic analysis of HCV NS5B sequences. RESULTS Using the commercially available assay, an indeterminate HCV genotype result was obtained in 20 of 896 patients (2.2%); these corresponded to genotypes 3a, 3k and 4d. Importantly, 8.6% of all cases where genotype 3 was detected were indeterminate. In addition, the HCV-1 subtype was not assigned in 29 of 533 cases (5.4%). CONCLUSIONS The implementation in the clinical microbiology laboratory of the reference method for HCV genotyping allows indeterminate genotype/subtype results to be interpreted and may lead to the identification of previously uncharacterised subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria González
- Microbiology Service, Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
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Lacoma A, Rodríguez N, Prat C, Ruiz-Manzano J, Andreo F, Ramírez A, Bas A, Pérez M, Ausina V, Domínguez J. Usefulness of consecutive biomarkers measurement in the management of community-acquired pneumonia. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 31:825-33. [PMID: 21870054 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-011-1381-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether procalcitonin (PCT), neopterin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and mid regional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP) levels at admission and during the clinical course can be useful for the management of patients with pneumonia. The study population consisted of 75 patients with clinical and radiological diagnosis of pneumonia. Serum samples were collected at admission and during hospitalization. Complications were defined as intensive care unit (ICU) admission or death. The levels of PCT were significantly higher in pneumonia of definite bacterial origin in comparison to probable bacterial or unknown origin. The PCT levels were higher in pneumococcal pneumonia. The PCT and MR-proANP levels increased significantly according to the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI). All biomarkers levels are higher in patients developing complications and who were dying. The serial levels of MR-proANP remain significantly elevated in patients developing complications and in patients classified in PSI and CURB-65 risk groups. In patients not developing complications, there is a significant decrease in the PCT levels. PCT can be useful for identifying pneumonia etiology. PCT and MR-proANP levels correlate with pneumonia severity rules. PCT and MR-proANP serial measurements can be useful for predicting short-term prognosis. Systemic biomarkers can provide additional information regarding clinical evolution, because these are dynamic and can be measured daily.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lacoma
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carretera del Canyet s/n, 08916, Barcelona, Spain
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Fuenzalida L, Blanco S, Prat C, Vivancos M, Dominguez MJ, Mòdol JM, Rodrigo C, Ausina V. Utility of the rapid antigen detection BinaxNOW Influenza A&B test for detection of novel influenza A (H1N1) virus. Clin Microbiol Infect 2011; 16:1574-6. [PMID: 20047602 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.03160.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal aspirates, collected during outbreaks, of the novel influenza A (H1N1) virus in Barcelona, were used to compare the accuracy of a rapid antigen-based test (Binax) with the real-time RT-PCR assay developed by the CDC. The sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of the rapid test are higher in patients less than 18 years old and during the acute stage of the epidemic than in adult patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fuenzalida
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Department de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
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Fuenzalida L, Fabrega J, Blanco S, Del Mar Martinez M, Prat C, Pérez M, Ramil C, Domínguez J, Ausina V, Rodrigo C. Usefulness of two new methods for diagnosing metapneumovirus infections in children. Clin Microbiol Infect 2011; 16:1663-8. [PMID: 20156218 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2010.03192.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is associated with acute respiratory tract infections, mainly in paediatric patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of two new commercial techniques available for the detection of hMPV in clinical samples from children: an enzyme immunoassay, hMPV EIA (Biotrin International Ltd), and a molecular assay, real-time RT-PCR (Pro hMPV Real Time Assay Kit; Prodesse). A total of 184 nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens from 173 children aged less than 5 years who were hospitalized with acute wheezing were analysed. Respiratory syncytial virus was detected in 27% of the samples, followed by influenza A virus (6%), parainfluenza virus (PIV)3 (2.2%), adenovirus (2%), PIV1 (1.1%), PIV2 (1.1%), and influenza B virus (0.5%). The presence of hMPV was tested in all samples, using the real-time RT-PCR and EIA. Real-time RT-PCR detected 13 hMPV-positive samples (8%), and EIA detected 17 (9.3%). When the EIA results were compared with those of real-time RT-PCR for the detection of hMPV, a good correlation was found (94%). A relatively low co-infection rate (15%) was observed in our patients. RT-PCR and EIA provide robust methods for the diagnosis of hMPV infection in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fuenzalida
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.
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Latorre I, De Souza-Galvão M, Ruiz-Manzano J, Lacoma A, Prat C, Altet N, Ausina V, Domínguez J. Evaluating the non-tuberculous mycobacteria effect in the tuberculosis infection diagnosis. Eur Respir J 2010; 35:338-42. [PMID: 20123845 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00196608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the role of previous non-tuberculous mycobacteria sensitisation in children as a factor of discordant results between tuberculin skin test (TST) and an in vitro T-cell based assay (T-SPOT.TB; Oxford Immunotec, Oxford, UK). We enrolled 21 non-bacille Calmette-Guérin-vaccinated paediatric patients for suspicious of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). These patients yielded a positive TST and a negative T-SPOT.TB. Cells were stimulated with Mycobacterium avium sensitin (having cross-reaction with Mycobacterium intracellulare and Mycobacterium scrofulaceum) and the presence of reactive T-cells was determined by an ex vivo ELISPOT. From the 21 patients, in 10 cases (47.6%), we obtained a positive ELISPOT result after stimulation with M. avium sensitin, in six (28.6%) cases, the result was negative and in the remaining five (23.8%) cases, the result was indeterminate. In conclusion, previous non-tuberculous mycobacteria sensitisation induces false-positive results in the TST for diagnosing LTBI and the use of gamma-interferon tests could avoid unnecessary chemoprophylaxis treatment among a child population.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Latorre
- Servei de Microbiologia, Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera del Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona Barcelona Spain
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13
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Fuenzalida L, Blanco S, Prat C, Vivancos M, Dominguez M, Mòdol J, Rodrigo C, Ausina V. Utility of the rapid antigen detection BinaxNOW Influenza A&B test for detection of novel influenza A (H1N1) virus. Clin Microbiol Infect 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2010.03160.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Altet-Gomez N, De Souza-Galvao M, Latorre I, Mila C, Jimenez MA, Solsona J, Cantos A, Zamora JJ, Ruiz-Manzano J, Ausina V, Dominguez J. Diagnosing TB infection in children: analysis of discordances using in vitro tests and the tuberculin skin test. Eur Respir J 2010; 37:1166-74. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00022710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Latorre I, De Souza-galvao M, Ruiz-manzano J, Lacoma A, Prat C, Altet N, Ausina V, Dominguez J. Discordance between TSTs and IFN- release assays: the role of NTM and the relevance of mycobacterial sensitins. Eur Respir J 2010. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00033510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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16
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Quesada MD, Giménez M, Molinos S, Fernández G, Sánchez MD, Rivelo R, Ramírez A, Banqué G, Ausina V. Performance of VITEK-2 Compact and overnight MicroScan panels for direct identification and susceptibility testing of Gram-negative bacilli from positive FAN BacT/ALERT blood culture bottles. Clin Microbiol Infect 2009; 16:137-40. [PMID: 19778301 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02907.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe the reliability of the VITEK-2 Compact and overnight MicroScan panels for direct identification and susceptibility testing from the BacT/ALERT blood culture system when using FAN (FA and FN) bottles. A simple procedure, in two centrifugation steps, was designed to remove the charcoal particles present in FA and FN bottles. A total of 113 positive blood cultures showing Gram-negative rods were investigated. Enterobacteriaceae were isolated in 104 cases, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in nine. The MicroScan system correctly identified 106 (93.8%) of the 113 isolates. The seven identificaction errors included P. aeruginosa (three), Enterobacter cloacae (one), Escherichia coli (one), Klebsiella oxytoca (one), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (one). The VITEK-2 system correctly identified 109 (96.5%) of the 113 samples obtained directly from the blood culture bottles. The four unidentified isolates were Enterobacter cloacae (two), Escherichia coli (one), and P. aeruginosa (one). MicroScan yielded 4/779 (0.5%) very major errors and 28/2825 (0.9%) minor errors. VITEK-2 yielded 2/550 (0.36%) very major errors, 1/1718 (0.05%) major error, and 32/2373 (1.3%) minor errors. Both systems provided excellent identification (correlation of >90%) and susceptibility (correlation of >98%) results. The average times required to obtain identification and susceptibility results using the direct test applied to the VITEK-2 Compact system were 4.57 +/- 1.37 h and 6.52 +/- 1.64 h, respectively. The VITEK-2 compact system provided results on the same day that the blood culture was found to be positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Quesada
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
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Ortega L, Sierra M, Domínguez J, Martínez J, Matas L, Bastart F, Galí N, Ausina V. Utility of a pneumonia severity index in the optimization of the diagnostic and therapeutic effort for community-acquired pneumonia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 37:657-63. [PMID: 16126566 DOI: 10.1080/00365540510027174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the utility of the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) developed by Fine et al. as a tool to streamline diagnostic and therapeutic effort. Site of care of patients was recommended in accordance with the PSI class: classes I and II underwent treatment at home and classes III, IV, and V were hospitalized. Class I comprised 37 patients; class II had 30, class III had 20, class IV had 31, and class V had 10 patients. 80 patients were admitted into the hospital, 3 of whom required admittance to the intensive care unit, and 48 were managed as outpatients from the emergency room. Overall mortality was 4 patients (3.1%). Of these, 3 belonged to class IV and 1 to class V. The aetiological diagnosis was obtained in 53.9% of the cases (69/128). If classes I to III are analysed together, the percentage of aetiological diagnoses was 47% (41/87), increasing to 68% (28/41) for patients in classes IV and V. In our experience Fine's PSI classification, with rationalization and adaptation to the particularities of each centre, is an effective tool for deciding on hospitalization for selecting the most suitable battery of diagnostic tests based on cost-benefit criteria. However, it is inadequate for young patients with hypoxia or pleural effusion. Therefore, although hospitalization of patients with pneumonia should be mainly based on clinical criteria, Fine's PSI classification could help physicians in making more rational decisions in this respect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Ortega
- Servicios de Medicina Interna, SCIAS-Hospital de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Prat C, Sancho JM, Domínguez J, Xicoy B, Giménez M, Ferrà C, Blanco S, Lacoma A, Ribera JM, Ausina V. Evaluation of procalcitonin, neopterin, C-reactive protein, IL-6 and IL-8 as a diagnostic marker of infection in patients with febrile neutropenia. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 49:1752-61. [DOI: 10.1080/10428190802258956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Cardona P, Asensio JG, Arbués A, Otal I, Lafoz C, Gil O, Caceres N, Ausina V, Gicquel B, Martin C. Extended safety studies of the attenuated live tuberculosis vaccine SO2 based on phoP mutant. Vaccine 2009; 27:2499-505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2008] [Revised: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Saludes V, Martro E, Bracho B, Bascuñana E, González V, Matas L, Ardèvol M, Planas R, González-Candelas F, Ausina V. P.005 Clinical and virological factors associated with failure to combination treatment in patients chronically infected with HCV-1b. J Clin Virol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1386-6532(08)70068-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Hernández A, Carrasco M, Ausina V. Mycobactericidal activity of chlorine dioxide wipes in a modified prEN 14563 test. J Hosp Infect 2008; 69:384-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2008.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2007] [Accepted: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Vilaplana C, Ruiz-Manzano J, Gil O, Cuchillo F, Montané E, Singh M, Spallek R, Ausina V, Cardona PJ. The Tuberculin Skin Test Increases the Responses Measured by T Cell Interferon-Gamma Release Assays. Scand J Immunol 2008; 67:610-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2008.02103.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Blanco S, Prat C, Sánchez MD, Ferrer D, Pellicer T, Haba L, Latorre I, Vilaplana C, Ausina V, Domínguez J. Evaluation of a Legionella urinary antigen enzyme immunoassay for rapid detection of Legionella pneumophila in water samples. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2008; 211:168-71. [PMID: 17392021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2007.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2006] [Revised: 12/12/2006] [Accepted: 02/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in medium formulations and pretreatment techniques, recovery of Legionella from water samples can still be quite low, difficult and time consuming. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of a Legionella urinary antigen enzyme immunoassay (Bartels ELISA, Trinity Biotech, Ireland) for the detection of Legionella in water samples. Reference ATCC Legionella strains were used to spike water samples to a final concentration of 10(4)-10(5)cfu/ml. The lower detection limit of the test for all Legionella pneumophila serogroups was assessed by serial dilutions of spiked water samples. Legionella antigen was detected in all filtered samples except for those spiked with L. bozemanii and L. longbeachae. The lower detection limit for soluble L. pneumophila serogroup 1 antigen was 780cfu/ml. Bartels ELISA could be a useful method for antigen detection in water samples when a high recovery of L. pneumophila is suspected. The test could be used as a rapid screening method for the detection of Legionella in a large number of samples. However, the low sensitivity of the test requires to keep on performing conventional culture for isolation and for further studies on isolated bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Blanco
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Bartolí R, Mañé J, Cabré E, Lorenzo-Zúñiga V, Planas R, Viñado B, Ausina V, Gassull MA. Effect of the administration of fermentable and non-fermentable dietary fibre on intestinal bacterial translocation in ascitic cirrhotic rats. Clin Nutr 2007; 26:383-7. [PMID: 17376565 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2007.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2006] [Revised: 11/13/2006] [Accepted: 01/31/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial infections are frequent in cirrhosis. Experimental studies suggest a pathogenic role of intestinal bacterial translocation in them. Both fermentable and non-fermentable fibre avoided intestinal bacterial translocation (IBT) in animal models of gut starvation and critical illness. AIM To assess the effect of fermentable (pectin) or non-fermentable (lignin) fibre on IBT in ascitic cirrhotic rats. METHODS Thirty-six rats induced to cirrhosis with oral CCl4 were randomized (6 weeks after the first CCl4 dose) to receive rat chow+5% lignin (LIG, n=13), rat chow+5% pectin (PEC, n=13), or rat chow only (CON, n=10). Once ascites developed, animals were laparotomized and samples of mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), ascitic fluid, portal and peripheral blood and liver, were obtained for culture. RESULTS IBT rate was: LIG=5/13, PEC=4/13, CON=5/10 (P=N.S.). The median amount of translocated bacteria in rats with IBT was lower in the PEC group (2 x 10(2) CFU/g MLN), than in LIG (10(5) CFU/g MLN) and CON (10(4) CFU/g MLN) groups (P<0.05). All other samples were sterile except for a portal blood sample (Enterococcus faecalis) of the LIG group. CONCLUSIONS IBT incidence is not decreased by either pectin or lignin in ascitic cirrhotic rats, but pectin supplementation reduces the amount of translocated bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Bartolí
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera del Canyet s/n, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
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De Souza Galvao M, Latorre I, Mila C, Jimenez M, Prat C, Altet N, Haba L, Perez M, Ruiz-Manzano J, Ausina V, Dominguez J. O474 Utility of the IFN-g assays using Mycobacterium tuberculosis -specific antigens for the diagnosis of latent infection in contacts of people with sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)70318-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Domínguez J, Andreo F, Blanco S, Ruiz-Manzano J, Prat C, Latorre I, Galí N, Rivelo R, Matas L, Ausina V. Rapid detection of pneumococcal antigen in serum samples for diagnosing pneumococcal pneumonia. J Infect 2006; 53:21-4. [PMID: 16269180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2005.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2005] [Revised: 09/12/2005] [Accepted: 09/13/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study is to assess the usefulness of C polysaccharide and polysaccharide capsular antigen detection by immunochromatography (ICT) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA), respectively, in serum samples for diagnosing pneumococcal pneumonia. METHODS Adult patients included in the study were classified in the following groups: In group 1 we studied 101 serum samples from patients with pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae. In 53 cases the pneumonia was bacteremic. The second group contained 113 serum samples from patients with no pneumococcal pneumonia. Group 3 was made up of 40 serum samples from healthy subjects with no clinical or radiological signs of pneumonia. RESULTS Using ICT, antigen was detected in 50% of patients with pneumococcal pneumonia, in 64.3 and 40.9% of patients with bacteremic and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia, respectively. Using EIA, antigens were detected in 35.8% of patients with pneumococcal pneumonia, in 45 and 22.2% of patients with bacteremic and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the sensitivity of the tests is low. However, in special situations, where obtaining large volume of urine is difficult, they could be a complementary method in the rapid diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Domínguez
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Andreo F, Domínguez J, Ruiz-Manzano J, Prat C, Blanco S, Lores L, Sánchez MD, Latorre I, Giménez M, Ausina V. Usefulness of pneumococcal antigen detection in pleural fluid samples by immunochromatographic assay for diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia. Clin Microbiol Infect 2006; 12:682-4. [PMID: 16774569 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01484.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the utility of an immunochromatographic test (ICT) for the detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae antigens in pleural fluid. Antigen was detected in 15 of 19 (79%) patients with pneumococcal pneumonia. The ICT was always negative in patients with non-pneumococcal pneumonia, but was positive in three cases with a non-infectious aetiology. In patients with pneumonia for which no pathogen was identified, antigen was detected in one of 24 pleural fluids tested. The ICT can be a valuable tool for the management of pneumonia because it can detect pneumococcal antigen in pleural effusion samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Andreo
- Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital de Sant Boi, Barcelona, Spain
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Gordillo S, Guirado E, Gil O, Díaz J, Amat I, Molinos S, Vilaplana C, Ausina V, Cardona PJ. Usefulness of acr Expression for Monitoring Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Bacilli in 'In Vitro' and 'In Vivo' Experimental Models. Scand J Immunol 2006; 64:30-9. [PMID: 16784488 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2006.01765.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Real-time RT-PCR was used to quantify the expression of genes possibly involved in Mycobacterium tuberculosis latency in in vitro and murine models. Exponential and stationary phase (EP and SP) bacilli were exposed to decreasing pH levels (from 6.5 to 4.5) in an unstirred culture, and mRNA levels for 16S rRNA, sigma factors sigA,B,E,F,G,H and M, Rv0834c, icl, nirA, narG, fpbB, acr, rpoA, recA and cysH were quantified. The expression of acr was the one that best correlated with the CFU decrease observed in SP bacilli. In the murine model, the expressions of icl, acr and sigF tended to decrease when bacillary counts increased and vice versa. Values from immunodepressed mice (e.g. alpha/beta T cells, TNF, IFN-gamma and iNOs knock out strains), with accelerated bacillary growth rate, confirmed this fact. Finally, the expression of acr was maintained in mice following long-term treatment with antibiotics. The quantification of acr expression could be useful for monitoring the presence of latent bacilli in some murine models of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gordillo
- Unitat de Tuberculosi Experimental, Department of Microbiology, Fundació Institut per a la Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
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Domínguez J, Forné M, Blanco S, Prat C, Galí N, Latorre I, Viver JM, Ausina V. Comparison of a monoclonal with a polyclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassay stool test in diagnosing Helicobacter pylori infection before and after eradication therapy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006; 23:1735-40. [PMID: 16817917 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02936.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detection of Helicobacter pylori antigen in stool samples has been a subject of controversy. However, it has been included in several clinical guidelines as a recommended non-invasive testing procedure in dyspeptic patients. AIM To compare a monoclonal enzyme immunoassay for detection of H. pylori stool antigen (Amplified IDEIA HpStAR, DakoCytomation) with a polyclonal enzyme immunoassay (HpSA test, Premier Platinum HpSA, Meridian Diagnostics) in diagnosing infection and in determining H. pylori status after eradication treatment. METHODS We evaluated stool samples of 198 patients diagnosed with H. pylori infection and of 41 patients without infection. The results of the monoclonal enzyme immunoassay HpStAR were compared with those of the polyclonal enzyme immunoassay HpSA. RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity of HpStAR were 91.9% and 70.7%, while those of HpSA were 89.4% and 80.5%, respectively. In the 126 patients evaluated 6 weeks after eradication therapy, the overall agreement between urea breath test and HpStAR was 90.5% (P = 0.710) and between urea breath test and HpSA was 76.9% (P = 0.410). CONCLUSIONS HpStAR is a rapid and easy-to-perform test with similar sensitivity to HpSA in the diagnosis of H. pylori infection, although it had lower specificity. In contrast, HpStAR is more accurate after eradication therapy than HpSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Domínguez
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Guirado E, Amat I, Gil O, Díaz J, Arcos V, Caceres N, Ausina V, Cardona PJ. Passive serum therapy with polyclonal antibodies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis protects against post-chemotherapy relapse of tuberculosis infection in SCID mice. Microbes Infect 2006; 8:1252-9. [PMID: 16702016 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2005.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2005] [Revised: 11/23/2005] [Accepted: 12/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the protective role of immune-sera against reactivation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in SCID mice and found that passive immunization with sera obtained from mice treated with detoxified M. tuberculosis extracts (delivered in liposomes in a composition known as RUTI) exerted significant protection. Our SCID mouse model consisted of aerosol infection by M. tuberculosis, followed by 3 to 8weeks of chemotherapy with isoniazid+rifampicin (INH+RIF) (25 and 10mg/kg, respectively). After infection and antibiotic administration, two groups of mice were treated for up to 10weeks with intraperitoneal passive immunization using hyperimmune serum (HS) obtained from mice infected with M. tuberculosis, treated with chemotherapy (INH+RIF) for 8weeks and inoculated with RUTI (HS group) or with normal serum (CT group). Significant differences were found between HS and CT groups in the number of bacilli in the lungs (3.68+/-2.02 vs. 5.72+/-1.41log(10) c.f.u.), extent of pulmonary granulomatomous infiltration (10.33+/-0.67 vs. 31.2+/-1.77%), and percentage of animals without pulmonary abscesses (16.7% vs. 45.5%). These data strongly suggest a protective role of specific antibodies against lung dissemination of M. tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Guirado
- Unitat de Tuberculosi Experimental, Department of Microbiology, Fundació Institut per a la Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Crta del Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
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Guirado E, Gordillo S, Gil O, Díaz J, Tapia G, Vilaplana C, Ausina V, Cardona PJ. Intragranulomatous necrosis in pulmonary granulomas is not related to resistance against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in experimental murine models induced by aerosol. Int J Exp Pathol 2006; 87:139-49. [PMID: 16623758 PMCID: PMC2517358 DOI: 10.1111/j.0959-9673.2006.00472.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2005] [Accepted: 12/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intragranulomatous necrosis is a primary feature in the natural history of human tuberculosis (TB). Unfortunately, this phenomenon is not usually seen in the experimental TB murine model. Artificial induction of this necrosis in pulmonary granulomas (INPG) may be achieved through aerosol inoculation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 3 weeks after Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. At week 9 post-infection, the centre of primary granulomas became larger, showing eosinophilic necrosis. Interestingly, INPG induction was related to mice strains C57BL/6 and 129/Sv, but not to BALB/c and DBA/2. Furthermore, the same pattern was obtained with the induction of infection using a clinical M. tuberculosis strain (UTE 0335R) that naturally induces INPG. In all the mice strains tested, the study of pulmonary mRNA expression revealed a tendency to increase or to maintain the expression of RANTES, interferon-gamma, tumour necrosis factor and iNOS, in both LPS- and UTE 0335R-induced INPG, thus suggesting that this response must be necessary but not sufficient for inducing INPG. Our work supports that INPG induction is a local phenomenon unrelated to the resistant (C57BL/6 and BALB/c) or susceptible (129/Sv and DBA/2) background of mice strains against M. tuberculosis infection.
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MESH Headings
- Aerosols
- Animals
- Chemokine CCL5/analysis
- Disease Models, Animal
- Eosinophilia/pathology
- Female
- Granuloma, Respiratory Tract/microbiology
- Granuloma, Respiratory Tract/pathology
- Haplotypes
- Interferon-gamma/analysis
- Lipopolysaccharides/administration & dosage
- Lung/microbiology
- Lung/pathology
- Lung Diseases/microbiology
- Lung Diseases/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Necrosis
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Tuberculosis/microbiology
- Tuberculosis/pathology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/pathology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Guirado
- Unitat de Tuberculosi Experimental, Department of Microbiology, Fundació Institut per a la Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol and Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaCatalonia, Spain
| | - Sergi Gordillo
- Unitat de Tuberculosi Experimental, Department of Microbiology, Fundació Institut per a la Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol and Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaCatalonia, Spain
| | - Olga Gil
- Unitat de Tuberculosi Experimental, Department of Microbiology, Fundació Institut per a la Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol and Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaCatalonia, Spain
| | - Jorge Díaz
- Unitat de Tuberculosi Experimental, Department of Microbiology, Fundació Institut per a la Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol and Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaCatalonia, Spain
| | - Gustavo Tapia
- Department of Pathology, Fundació Institut per a la Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol and Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaCatalonia, Spain
| | - Cristina Vilaplana
- Unitat de Tuberculosi Experimental, Department of Microbiology, Fundació Institut per a la Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol and Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaCatalonia, Spain
| | - Vicenç Ausina
- Unitat de Tuberculosi Experimental, Department of Microbiology, Fundació Institut per a la Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol and Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaCatalonia, Spain
| | - Pere-Joan Cardona
- Unitat de Tuberculosi Experimental, Department of Microbiology, Fundació Institut per a la Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol and Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaCatalonia, Spain
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Galí N, Domínguez J, Blanco S, Prat C, Alcaide F, Coll P, Ausina V. Use of a mycobacteriophage-based assay for rapid assessment of susceptibilities of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates to isoniazid and influence of resistance level on assay performance. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:201-5. [PMID: 16390970 PMCID: PMC1351944 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.44.1.201-205.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We standardized and assessed the performance of an in-house microtiter assay for determining the susceptibilities of Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates to isoniazid based on mycobacteriophage amplification technology. Seventy isolates (43 resistant and 27 sensitive according to the BACTEC 460 radiometric method and MIC determination) were studied. The isoniazid resistance molecular mechanism was previously determined by sequencing the entire katG gene and the mabA-inhA regulatory region. The sensitivity of the mycobacteriophage-based assay in detecting isoniazid resistance was 86.1%, the specificity achieved was 92.6%, and the overall accuracy was 88.6%. In order to assess the possible influence of resistance levels on the mycobacteriophage-based-assay sensitivity, the results were analyzed according to the isoniazid MICs. All the isolates exhibiting high-level resistance (MIC > or = 2 microg/ml) were scored as resistant by the mycobacteriophage-based assay (100% concordance), and 95% showed mutations or deletions in the catalytic domain of the katG gene. In contrast, 26.1% of the low-level-resistance strains (MICs, 0.25 to 1 microg/ml) were misclassified, and 66.7% had alterations in the mabA-inhA regulatory region. The mycobacteriophage-based assay could be used as a rapid method to detect the isoniazid susceptibility pattern, although data from those areas with high rates of low-level-resistance strains should be interpreted with caution. The features of the assay make it suitable for widespread application due to its low technical demand and cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Galí
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Ctra. del Canyet, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
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Martró E, Suligoi B, González V, Bossi V, Esteve A, Mei J, Ausina V. Comparison of the avidity index method and the serologic testing algorithm for recent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconversion, two methods using a single serum sample for identification of recent HIV infections. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 43:6197-9. [PMID: 16333129 PMCID: PMC1317229 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.43.12.6197-6199.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was designed to compare an avidity index method to the serologic testing algorithm for recent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconversion (STARHS) for the detection of recent HIV infection. One hundred sixty HIV-positive sera were tested. Both techniques performed similarly in identifying recent infections, although STARHS tended to misclassify more individuals that had long-standing infection as being recently infected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Martró
- Microbiology Service. Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol. Ctra de Canyet, s/n 08916 Badalona, Spain
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Gil O, Guirado E, Gordillo S, Díaz J, Tapia G, Vilaplana C, Ariza A, Ausina V, Cardona PJ. Intragranulomatous necrosis in lungs of mice infected by aerosol with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is related to bacterial load rather than to any one cytokine or T cell type. Microbes Infect 2006; 8:628-36. [PMID: 16515876 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2005.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2005] [Revised: 08/29/2005] [Accepted: 08/30/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Low dose aerosol infection of C57BL/6 mice with a clinical strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (UTE 0335 R) induced intragranulomatous necrosis in pulmonary granulomas (INPG) at week 9 postinfection. Infection of different knockout (KO) mouse strains with UTE 0335 R induced INPG in all strains and established two histopathological patterns. The first pattern was seen in SCID mice and in mice with deleted alpha/beta T receptor, TNF R1, IL-12, IFN-gamma, or iNOS genes, and showed a massive INPG with a high granulomatous infiltration of the lung, a large and homogeneous eosinophilic necrosis full of acid-fast bacilli, with marked karyorrhexis, coarse basophilic necrosis, and surrounded by patches delimited by partially conserved alveolar septum full of PMNs. The second pattern was seen in mice with deleted IL-1 R1, IL-6, IL-10, CD4, CD8 or gamma/delta T cell receptor genes, and showed more discrete lesions with predominant homogeneous eosinophilic necrosis with few bacilli and surrounded by a well-defined lymphocyte-based ring. Local expression of IFN-gamma, iNOS, TNF and RANTES showed no significant differences between these mouse strains generating a discrete INPG. Mouse strains showing a massive INPG showed higher, lower or equal expression values compared to the control strain. In conclusion, the severity of the INPG pattern correlated with pulmonary CFU counts, irrespective of the genetic absence or the infection-induced levels of cytokine mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Gil
- Unitat de Tuberculosi Experimental, Department of Microbiology, Fundació Institut per a la Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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González V, Martró E, Buckton A, Saludes V, Planas R, Ausina V. P.141 A large-scale evaluation of a new method for hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotyping based on real-time PCR. J Clin Virol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1386-6532(06)80321-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Cardona PJ, Amat I, Gordillo S, Arcos V, Guirado E, Díaz J, Vilaplana C, Tapia G, Ausina V. Immunotherapy with fragmented Mycobacterium tuberculosis cells increases the effectiveness of chemotherapy against a chronical infection in a murine model of tuberculosis. Vaccine 2005; 23:1393-8. [PMID: 15661388 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2004] [Revised: 09/01/2004] [Accepted: 09/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Reduction of colony forming units by rifampicin-isoniazid therapy given 9-17 weeks post-infection was made more pronounced by immunotherapy with a vaccine made of fragmented Mycobacterium tuberculosis cells detoxified and liposomed (RUTI), given on weeks 17, 19 and 21 post-infection, in the murine model of tuberculosis in C57BL/6 and DBA/2 inbred strains. RUTI triggered a Th1/Th2 response, as demonstrated by the production of IgG1, IgG2a and IgG3 antibodies against a wide range of peptides. The histological analysis did not show neither eosinophilia nor necrosis, and granulomatous infiltration was only slightly increased in C57BL/6 mice when RUTI was administered intranasally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pere-Joan Cardona
- Unitat de Tuberculosi Experimental, Department of Microbiology, Fundació Institut per a la Investigació en Ciències de la Salut "Germans Trias i Pujol", Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Lauzurica R, Frías C, Bayés B, Ausina V, Romero R. [Variability in Epstein-Barr virus serological markers in adult kidney transplant recipients]. Nefrologia 2005; 25:185-90. [PMID: 15912656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is associated with the development of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD). However, the clinical relevance and criteria for EBV serological reactivation in EBV-seropositive transplant recipients is unclear. EBV-specific antibodies: viral capsid immunoglobulm G [IgG (VCA)], nuclear antigen (EBNA) IgG, immunoglobulin M [IgM (VCA)] and early antigen IgG (EA) were prospectively analyzed in 71 adult kidney transplant recipients, before starting immunosuppression, when they were uraemic, and after transplantation. A total of 351 serum samples were tested. Relevance of different EBV reactivation-related variables were analyzed using the chi-square test. In 37 of 71 (52.1%) patients IgM (VCA) or IgG (EA) were detected when they were uraemic. EBV reactivation occurred in 25 of 71 (35.2%) patients, with clinical symptoms (fever, leukopenia, kidney function impairment, and increase in transaminases) in nine cases. One of 71 patients developed a PTLD, without detection of serologically EBV reactivation, but with an increase in EBV viral load. Absence of mycophenolate mofetil, that inhibits lymphocyte proliferation and antibody production, in immunosuppression was statistically significantly associated with EBV reactivation (p = 0.015). Serological diagnosis of EBV reactivation should be based on strict criteria (IgM (VCA) seroconversion, four-fold increase in IgM (VCA) or IgG (EA), or four-fold decrease in IgG (EBNA) titers and on analysis of serial samples. Some EBV-seropositive patients at high risk of developing PTLD could benefit from this diagnostic methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lauzurica
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona.
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Hernández A, Martró E, Matas L, Jiménez A, Ausina V. Mycobactericidal and tuberculocidal activity of Korsolex AF, an amine detergent/disinfectant product. J Hosp Infect 2004; 59:62-6. [PMID: 15571855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2004.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2004] [Accepted: 05/27/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The mycobactericidal and tuberculocidal activities of Korsolex AF against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare (MAI), Mycobacterium kansasii and Mycobacterium chelonae were determined using quantitative suspension and carrier tests. The effects of organic load and hard water were also considered. A clinical isolate of MAI was the most resistant of the four test organisms. A 2% solution had good mycobactericidal and tuberculocidal activities after 30 min of exposure. Although further evaluation using European standard tests is necessary, we conclude that Korsolex AF appears to be a promising product for the disinfection of hospital instruments contaminated with mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hernández
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Germans Trias i Pujol, Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
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Almeda J, Casabona J, Matas L, González V, Muga R, Sanz B, Bolao F, Ausina V. Evaluation of a commercial enzyme immunoassay for HIV screening in urine. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2004; 23:831-5. [PMID: 15480885 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-004-1221-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the utility of a commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA) as a screening test for detecting HIV-1 antibody in urine in a population at risk for HIV infection in Catalonia, Spain. Paired urine and serum samples were collected consecutively from 99 patients who attended two drug-dependency treatment centres and 151 patients who attended a sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinic in Barcelona. Antibodies against HIV in urine samples were detected using the Calypte HIV-1 Urine EIA (Calypte Biomedical Corporation, Berkeley, CA, USA) and confirmed by urine-based Western blot (WB) analysis. Sera were analysed using Bioelisa HIV-1+2 EIA (Biokit Laboratories, Barcelona, Spain), and the results were verified using serum-based WB analysis. Results of both urine and serum testing were available for 246 of 250 participants. For 52 individuals the results of both urine and serum testing were positive and for five the results were discordant (2 with urine-negative/serum-positive results and 3 with urine-positive/serum-negative results). The respective sensitivity and specificity values obtained for the urine EIA were 100% and 96.2% for intravenous drug users (IDUs) and 80% and 99.3% for persons attending the STD clinic. According to the 1997 UNAIDS/WHO strategy I recommendations, these values are acceptable for surveillance purposes, particularly in populations with a high prevalence of HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Almeda
- Centre for Epidemiological Studies on HIV/AIDS in Catalonia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera de Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain.
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Pérez A, Sala P, Giménez M, Sierra M, Esteve A, Alonso A, Quesada M, Raspall F, Ausina V, Rodrigo C. Pneumococcal bacteremia in children: an 8-year review in two hospitals in Barcelona. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2004; 23:677-81. [PMID: 15322935 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-004-1197-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, 90 episodes of pneumococcal bacteremia that occurred over an 8-year period in two hospitals in Barcelona were analyzed retrospectively to determine the clinical and bacteriological characteristics of pneumococcal bacteremia, the risk factors for antibiotic resistance, the outcome, and the vaccine coverage. The mean age of the patients was 3.1 years and the male/female ratio was 1.7. The overall rates of penicillin-non-susceptible, cefotaxime-non-susceptible, and erythromycin-resistant isolates were 48.8, 24.4, and 25.5%, respectively. Antibiotic resistance was associated with children under the age of 2 years and with previous antibiotic treatment. The percentage of antibiotic resistance was higher in the nine episodes that occurred in patients with an underlying illness. The most prevalent serotypes identified were 1, 14, 6B, 18C, 5, and 19A. Serotypes 6A/B, 14, and 19A/F were isolated primarily from children under 2, whereas serotypes 1 and 5 were recovered more frequently from older children. Apparent relationships between serotypes 6A/B, 14, and 19A/F and occult bacteremia and between serotypes 1 and 5 and bacteremic pneumonia were confounded by the age variable. The proportion of bacteremic episodes preventable by all (7-valent, 9-valent, and 11-valent) of the conjugate pneumococcal vaccines was 60% in children under 2. In older children, the serotype coverage rate for the three formulations was 48, 87, and 87%, respectively. In summary, these data expand upon previous Spanish studies in which serotypes 1 and 5 were reported to be among the leading causes of severe systemic pneumococcal infections in children over 2, findings that should be taken into consideration when planning vaccine programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pérez
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera del Canyet s/n, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
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González V, Padilla E, Giménez M, Vilaplana C, Pérez A, Fernández G, Quesada MD, Pallarés MA, Ausina V. Rapid diagnosis of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia using S. aureus PNA FISH. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2004; 23:396-8. [PMID: 15112062 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-004-1112-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In the study presented here, the performance of the S. aureus PNA FISH assay was evaluated using 285 blood cultures (from 104 patients) that had gram-positive cocci resembling staphylococci on Gram stain. The new molecular test is based on a fluorescence in situ hybridization assay using peptide nucleic acid probes targeting Staphylococcus aureus 16S rRNA and is designed for the rapid identification of Staphylococcus aureus directly from positive blood cultures. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the S. aureus PNA FISH for the rapid identification of Staphylococcus aureus directly from positive blood culture bottles were 100, 99.4, 99.2 and 100%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- V González
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera. del Canyet s/n, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
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Vilaplana C, Blanco S, Domínguez J, Giménez M, Ausina V, TUral C, Muñoz C. Noninvasive method for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis by a latex agglutination test for detection of antigens in urine samples. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42:1853-4. [PMID: 15071070 PMCID: PMC387579 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.42.4.1853-1854.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Prat C, Domínguez J, Rodrigo C, Giménez M, Azuara M, Blanco S, Ausina V. Use of Quantitative and Semiquantitative Procalcitonin Measurements to Identify Children with Sepsis and Meningitis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2004; 23:136-8. [PMID: 14689316 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-003-1066-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Prat
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, C/Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain.
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Cardona PJ, Gordillo S, Díaz J, Tapia G, Amat I, Pallarés A, Vilaplana C, Ariza A, Ausina V. Widespread bronchogenic dissemination makes DBA/2 mice more susceptible than C57BL/6 mice to experimental aerosol infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infect Immun 2003; 71:5845-54. [PMID: 14500506 PMCID: PMC201050 DOI: 10.1128/iai.71.10.5845-5854.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have used the murine model of aerosol-induced experimental tuberculosis to assess the effects of four clinical isolates and a reference strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on resistant C57BL/6 mice and susceptible DBA/2 mice. Histological studies and detection of 25 cytokines potentially involved in the infection were carried out. DBA/2 mice showed higher concentrations of bacilli in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue. Furthermore, these mice evidenced a larger granulomatous infiltration in the parenchyma due to an increased rate of emigration of infected foamy macrophages from the granulomas to the neighboring pulmonary alveolar spaces. The better control of bacillary concentrations and pulmonary infiltration observed in C57BL/6 mice from week 3 postinfection could result from their higher RANTES, ICAM-1, and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) mRNA levels. On the other hand, the higher MIP-2 and MCP-3 mRNA levels seen in DBA/2 mice would result in stronger lung recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils. Additionally, DBA/2 mice showed increased inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, induced by the larger number of foamy macrophages, at weeks 18 and 22. This increment was a consequence of phagocytosed bacillary debris, was independent of IFN-gamma expression, and could exert only a bacteriostatic effect. The results of the study suggest that DBA/2 mice are more susceptible than C57BL/6 mice to M. tuberculosis infection due to a higher bronchial dissemination of bacilli inside poorly activated foamy macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pere-Joan Cardona
- Unitat de Tuberculosi Experimental, Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Ctra del Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Prat C, Domínguez J, Rodrigo C, Giménez M, Azuara M, Jiménez O, Galí N, Ausina V. Procalcitonin, C-reactive protein and leukocyte count in children with lower respiratory tract infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2003; 22:963-8. [PMID: 14614368 DOI: 10.1097/01.inf.0000095197.72976.4f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower respiratory tract infection is the most common infection leading to unnecessary antibiotic treatment in children. Etiologic diagnosis is not immediately achieved, and the pathogen remains unidentified in a large number of cases. Neither clinical nor laboratory factors allow for a rapid distinction between bacterial and viral etiology. The aim of our study was to evaluate the reliability of procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP) and leukocyte count in distinguishing pneumococcal, atypical and viral lower respiratory tract infection. METHODS PCT, CRP and leukocyte count were measured in children with microbiologically documented diagnoses of lower respiratory tract infection. The results were compared of children with pneumococcal, atypical and viral etiologies. RESULTS PCT and CRP showed significant correlation with a bacterial etiology of lower respiratory tract infection. No significance was found for leukocyte count. Using a cutoff point of 2 ng/ml for PCT and 65 mg/l for CRP, the sensitivities and specificities for distinguishing bacterial from viral lower respiratory tract infections were 68.6 and 79.4% for PCT and 79.1 and 67.1% for CRP. The sensitivities and specificities for distinguishing pneumococcal from other etiologies were 90.3 and 74.1% for PCT and 90.3 and 60% for CRP, respectively. CONCLUSIONS High PCT and CRP values show a significant correlation with the bacterial etiology of lower respiratory tract infection. PCT and CRP show good sensitivity for distinguishing pneumococcal from other etiologies. PCT shows higher specificity than CRP. PCT and CRP can help make decisions about antibiotic therapy in children with lower respiratory tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Prat
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, C/Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain.
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Martró E, Hernández A, Ariza J, Domínguez MA, Matas L, Argerich MJ, Martin R, Ausina V. Assessment of Acinetobacter baumannii susceptibility to antiseptics and disinfectants. J Hosp Infect 2003; 55:39-46. [PMID: 14505608 DOI: 10.1016/s0195-6701(03)00220-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Disinfection and antisepsis are of primary importance in controlling outbreaks of Acinetobacter baumannii, a nosocomial pathogen that frequently shows multiple antibiotic resistance. In this study we assessed the susceptibility of nine A. baumannii strains isolated during a sustained intensive care unit outbreak, to several antiseptics and disinfectants based on European Standards. While the tested strains showed diverse antibiotic resistance patterns, they were equally sensitive to the biocides assessed in vitro. We observed neither evidence of development of resistance to biocides over time, nor a correlation between resistance to antibiotics and a decreased susceptibility to antiseptics or disinfectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Martró
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
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Manterola JM, Thornton CG, Padilla E, Lonca J, Pérez M, Quesada MD, Ausina V. Analysis of the contaminant spectrum in the MB/BacT liquid culture system following C(18)-carboxypropylbetaine specimen processing. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2003; 22:507-8. [PMID: 12884071 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-003-0977-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J M Manterola
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera de Canyet s/n, 08916, Badalona, Spain
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Lauzurica R, Bayés B, Frías C, Hernández A, Bonet J, Fontseré N, Jimenez A, Ausina V, Romero R. Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders in adult kidney transplant recipients: clinical features and relationship to Epstein-Barr virus. Transplant Proc 2003; 35:1720-1. [PMID: 12962770 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(03)00668-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Lauzurica
- Nephrology Department, Kidney Transplant Unit, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.
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Pérez López A, Giménez M, Rodrigo C, Alonso A, Prat C, Ausina V. Seven-year review of paediatric bacteraemias diagnosed in a Spanish university hospital. Acta Paediatr 2003; 92:854-6. [PMID: 12892168 DOI: 10.1080/08035250310002966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study analysed the clinical and bacteriological patterns of paediatric bacteraemia in a university hospital, by a review of 213 episodes over a period of 7 y. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most frequent aetiological agent after the neonatal period and Streptococcus agalactiae in neonatal sepsis. Almost half of pneumococci and meningococci were penicillin non-susceptible. Four neonatal deaths attributed to bacteraemia were recorded. CONCLUSION Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of community-acquired bacteraemia. Mortality due to bacteraemia in children without underlying conditions is rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pérez López
- Servicio de Microbiología y Parasitología, Hospital Universitario Germans Trias i Pujol, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain.
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